Chp.16 Russia and the Caucasus – Flashcards
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a mountain range in russia that separates Europe and Asia.
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Ural Mountains
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an inland sea location between Europe and Asia. It is the worlds largest inland body of water in the world.
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Caspian Sea
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a mountain system in southeast Europe between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.
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Caucasus Mountains
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the capital of Russia.
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Moscow
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a huge region in eastern Europe.
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Siberia
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the longest river in europe and Russia's most important commercial river.
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Volga River
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a forest of mainly evergreen trees covering much of Russia.
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taiga
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Europe and Asia meet at the____________.
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Ural Mountains.
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____________is the world's largest country.
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Russia
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The countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan make up the____________. They are located south of Russia in the Caucasus Mountains region.
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Caucasus
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_____________, Russia's capital, is in western Russia. This is in Europe.
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Moscow
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The main landform here is____________.
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plains
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____________is between the Ural Mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
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Siberia
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Three landforms in Siberia are____________,____________,and____________.
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-plains -plateaus -mountains
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The Russian Far East is part of the____________. This area is known for volcanoes and earthquakes.
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Ring of Fire
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In western Russia,___________________is Europe's longest River.
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Volga River
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___________in south-central Siberia, is the world's deepest lake.
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Lake Baikal
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Russia's northern coast within the Arctic Circle is________. Here it is dark and bitterly cold in the in winter and the ground is permafrost.
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tundra
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The climate of the Caucasus ranges from the warm and_______to hot and________.
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-wet -dry
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Some of Russia's natural resources are:
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-fertile soil -wood -metals ; gems -coal, hydroelectricity , gas -oil
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the capital of Ukraine, originally settled by the Rus.
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Kiev
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a form of the Greek alphabet introduced to Russia by missionaries .
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Cyrillic
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a Russian emperor.
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czar
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a radical Russian Communist group that seized power in 1917.
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Bolsheviks
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a Soviet labor camp.
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gulag
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The Slavs, one of the first groups of settlers in eastern Europe, were invaded by Vikings called________.
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Rus
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The Rus created a state called Kievan Rus around the city of__________. This city is the capital of Ukraine.
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Kiev
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Missionaries introduced the Orthodox Christian faith and the____________ alphabet to the Russians.
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Cyrillic
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After several hundred years of conflict, Ivan IV crowned himself_________ which means "emperor." He became known as "Ivan the Terrible."
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czar
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During the 1600's - 1800's, Russia grew into a huge_________.
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empire
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In 1914, Russia entered___________________. Th czar ignored the people's hardship during the war, and he was forced to give up his throne.
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World War I
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During the Russian Revolution in 1917, the_____________, a Russian Communist group, took power. They killed the czar and his family.
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Bolsheviks
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In 1922 the Bolsheviks formed the Union of Soviet Socialists Republics (USSR) called the __________________.
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Soviet Union
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The first leader of the soviet Union was________________________.
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Vladimir Lenin
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After Lenin died, ___________________ became the leader.
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Joseph Stalin
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He set up a______________________ where the government owns all property and makes all decisions.
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command economy
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People who opposed the government were sent to harsh labor camps called_________.
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gulags
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During world War II, Russia fought with the Allies against____________.
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Germany
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Stalin set up a communist government in Eastern Europe, the U.S. was against this and the_______________ between the U.S. and the Soviet Union began.
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cold war
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In the 1980's, the Soviet leader_________________________ reduced some government control and allowed some democracy.
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Mikhail Gorbachev
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In 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed and broke into_____ independent states.
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15
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The main religion of Russia is ________________________.
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Russian Orthodox Christian
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Russia's contributions to the art and sciences: *Performing arts:_________________ *Music:________________________(The Nutcracker and 1812 Overture) *Material arts:_____________________ *Science:_____________________(Sputnik- first artificial space satellite)
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-Bolshi Ballet -Peter Tchaikovsky's -Faberge Eggs -Space research
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Ural Mountains, Russia
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In what mountain range can you stand in two continents at once?
