Ap world ch 23 – Flashcards
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Martin Luther's criticism of the Roman Catholic Church was greatly aided by
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the printing press.
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Martin Luther's work had an enthusiastic popular support because
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-he attacked the sale of indulgences that the poor could not afford. -many Christians shared his concern about the corruption of the Church. -many German princes saw this as a way to break away from the Church. -he supported the translation of the Bible from Latin into the vernacular languages
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What political motivations encouraged the spread of Protestantism?
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Protestantism provided monarchs an opportunity to break away from the political domination of Rome.
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In response to the challenges raised by the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church
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summoned a council to clarify doctrine and strengthen their spiritual commitment
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What was the principle work of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits)?
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to be disciplined, educated representatives of the Church throughout the world
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One reason for the hysterical witch-hunts of the sixteenth century was that
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the conflicts of the Reformation contributed to a climate of suspicion and violence.
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The Thirty Years' War began when
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the Holy Roman Emperor tried to force his Bohemian subjects to return to Catholicism.
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Who benefited most from the religious controversy generated by the Reformation?
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centralizing monarchs, because they gained more independent authority.
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Which of the following was not part of Charles V's holdings?
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England
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Charles V was unable to forge a united empire for all of the following reasons except
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-The Lutheran challenge sapped much of his attention. -French kings undermined his efforts and allied themselves with his enemies. -There was no central administration to the empire; each state was governed separately. -His empire was geographically fragmented. EXCEPT: He alienated the pope for failing to crush Luther.
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The new monarchs were characterized by all of the following except
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-large centrally administered bureaucracies. -standing professional armies. -increased state revenues through taxes. -enhanced power at the expense of the nobles. EXCEPT: a commitment to individual liberty.
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The Spanish Inquisition relied on religious justifications to advance what political ends?
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discouraging the Spanish nobles from adopting Protestantism.
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Seventeenth-century constitutional monarchies are characterized by all of the following except
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the election of the monarch by the merchant class.
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According to the divine-right theory of government,
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the king derives his authority from God alone and is not accountable to his subjects.
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Louis XIV managed to control the nobles of France and their activities by
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requiring the nobility to live at Versailles where he could distract them and keep an eye on them.
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The reforms of Peter I included all of the following except:
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-offering better pay for peasants who served for life as professional soldiers. -forcing his subjects to adopt western European fashions. EXCEPT: forming a council of nobles to advise him on how best to improve the lives of serfs. building the city of St. Petersburg to serve as a base of -providing extensive training and modern weapons to soldiers.
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The Peace of Westphalia, which ended of the Thirty Years' War, ensured that
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-Germany remained fragmented. -the nations of Europe would no longer go to war over religion. -each nation was permitted to direct its own internal affairs. -the balance of power was the new principle of European diplomacy.
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The population of Europe grew dramatically in the seventeenth century because of
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improved nutrition with new American food crops.
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New institutions that supported early capitalism included all of the following except
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craft guilds.
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The putting-out system was profitable for all of the following groups except
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the guild members who specialized in specific elements of cloth production such as weaving or dying.
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Which individual is incorrectly paired with a scientific discovery?
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Ptolemy and the moons of Jupiter.
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Galileo's discoveries would not have been possible without
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the telescope.
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Isaac Newton's work seemed to suggest that
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the stars and planets were part of a unified system, governed by the same natural laws.
