World History test 5 – Flashcards
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Isolation
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Seperate from others
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Gentry
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Social class in China comprised of Confucian scholars, gov officials, landlords, and rich merchants
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Northern to southern
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Population shift during Song Dynasty
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Longevity
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Wood fire earth metal and water
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Hangzhou
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Capital of Song Dynasty
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People in city workshops
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Manufacturers of silk fabric, brocades, and gauzes for elite
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Rice
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Stable food of South China
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Wheat
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Staple food of North China
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Gov language writing and art
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Ways China influenced Japan Korea and Burma
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Stern-post rudders
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Feature of ships built during "Golden Age"
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Aristocracy
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People of high social class or nobility
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Bakufu
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Jap military gov in Kamakura established by Minamoto clan
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Samurai
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Lesser warriors of Japan's feudal age
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Shogun
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Jap military commander
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Daimyo
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Warrior lords of Japan's feudal age
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Initiating extensive land reform
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Vietnamese Tran Dynasty is known for:
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Instituting universal military mobilization
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Accomplishment of Dinh Tien Hoang
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Arts, politics, farming, and religions
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Ways Chinese influenced Vietman
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Bonzes
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Vietnam social class exempt from taxes and military service
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Ly Bi & Trieu Quang Phuc
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Who led revolts against Liang Dynasty:
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Kamakura
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Japan's alternate gov headquarters
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Gifts of land
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How soldiers and Samaris were rewarded under feudal system
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Ashikaga Takauji
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Who overthrew Kamakura gov:
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Heiji War
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Civil war between Tairi and Minamoto clans
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Feudalism
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System of rights and obligations between lords and vassals
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Manorialism
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System where land was rented to tenants by a lord; structure that define a peasants relationship to the lord of the manor
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Doge
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Cheif magistrate
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Autonomous
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Right of self government
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Duchy
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Duke or duchess' territory
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Cosmopolitan
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City containing people from many different countries
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Bailiff
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Collected rents and dues
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Reece
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Intermediary between peasants and higher officials
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Steward
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Head of manorial court
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Serfs
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Peasants who belonged to their masters almost as property
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Provision of Magna Carta
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Right of free men to be tried and sentenced by a jury of their equals
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Italian city-states
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Florence Venice Rome Milan
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Opposed loaning money at interest
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Catholic Church
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As separate group
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Rep. Of Parliament met as ____
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Fiefs
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Land grants in England
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Demesne
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Best land on the manor
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Characteristics of cities:
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Ev elation of crafts and specialized trades, diverse people, different community.
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True
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In England the Knights and burgesses met together, forming the basis of House of Commons.
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Mercantile
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Word relating to trade, merchants, and their characteristics
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Guilds
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Professional organization of merchants or artisans
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Curtsey
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Act of respect in which woman slightly bow down
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Dowry
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Money, goods, and property that a woman brings to her husband in marriage
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Increase in Europe's food supply increased:
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Peasant population
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Goods from India and China into Europe:
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Spices perfumes and silks
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Islamic states of Iberia and Sicily gave ideas on:
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Urban planning, architecture, math, astronomy, and medicine.
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Plow
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Farm tool that made it possible to open up fertile lands of Europe
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Barter economy
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Goods are traded for other goods
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Responsibilities of a guild:
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Regulating prices and competition, protecting members interest against outsiders, organizing religious festivals and banquets
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40 yrs
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Average lifespan of women in medieval Europe
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Trade
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In 12th century replaced agriculture in Euro economy
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Girls of noble families were educated by:
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Being sent to live with another noble family
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Golden Age
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Stunning period of development and innovation in China during Tang and Song dynasties
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Ways Chinese used steel and iron:
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To make chains for suspension bridges; to make farming tools
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Silk
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Highly prized fabric in China
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Observing patterns in the sky
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Chinese believed they could predict major political and military events by:
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Chinese
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Controlled Vietnam for 1000+ yrs beginning in 200BC
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Ly dynasty
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Vietnamese dynasty where Buddhism became state religion
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Estates-General
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Rep from clergy and nobility
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Important trade center with the East and Byzantine Empire
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Why Italian city-states were Eco prosperous:
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Foodstuff and timber
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Good Euro sent East in trade
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Christianity
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Religion that United Euro
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Families of bride and groom
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Marriages arranged in Medieval Euro society
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Jousting tournaments
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Activity women attended in Medieval Europe
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Tariff
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Tax on imported goods
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Chinese Jin and Xia dynasties disrupted trade with Mongols
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Reason for Mongols to begin conquest
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Mongols occupied territory in Russia
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What happened during reign of Ogodei Khan
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Mamluks
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Professional soldiers with strong military skills
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Mongols were successful in creating large empire because the incorporated the groups they captured
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True
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Uyghur Turks
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Mongols incorporated who into their military forces?
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Genghis Khan personally led invasions against:
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Tanguts and Jin dynasty
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Pastoral nomadic
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Mongol lifestyle
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After conquering urban centers of Central Asia, Mongol troops were ordered to stay and occupy conquered lands.
