question

Continental Europe lagged behind Great Britain in industrializing due primarily to

answer

the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars

question

In the French revolutionary calendar, September 22, 1792, marked the

answer

birth of the republic.

question

The philosophes of the Enlightenment, as exemplified by Voltaire, particularly admired England because of

answer

its constitutional monarchy and policy of religious toleration

question

The development of the steam engine decisively transformed the nineteenth-century world. _________ was one of its many applications

answer

Railroad locomotives

question

The Haitian Revolution was important because it

answer

was the only successful slave revolt in history

question

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

answer

was a moral document specifying the natural rights of human beings

question

Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated for the last time in Belgium at the battle of

answer

Waterloo

question

When the Committee of Public Safety fell from power in 1794, it was replaced by a more moderate group known as the

answer

Directory

question

The rapid expansion of the textile industry in Great Britain in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries had at least one unintended consequence: a revolution in

answer

clothing.

question

In 1789, Louis XVI called a meeting of the Estates-General, which had not met since 1614, because

answer

France faced severe economic hardship and financial chaos

question

The Concordat of 1801

answer

did not revoke the principle of religious freedom established by the revolution

question

"French Revolution" refers to

answer

a complex series of events from 1789 to 1799

question

Deism, the "religion" of the Enlightenment, expressed the belief that

answer

God created the universe, but no longer took any active interest in it

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In The Spirit of the Laws, Baron de Montesquieu argued

answer

in favor of the separation and balancing of the powers of government

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In the war against its American colonists, Britain found itself opposed also by

answer

France

question

In the second stage of the French Revolution, the Terror, the vast majority of those executed were

answer

opponents of the Revolution

question

The leader of the Haitian Revolution, who did not live to see independence, was

answer

Toussaint L'Ouverture

question

In her Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Mary Wollstonecraft argued that

answer

all men and women share a common humanity

question

The event that marked the beginning of the French Revolution was the

answer

Oath of the Tennis Court

question

A philosophe may be defined as an individual who was a

answer

free thinker

question

The assassination of Franz Ferdinand precipitated the "July Crisis" and led to World War I because he was

answer

heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary

question

How did Neville Chamberlain presume that the Munich agreement would satisfy Hitler's ambitions?

answer

by allowing Hitler to unify all ethnic Germans in one state

question

The United States entered the Second World War when the Japanese attacked the

answer

United States at Pearl Harbor

question

The most important "second front" opened by the Allies in Europe occurred in June 1944 with the

answer

Allied landings in Normandy.

question

The strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific campaign consisted of attacking strategic Japanese bases was referred to as

answer

island hopping

question

The German "Schlieffen Plan" envisioned a

answer

sweeping attack through Belgium to defeat the French outside Paris.

question

To what does the term Blitzkrieg refer?

answer

the sweeping, meticulous use of German armored vehicles and air power to cut apart slower enemy armies

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Which of the following was NOT an important factor in the weakness of the League of Nations?

answer

the League's inability to coordinate coherent, international action to limit the effects of the Great Depression

question

To what does the term gulag refer?

answer

forced-labor camps populated by political prisoners of Stalin's government

question

The entry of the United States into World War I on the side of the Allies was due to several factors; among them were the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare by the Germans and the

answer

interception of the "Zimmerman telegram" sent by Germany's foreign minister to Mexico.

question

All of the following prompted the Russian people to revolt against their tsar in 1917 EXCEPT:

answer

the mistreatment by the tsar's family of the revered holy man, Grigorii Rasputin.

question

Why did the Russian's revolt?

answer

complete loss of faith in the government. living conditions that had grossly deteriorated. the horrendous loss of life in World War I. lack of food in most areas of the country.

question

In the summer of 1943, the largest battle of the Second World War, and perhaps of all history, was fought at:

answer

Kursk

question

How did Stalin respond to the settlement at Munich?

answer

by signing a nonaggression pact with Nazi Germany

question

What were the mandates of the Treaty of Versailles?

answer

Territories in the Middle East colonies were to be administered by France and Great Britain.

question

What was the public motive for Britain's declaration of war in 1914?

answer

the German invasion of neutral Belgium

question

One of the long-lasting results of World War I was the increasingly sour and suspicious relationship that developed between

answer

Russia and western Europe

question

The League of Nations included all the participants of the First World War, including France, Britain, the United States, Germany, and the Soviet Union.

