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Western Europe in the Renaissance saw

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A decline in serfdom

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The commercial and military association known as the Hansa or Hanseatic League was created by

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North German coastal towns

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The Renaissance figure in the following list who was NOT a leading painter: Michelangelo Petrarch Raphael da Vinci Botticelli

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Petrarch

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This was NOT one of the five major powers that dominated the fifteenth-century Italian peninsula

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Mantua

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Renaissance humanists in Italy

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Had occupations in schools and universities or as secretaries in city-states or at the courts of princes or popes

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In the late fifteenth century, Italy became a battleground for the competing interests of the rulers of

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Spain and France

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The wealth of the northern Italian cities that funded the Renaissance was gained mostly from

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Trade

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The popes of the Renaissance did not do this

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Attempt to return the papacy to more humble times

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The most prominent and famous of Italian ruling woman was

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Isabella d'Este

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This is NOT a characteristic of the Northern Renaissance artists

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Value of the secular human form as the primary subject of painting

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This best describes marriages in Renaissance Italy

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Marriages we're usually arranged, to strengthen familial ties

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Propertyless workers and the unemployed constituted what percentage of the population living in cities

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30-40%

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Banquets during the Renaissance

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We're used to express wealth and power of an aristocratic family

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This was one of the foremost preoccupations of Italian Renaissance art

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The realistic portrayal of the human nude

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Slavery in Renaissance Italy

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Saw slaves from Africa and the eastern Mediterranean used mostly as courtly domestic servants and as skilled workers

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This Italian prince was an example of a skilled, intelligent, independent warrior prince

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Federigo da Montefeltro of Urbino

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The sultan responsible for the capture of Constantinople in 1453

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Mehmet II

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The "new monarchs" of the late fifteenth century in Europe

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Were focused upon the acquisition and expansion of power

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The word Renaissance means

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Rebirth

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The Third Estate of the fifteenth century was

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Overwhelmingly made up of peasants

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John Wyclif criticized the Church for

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Not letting people read the Bible in the vernacular

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According to Jacob Burckhardt, the Renaissance in Italy represented

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A distinct break from the Middle Ages and the true birth of the modern world

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This was NOT true of industries in fifteenth-century Italy

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The Florentine woolen industry never recovered from the economic depression of the fourteenth century

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This individual was the author of The Book of the Courtier, a handbook on courtly manners

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Baldassare Castiglione

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Pico della Mirandola's Oration on the Dignity of Man stated that humans

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Could be whatever they chose or willed

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The aristocracy of the sixteenth century

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Dominated over society as it had done in the Middle Ages

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Machiavelli's The Prince advocates that a successful ruler must

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Act without scruples for the good of the state

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All of the following monarchs were successful in continuing the centralization of their "new monarchies" except

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Maximilian I of the Holy Roman Empire

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This artist painted The Last Supper

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Leonardo da Vinci

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This artist painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

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Michelangelo

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Which ancient writer was considered by civic humanists as their model

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Cicero

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The liberal education taught by Vittorino da Feltre had the primary goal of

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Creating well rounded, virtuous, and ethical citizens

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In Concerning Character, Pietro Paolo Vergerio argued that liberal studies led to

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True freedom

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In Renaissance Italy the importance of the family helps to explain

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The policy of retaliation involved in the vendetta

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Which pair of artists both sculpted a likeness of David

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Donatello and Michelangelo

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Johannes Gutenberg was a key developer of

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The moveable type printing press

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Marriages in Renaissance Italy

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Were an economic necessity of life involving complicated family negotiations

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The Family of merchants and bankers who dominated Florence during the high point of the Renaissance was

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The Medici family

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Humanism's main effect on the writing of history was

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The secularization of the writing of history and the explanation of change over time

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The Byzantine Empire was finally destroyed in 1453 by the

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Ottoman Turks

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The development of printing in the fifteenth century

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Ensured that literacy and new knowledge would spread rapidly in European society

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This literary work of the Renaissance contained writings on the occult as well as theological and philosophical speculations

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Corpus Hermeticum

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The War of the Roses was a civil war in

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England

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The first Italian humanist knowledge of Greek was

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Leonardo Bruni

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The Peace of Lodi served to

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Maintain peace between the Italian States for 40 years

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After 1438, the position of the Holy Roman remained in the hands of the

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Hapsburg dynasty

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The Italian Renaissance was primarily

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A recovery of antiquity and Greco-Roman culture

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The Renaissance papacy

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Was often seen as corrupt and debauched, as evidenced by Alexander VI

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The Book of the Courtier

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A popular handbook laying out new skills in politics, the arts, and personal comportment expected of Renaissance aristocrats

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These monarchs filled their royal council with middle-class lawyers instead of aristocrats, expelled all professed Jews from Spain, reorganized the military forces of Spain, and conquered the last Muslim kingdom of Granada

answer

Ferdinand and Isabella

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