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True
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Ogodei Khan
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Leader that oversaw greatest territorial expansion of Mongol Empire
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Mamluks
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From Egypt
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Fitted with horseshoes
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Advantage Mamluks had over Mongols
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Mongol Empire
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At its heigh covered Eurasia and Northeastern Euro to the Pacific Ocean
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Genghis Khan died following military campaign against:
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Central Asians
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Silk
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Highly prized fabric in China
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Observing patterns in the sky
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Chinese believed they could predict major political and military events by:
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Chinese
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Controlled Vietnam for 1000+ yrs beginning in 200BC
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Patronize
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At as patron or supporter of the arts
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Commission
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To assign a person a task
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Artisan
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Craftsperson
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Persian arts that reflect Chinese artistic styles
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Phoenix, dragon motifs, clouds, landscapes, and trees
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Moscow
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Russian city a significant cultural center during Mongol rule
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24 miles
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Radius between Journey stations throughout Mongol Empire
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Pax Mongolica
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Mongolian peace when Mongols promoted interstate relations; security and safety guaranteed to travelers
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Kublai Khan
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Mongol leader known as patron of the arts
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Consequences of Mongol rule in China
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Adoption of Square Script; decrease in N China population
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Pattern of Mongol settlement in Russia
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Only built up cities deemed vitally important
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Chinese Persian and Russian sources
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Stereotyped Mongols as barbaric plunderers
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Genoa
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During Mongol rule China entered trade agreement with this Euro city
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Mongol rule
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Eco expansion; safety and stability; intercultural exchange of ideas
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Inflation
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Increase in supply of currency or credit relate to availability of goods resulting in higher prices
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Khanate
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Territory of a khan
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Typhoon winds destroyed Mongol fleet
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Reason Mongol invasions of Japan failed
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Yuan dynasty
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Established by Kublai Khan
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Hongwu Emporer
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Founder of Ming dynasty
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Lowered land taxes and divided up large land estates
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Ways Hongwu Emporer improved life for peasants
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Batu and Orda
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Who established khanate of Golden Horde?
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Fall of Baghdad
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Hulegu's greatest military accomplishment
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Major turning point in Mongol Empire
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Death of Mongke Khan in 1259
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Counterfeiting
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Problem when Ming gov failed to issue enough copper coins
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Divided into chapters
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Characteristic of Ming novels
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Disease and weather
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Factors that forced Mongols to withdraw from SE Asia
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Kublai Khan
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Mongol leader conquered China and Song in 1280
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Mamluks
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Drove Mongols out of Syria
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Journey stations
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Used by court messengers and merchants
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Ortoghs
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Associations of caravan merchants
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Zheng He
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Chinese sailor began series of 7 naval expeditions as far as east coast of Africa
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Batu
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Mongol khan that led first successful large-scale winter invasion of Russia
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Vizier
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High ranking officer in Islamic state
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Emirate
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Territory of an emir or ruler of Islamic state
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Caliphate
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Territory caliph rules over
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Confederacy
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Alliance of people or states
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Sultan
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Common title for Muslim ruler
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Fatimids
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Enemies of the Seljuks
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Mahmuh
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Famous ruler of Ghaznavid Empire
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500 yrs
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Abbasid rule
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Fatimids
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Controlled Maghrib following the Aghlabids
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Mamluks
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Turkic slave soldiers in Egypt
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Baghdad, Iraq
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Abbasid capital moved from Damascus, Syria to:
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Umayyad influence in Spanish culture
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Language art and architecture
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Ghaznavids
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Group responsible for introducing Islam to India
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Mystical
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Having direct communion with God
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Tariqa
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Sufi order
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Dhikr
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Meditation
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Sufism Golden Age
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After Mongol Invasion
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Surf ism practiced
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In Pakistan, Sudan, Egypt, Central Asia, North Africa, India, and Indonesia
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Muhammad
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Chief prophet of Sufism
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Sufism borrows beliefs and rituals from:
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Christianity, judaism, Hinduism, Islam, Jewish, Zoroastrian, Gnostic, Hellenistic
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Twelfth century
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Sufi orders began when?
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Sufi rituals involve:
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Singing and dancing
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Sufis believe:
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Meditation; God is responsible for all actions
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Who practices Sufism?
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Ordinary people
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Songhai
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Madi faded under the rising power of:
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Invasion of Moroccans
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Factor that contributed to the fall of Songhai empire
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Architects were sent to Timbuktu to build:
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Mosques libraries and public buildings
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Couns il of Chalcedon
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Despite discussing Jesus nature
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Almoravids
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Introduced Ghana to Islam in mid eleventh century
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Askia Muhammad
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Ruler of Songhai Empire
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Monks
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Wrote and interpreted history and traditions of Ethiopian kingdom
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Ethiopian churches during lalibela's reign
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Carved out of solid rock
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Ethiopia
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Oldest continuous African nation state
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Causeway
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Raised roadway across a body of water
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Chinampa
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Artificial island built on a lake that Is used for agriculture
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Calpulli
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Aztec kinship group that practiced a specific trade or skill
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Pilli
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Aztec nobility
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Causeway
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Raised roadway across a body of w
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Chinampa
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Artificial island built on a lake that Is used for agriculture
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Calpulli
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Aztec kinship group that practiced a specific trade or skill
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Tenochtitlán
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Currently Mexico City
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Last day of Aztec 52 yr cycle:
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Gods decided wether to destroy humans and world
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Aztec capital
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Where an eagle sitting in a cactus is eating a snake
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What young men learned in Aztec public schools:
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History of aztecs, civic duties of citizens, art of warfare
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Purpose of Aztec war:
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Acquire captives for sacrifice
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Common Aztec sacrifice:
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Voluntary bloodletting
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Aztec ritual year
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260 days
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Pilli
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Aztec nobility
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Macehualles
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Aztec commoners
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Subordinate
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Being lower in ranking or status to another person
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Tlacatecuhth
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"Chief of men" at tip of Aztec religious hierarchy