answer

False

question

In 1943 the Americans helped relieve pressure on the Soviets by leading an attack on the Axis Powers by invading

answer

Sicily

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When the war in the West finally did begin in 1940, the Germans nearly destroyed the combined British and French armies, but a great number of the British and French soldiers escaped in a massive evacuation from

answer

Dunkirk

question

During August 1918, the war changed momentum on the Western Front due to several factors, the most important of which was

answer

the Allies' material advantage finally coming to bear on the Germans.

question

Having defeated the French the previous year, in 1941, Hitler turned his attention to

answer

the Balkans

question

Which of the following was NOT a cause of the Second World War's expansion from a European war to a genuinely global conflict?

answer

the eruption of conflict between Axis and Allied forces in French and German colonies in Africa

question

The popes of the Counter-Reformation period were noted for their

answer

ability to administer the Church ably.

question

Copernicus's work on the problem of the Ptolemaic system was commissioned by

answer

the Roman Catholic Church.

question

For many people, the event that is the epitome of the French Revolution, which occurred on July 14, 1789, was

answer

the storming of the Bastille.

question

Deism, the "religion" of the Enlightenment, expressed the belief that

answer

God created the universe, but no longer took any active interest in it.

question

The Second World War began with the German invasion of Poland on

answer

September 1, 1939.

question

At the end of the war in Europe, Adolf Hitler

answer

committed suicide in his underground bunker in Berlin.

question

The action that brought the German plan of attack in the West to an end in September 1914 was the

answer

First Battle of the Marne.

question

One reason why Luther was able to win great public support for his position was the introduction of

answer

printed pamphlets to disseminate his views.

question

Although all of western Europe had fallen to German arms by the summer of 1941, Hitler's ultimate goal lay to the east where he next attacked under the code name "Operation

answer

Barbarossa."

question

Why would Clement VII not permit King Henry VIII of England to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn?

answer

Because Catherine's nephew, Emperor Charles V, controlled Rome at the time and disapproved of Henry's request for an annulment.

question

What description best characterizes the Vichy government's treatment of France's Jewish population?

answer

selective support of deportation and the passage of sweeping anti-Semitic legislation

question

A philosophe may be defined as an individual who was a[n]

answer

free thinker

question

Although the French government had been ruled by one committee or another since the revolution began in 1789, this came to an end in 1799 when Napoleon Bonaparte assumed the title of

answer

first consul

question

Isaac Newton's best-known work today was his research conducted on

answer

gravity

question

The term heliocentric means

answer

sun-centered

question

The agreement by which Charles II became king of England

answer

strengthened the power of Parliament.

question

When the Committee of Public Safety fell from power in 1794, it was replaced by a more moderate group known as the

answer

Directory.

question

At the Council of Trent, the Catholic Church

answer

reaffirmed almost all of the doctrinal claims that Protestants critized

question

In general, the religious policies of Louis XIV aimed to

answer

impose religious unity upon all French people

question

Luther was a professor of theology at

answer

Wittenberg

question

England challenged Spain supremacy in the Atlantic by

answer

attacking Spanish ships that were sailing from their colonies to Spain

question

Louis XIV used the palace of Versailles to

answer

demonstrate the grandeur of his rule and to control the French nobility.

question

The English civil war affected English colonies in the New World by

answer

allowing them a large degree of independence by ignoring them

question

Luther Ninety-five theses objected primarily to the

answer

doctrine of indulgences and the misunderstandings that arose from that doctrine

question

The term "Protestant" means

answer

dissenting

question

The primary activities of the new Jesuit Order were

answer

founding schools and being missionaries

question

Charles I's death sent shock waves through Europe because

answer

it was the first time a reigning king had been legally tried and executed for treason by his subjects

question

Luther was driven to post his Ninety-five Theses by

answer

the sale of indulgences in his region, which promised automatic salvation

question

in the 17 & 18th centuries, absolutism was a political theory that

answer

allowed rulers to govern by divine right and according to their own will

question

Luther's doctrine of "justification by faith" meant that

answer

humans are only made worthy of salvation by their faith in God

question

Luther believed that people were saved by

answer

God's grace alone

question

Galileo Galilei was brought to trail by the inquisition because he

answer

promoted Copernican ideas and had insulted his old patron, Cardinal Barberini, who was now Pope Urban VIII

question

The first English monarch to enforce Protestant theology in the English church was

answer

King Edward VI

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