World History Test – Flashcards
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What city was the center of the Byzantine Empire?
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Constantinople
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What was Justinian's goal as emperor?
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Restore Roman empire
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Who was killed on March 15, 44 BC?
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Julius Caesar
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What did Caesar have to build in order to invade Germania?
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A 400 yard bridge
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What advantages did roads give to the Roman Empire?
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fast transportation for legions
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Who was Rome's first emperor
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Augustus
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What was unique about Rome's concrete
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volcanic sand (pozzolana) made it stronger and water proof
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How many aqueducts fed into the city of Rome?
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11
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Which emperor was mostly responsible for most of the aqueducts in Rome?
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Claudius
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What ancient engineering concept did the Romans perfect and why was it important?
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The arch It was strong, powerful, and used less material
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What did the keystone do?
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Evenly distributed weight throughout the arch
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Who invaded and contributed to the decline of Charlemagne's empire?
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Vikings
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What factors successfully helped the Vikings invade Europe?
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good ship builders and sailers
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Why was land the most important gift a lord could give?
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supported vassal and family, trade and wealth based on land
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Why was feudalism necessary and why did it develop?
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People turned to a local aristocrat to protect them
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Describe the benefits granted a vassal under feudalism
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granted the vassal land
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What was a vassal's primary obligation to his lord?
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preform military service 40 days a year
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List 3 features of chivalry
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1. defend defenseless people 2. treat captives as guests 3. fight only for glory
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Velarium
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In a Roman amphitheater, the cloth awning that could be rolled down from the top of the cavea to shield spectators from sun or rain.
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What was used to pay for the colosseum and who was enslaved to build it?
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Jewish temple and relics from the temple Jews
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Which emperor built the colosseum?
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Tidus/Titus
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Hypogeum
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system of elevators and trap doors
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4 types of events held in the colosseum?
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1. man vs man 2. man vs. animal 3. executions 4. naval battles
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Which Roman Emperor started the construction of the pantheon?
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Hadrian
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rotunda
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a building having a circular plan and a dome
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Why is the pantheon so amazing
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rotunda
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What did engineers do to lighten the dome so it wouldn't collapse?
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walls 20 ft thick, hollow jugs, light cement, recessed panels
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What led to the schism in 1054
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Patriarch and pope both claim to be sole leader of the church
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Who posed the biggest threat to the Byzantine Empire?
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Seljuk Turks
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What did Pope Urban II promise Crusaders if the joined the war?
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forgiveness for sins
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Where did Byzantium get its name from?
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King Byzantus
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What does the word 'byzantine' mean today?
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steaming, old, devious
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What major distinction separates Constantine from other emperors?
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'harnessed power of' Christ
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What was fundamental to the existence of Constantinople?
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water to drink
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What's the major problem with Constantinople
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not enough drinkable water sand few trees
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How long were Byzantium's aqueducts and what symbol was found on them?
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400 miles Christian religious symbols
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How did Byzantine engineers solve the problem of water storage?
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Subterranean tanks
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What 2 reasons explain the importance of the Basilica Cistern?
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1. Provide water all year long 2. Able to build on top
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Who would threaten Constantinople in the 5th century?
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Attila and the Huns
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What did Byzantine do to keep out enemies?
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build walls
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which emperor is given credit for the Constantinople walls?
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Theodocious II
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What great challenge did Byzantine engineers face with building the walls?
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sat on a fault line with a lot of earthquakes
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What is the benefit of lime mortar?
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more flexible, absorbed shocks