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Caspian Sea
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Name an inland sea located between Europe and Asia; it is the largest inland body of salt water in the world
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Caucasus Mountains
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a mountain system in southeastern Europe between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea
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Moscow
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Capital of Russia
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Siberia
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A huge region in eastern Russia, between the Urals and the Pacific Ocean
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Volga River
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The longest river in Europe and Russia's most important commercial river
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taiga
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a forest of mainly evergreen trees covering much of Russia (p. 199)
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Russia, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan
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learn the location of countries on the map
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The Ring of Fire
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The Russian Far East is part of what landform, which is known for volcanic activity?
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Mt. Elbrus
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The highest peak in Europe
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Lake Baikal
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The world's deepest lake
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Short summers and long, snowy winters It is milder west of the Urals and gets colder as you travel west Russia's northern coast is tundra, and largely permafrost Beneath that is taiga (forest) South of that is steppe=farmland
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What is the climate in Russia?
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Warm and wet along the Black Sea Dry and hot in Azerbaijan
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What is the climate like in the Caucasus?
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coal, hydroelectricity, natural gas, and oil.
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What are the region's main energy resources?
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fertile soil for farming wood for building and paper products Metals, such as copper and gold, and precious gems such as diamonds
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What resources are found in Russia and the Caucasus?
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Kiev
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What is the capital of Ukraine?
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Cyrillic
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a form of the Greek alphabet
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Czar
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A Russian Emperor
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Bolsheviks
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a radical Russian Communist group that seized power in 1917
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Gulag
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A harsh, soviet labor camp, often located in Siberia
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The Mongols
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In the 1200's, what group of invaders conquered Kiev?
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Ivan III He later became known as Ivan the Terrible
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Who was the prince of Muscovy, who seized power from the Mongols in 1540?
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Russia
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Muscovy later became what country
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Peter the Great Catherine the Great
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Name two rulers who developed Russia into a world power
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The people remained poor farmers, and the czars and nobles held all of the wealth After World War I, there was a large shortage of food, and the czar seemed to ignore the plight of the people, who revolted
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What caused the people to revolt in 1914
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Vladimir Lenin
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Who was the first leader of the USSR
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Communist
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In this political system, the government owns all property and controls all aspects of life
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Joseph Stalin
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Who was the paranoid leader who took power after Lenin died in 1924?
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A command economy
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In what kind of economy does the government own all businesses and farms and makes all decisions--people are told what to make and how much to charge (no competition)
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the quality of goods fell
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What happened to the quality of goods and efficiency in the command economy
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they were sent to gulags, killed, or exiled
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What happened to people in the Soviet Union who spoke out against the government
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to build a buffer to protect the Soviet Union from invasion
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Why did Stalin set up Communist governments in Eastern Europe
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they competed to have superior weapons
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Why were the USA and USSR considered superpowers
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the high costs of weapons
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Why was the Soviet economy near collapse by the 1980's
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Mikhail Gorbachev
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Who was the Soviet leader who began reducing government and introducing some democracy
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1991
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When did the Soviet Union collapse
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New Year's Eve
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What is the main family holiday in Russia
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Father Frost and the Snow Maiden
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Who brings gifts on New Year's Eve
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June 12
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When is Russian Independence Day
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Ethnic Russians
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Russia, with more than 140 million people, is diverse. 80% of people are ______ _____
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Moscow, Russia
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Identify the city where this structure is located
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Tchaikovsky--famous composer, The Nutcracker, 1812 Overture Fabergé eggs Sputnik--the first artificial sattellite in space
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Name some important Russian contributions in arts and sciences
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dachas
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Russian country houses
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smelters
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factories that process metal ores
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Trans-Siberian Railroad
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a rail line in Russia that extends about 5,800 miles (9,330 km) from Moscow to Vladivostok; it is the longest single rail line in the world
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a republic in Russia that is fighting a violent struggle for independence
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Chechnya
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A federal republic
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What kind of government is the Russian Federation
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A federal republic
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What is a system in which power is divided between national and local governments
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A market economy based on free trade and competition
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What type of economy was established with the move in Russia to democracy
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grains, fruits, potatoes, sugar beets
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What are major Russian crops
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Oil Gas Timber Metals Chemicals
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Today Russia produces and exports ______, ______, _________, _________, ______
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Service industries
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What makes up the largest part of the Russian economy
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75
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_____% of all Russians live in cities
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The Moscow Region The St. Petersburg Region Siberia The Volga region Ural region The Russian Far East
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What are the six culture regions in Russia
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The Kremlin means "fortress" It is adjacent to Red Square
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What is the center of Russia's government called, located in Moscow
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Moscow
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What is Russia's most important economoc area
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St Petersburg region It was the capital for 200 years before Moscow became the capital
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What region was founded by Peter the Great and reflects Russian's desire for Western ways
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St. Petersburg
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What major city in Russia has "white nights", a period in the summer when it never gets totally dark
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The Gulf of Finland
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What major body of water is St. Petersburg located on?
