World History FINAL (20.3-21.3) – Flashcards
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Which of the following strained Japan's relations with Western powers in the early 1940s?
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Japanese military operations in Indochina, Malaya, and Burma
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What drew Japan, Germany, and Italy into a political alliance by 1936-37?
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hostility towards the Soviet Union
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What effect did World War II have on communism?
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It enabled communist parties in Eastern Europe and China to assume power.
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In contrast to what transpired during World War I, Germany during World War II was able to
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conquer France quickly
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What effect did the U.S. Marshall Plan have on European economies?
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it promoted economic growth and widespread prosperity in Western Europe
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Which of the following was a more prominent feature of World War II than World War I?
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the blurring of the line between civilian and military targets
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Which of the following resulted from Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor?
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the wars in Asia and Europe merged in to a single global war
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What happened to Europe's empires in Asia and Africa after the end of World War II?
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European empires collapsed as colonies achieved independence
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Which of the following committed the United States to the defense of Europe against the Soviet Union after World War II?
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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
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How did the American occupation of Japan after World War II affect the Japanese economy?
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it prompted rapid economic growth and generated economic prosperity
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Which of the following contributed to Western European recovery after the devastation of World War II?
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the ability of Western European countries to integrate their economies
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Which of the following reflects aspects of the Chinese Communist Party's strategy on its revolutionary path to power?
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Land reform and guerrilla warfare
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What did the Russian and Chinese revolutions share in common with the French Revolution?
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a vision of the good society in a modernizing future
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In contrast to Russia, the communist revolution in China
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focused on building peasant supporting in the countryside
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What did the different expressions of global communism in the twentieth century share in common?
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a common ideology derived from European Marxism
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Which of the following refers to the military alliance that united the Soviet Union with Eastern European communist states against Western capitalist countries during the cold war?
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the Warsaw Pact
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Which of the following contributed to the outbreak of the Russian Revolution?
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the pressures of World War I
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Which of the following promises made by the Bolsheviks resonated with the majority of the Russian population in 1917?
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worker control of factories
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Which of the following contributed to the Bolsheviks' victory in the Russian civil war?
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the divisions among their opponents
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Which of the following made modernization more difficult in China than in Russia?
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the larger population in China
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Which of the following was a feature common in both Soviet and Chinese policies toward women?
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they were largely state-directed
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In contrast to China, the collectivization of agriculture in the Soviet Union
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was marked by extensive violence and the execution or deportation of wealthier peasants.s
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Which of the following was a criticism of the Soviet model of industrialization made by Chinese leaders in the mid-1950s?
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it promoted individualistic and careerist values
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What was the end result of Mao's two great campaigns—the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution?
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the death and ruins of tens of millions, and the widespread discrediting of communism
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Which of the following was a value emphasized in the socialist modernity of communist states?
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equality
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Which of the following was a feature of most communist states?
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mass organizations controlled by the Communist Party
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Which of the following events in China was most similar to the search for "enemies of the people" in the Soviet Terror of the late 1930s?
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the cultural revolution
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How did the cold war affect countries emerging from colonial rule in the second half of the twentieth century?
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Both the United States and the Soviet Union gave them military and economic aid in the hope of gaining their support.
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Which of the following contributed to American global influence in the decades following World War II?
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a productive economy in a country untouched by the destruction of war
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Which of the following describes relations among those countries controlled by communist parties?
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bitter and divisive conflict undermined any sense of communist solidarity
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Refer to Map 21.3 in the textbook. In which country did a Soviet-backed communist regime assume power in 1979?
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Afghanistan
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Which of the following countries' membership in the "second world" of communist countries occurred without Soviet military intervention?
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Cuba
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Which of the following countries was an arena for a "hot war" between Soviet-backed communist forces and U.S.-backed resistance forces?
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Afghanistan
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The tensions of the cold war strengthened the influence of which of the following on the governments of the United States and the Soviet Union?
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the military-industrial complex
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Which of the following contributed to the failure of Soviet reforms to strengthen socialism and revive a stagnant economy?
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the planned economy was dismantled before a functioning market-based system could emerge
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What was the result of the reforms instituted under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping in China in the 1980s?
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rapid economic growth based on capitalist models
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What effect did the Soviet policy of glasnost have on the communist countries in Eastern Europe?
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it sparked demonstrations that toppled the communist states in Eastern Europe
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Which of the following occurred in the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of communism?
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Open conflict among different ethnic groups living within the same state
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In the twenty-first century, international tensions born of communism remain in
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East Asia and the Caribbean
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Which of the following was a feature of both Soviet and Chinese reforms in the 1980s and 1990s?
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welcoming foreign investment in joint enterprises
