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What was the most important source of soviet resentment about allied conduct of World War 2?

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The slowness of the allies in opening a major second front.

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An important reason why Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill agreed at Casablanca (1943) to demand unconditional surrender of the Axis powers was to

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reassure the Russians that they would not be left abandoned to fight on alone.

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At Yalta (1945), the Soviet Union gained territorial concessions in Asia in return for agreeing to

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enter the war against Japan.

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With respect to the countries of Europe liberated from Nazi control, the Yalta Conference provided for

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interim governments and subsequent free elections.

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President Truman's initial approach to negotiating with the Soviets

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was followed by significant American concessions at Potsdam.

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When it became evident that Chiang Kai-shek's nationalist forces were losing the Chinese civil war to Mao Zedong's Communists, the Truman administration devoted increased attention to the revitalization of what nation as a strong pro-Western force in Asia?

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Japan

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The concept of the policy of containment was most closely associated with

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George F. Kennan

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The Truman Doctrine was initially promulgated in conjunction with U.S. assistance against Soviet pressures in

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Greece and Turkey.

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The result of the Marshall Plan aid to the countries of Western Europe was that

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the recipient nations underwent a remarkable economic recovery.

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Four of the following were significant features of the National Security Act of 1947. Which is the exception?

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It abolished the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

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Truman's response to the Berlin blockade was to

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airlift all necessary supplies into Berlin for almost a year.

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The NATO agreement (1949) required that every member must

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consider an attack on one as an attack on all.

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Following their defeat in 1949 by the Chinese Communists under Mao, Chiang Kai-shek and his nationalist followers

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fled to the island of Formosa (Taiwan).

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Which of the following is NOT an accurate explanation of why the United States avoided the general economic collapse that many feared would occur in 1946/1947 following the end of World War II?

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military spending remained almost at wartime levels due to the Cold War

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Truman's domestic social and economic program after World War II was known as the

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Fair Deal

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The significance of the midterm elections of 1946 was that

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the Republicans won control of both the House and the Senate.

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Truman's position on the Taft-Hartley Act was favorable to

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Organized labor

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In 1948, Strom Thurmond and the "Dixiecrats" opposed Truman's policy on _________, whereas Henry A. Wallace and the Progressives opposed Truman's _________ policy.

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civil rights, confrontational Cold War

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After the election of 1948, Truman succeeded in getting four of the following parts of his domestic program passed. Which one did Congress NOT approve?

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creation of the Fair Employment Practices Commission

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When Japanese control of Korea ended as a result of Japanese defeat in World War II, Korea was

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divided into United States and Soviet zones of occupation.

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What was the primary cause of the stalemate in Korea?

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Chinese intervention in the conflict

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Which of the following was part of the Truman administration's "loyalty" program?

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the McCarran Act

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Communism-

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-everything is shared equally -little private ownership -the social system based on collective ownership of all productive property

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Iron Curtain

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Term for the barrier that Stalin erected to block off Soviet-dominated nations of Eastern Europe from the West

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Satellite nations

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-Eastern European countries conquered by the U.S.S.R. during the Cold War -Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and East Germany

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Containment policy and US foreign policy

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-George Kennan -threat of Soviet Union should be contained

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Truman Doctrine-1947 -

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-Stated that the U.S. would support any nation -threatened by Communism -$400 million aid to Turkey and Greece

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Marshall Plan-

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-Introduced by Secretary of State George G. Marshall in 1947 -he proposed massive and systematic American economic aid to Europe to revitalize the European economies after WWII -help prevent the spread of Communism -$12 billion in economic aid to Europe

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Berlin Airlift

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-Stalin cut off Berlin -US provided food, goods, to citizens of Berlin by Aircrafts

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Events that heightened the fear of Americans toward Communism

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-Fall of China to Communism -Soviet Union has own nuclear weapon

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NATO

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-The new anti-Soviet organization of Western nations that ended the long-time American tradition of not joining permanent military alliances -peacetime alliance

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United Nations

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-an international organization formed in 1945 to increase political and economic cooperation among member countries -works on economic and social development programs, improving human rights and reducing global conflicts

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Warsaw Pact-

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-To counter the NATO buildup, the Soviets formed this military organization with the nations of Eastern Europe -gave Russia an excuse for garrisoning troops in these countries

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Mao Zedong-

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-Mao Tse-Tung led the Communists in China -Maoism (communism) -Because of the failure to form a coalition government between Chiang Kai-Shek(nationalists) and the -Communists, civil war broke out in China after WWII -US supported nationalists -The Communists won in 1949, but the new government was not recognized by much of the world, including the U.S.

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Korean War-

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-June 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea -US tought it was Soviet Union's act, so increased military -North Korea pushed back the 38th parallel -China supports North Korea, November 25th -General MacArthur wanted to fight China, Truman fires him -July 1953, President Eisenhower agreed to division of -North Korea at 38th parallel, a demilitarized zone

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Douglas MacArthur

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-leader of PAcific front WWII -wanted to fight China in big war -fired by Truman

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McCarthy and McCarthyism

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-senator from wisconsin -accused state department of being communists -claimed to have a list of their names (250) -kept making accusations and blacklists but had no actual proof -people saw him as a bully on national tv -The Crucible- about him

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Rosenbergs

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-convicted of giving a bomb secrets to Soviet Union -sentenced to death

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Alger Hiss

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-an aid to FDR -accused of sharing 65 documents -sentenced to 5 years of jail for perjury

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Potsdam- July 1945

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-Truman, Stalin, Churchill gave Japan an ultimatum to surrender -Truman hinted to Stalin that we had the atomic bomb hold Stalin to Yalta Conference

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HUAC-house committee of un-american activities

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-second red scare -1945 -investigated suspected communists

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Taft/Hartley Act

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-passed even though Truman vetoed it - outlaw closed-shop, business can't hire only union members

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Yalta-

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-Big Three wartime conference -focus of charges that Roosevelt had "sold out" Eastern -Europe to the Soviet communists -Stalin agreed to have free elections in Eastern Europe, Poland -USSR would join UN -Germany divided into 4 zones

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Hollywood Ten

answer

-10 screenwriters refused to testify to HUAC -sentenced to jail

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