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hydroelectric
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In the Volga and Urals regions, what type of power is created
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The sturgeon Black caviar is made from its eggs
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What famous type of fish is native to the Caspian Sea
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Ural mountains (Think of miners in the gold rush in the mountains)
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Metal ores, copper and iron, as well as gemstones are produced in what region in Russia
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Sleeping land
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What does "Siberia" mean
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Cold and harsh, with long winters Most of the land lies frozen or under snow for most of the year
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What is the climate for most of Siberia
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Mining, lumber, and oil production
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What are the main industries in Siberia
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The harsh climate
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Why do jobs in Siberia pay high wages
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The Trans-Siberian Railroad
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Most cities in Siberia are along what?
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Moscow and Vladivostok
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Between what two cities does the Trans-Siberian Railroad run?
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Vladivostok
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What major city is in the Russian Far East?
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Naval Base It is the area's main seaport
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What important functions are in Vladivostok?
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Unemployment has risen Prices have also risen
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What has happened to unemployment since 1991 in Russia
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The gap between poor and rich has increased, and many Russians cannot afford good health care--so more are dying than being born
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Why is the population of Russia dropping since 1991
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Dropping population Prices and unemployment have risen Pollution has harmed the environment
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What are challenges in modern Russia
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Muslim
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What religion do many people in Chechnya practice
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Federal Republic working to build a market economy
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Russia is now what kind of a government
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Ottoman Turks
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Armenia was ruled by whom until World War I
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Ethnic cleansing--the Ottoman Turks began killing and abusing the Armenians
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In the late 1800's, what happened in Armenia
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The Turks lost World War I
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What caused the Ottoman Turks to leave Armenia
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Tbilisi
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What is the capital of the country of Georgia
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An elected president governs each nation, and an appointed prime minister runs each government A parliament makes the laws
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Who governs the nations of the Caucasus today?
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Georgian Orthodox Church
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What is the primary religion of Georgia
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Georgian
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What is the official language of Georgia
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No, it has struggled with unrest and civil war since 1991 when the nations of the Caucasus gained true independence
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Is Georgia peaceful
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Georgians forced their president out in a peaceful revolution in 2003 Meanwhile, ethnic groups in Northern Georgia were fighting for independence
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What was the Rose Revolution
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International aid
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What is helping the economy of Georgia improve
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Services Farming
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What is the economy of Georgia based on?
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No--it is landlocked
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Does Armenia have a seaport
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Yerevan
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What is the capital of Armenia
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It is about the size of Maryland
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How large is Armenia
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Christianity
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Armenia prides itself on being the first country to adopt what?
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Armenian Orthodox Church
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To what church do most people in Armenia belong?
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Azerbaijan--this conflict greatly hurt the economy of Armenia
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Armenia fought a bitter war with what country in 1990
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International aid
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What is helping the economy of Armenia
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Diamond processing
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What is a growing industry in Armenia
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Baku
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What is the capital of Azerbaijan
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Oil
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On what is the economy of Azerbaijan based
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Corruption is high in Azerbaijan They also have many refugees as a result of the war with Armenia
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Why are many people in Azerbaijan poor
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Muslim
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What faith do most in Azerbaijan practice
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The Black Sea and the Caspian Sea
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Between what two bodies of water do the Caucasus countries lie
