question

What was the most important factor that drew rural people off the farms and into big cities during the period 1865-1900?

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(A) the availability of industrial jobs

question

What occurrence directly spurred the abandonment of wood construction for brick and steel in the downtown districts of most American cities?

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(D) The changing preference of architects such a Louis Sullivan toward designing steel and brick structures

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All of the following characterized the New Immigrants who came to the US from 1880 to 1900 EXCEPT

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(D) they made substantial efforts to convert Americans to Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, or Judaism

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What vital function did big-city political bosses and their machines perform in managing the social and economic demands of the new urban environment?

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(B) In exchange for political support, they provided many urban immigrants with jobs and social services that permitted these New Immigrants to raise a family, earn a livelihood, and escape abject poverty

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All of the following characterized the settlement-house movement led by leaders lie Jane Addams, Lillian Wald, and Florence Kelley EXCEPT that it

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(D) studiously avoided becoming involved in international efforts to advance worldwide peace and condemn war

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In the 1890's, which group of women had a nearly exclusive hold on available white-collar positions as secretaries, department store clerks, and telephone operators?

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(D) Native-born women

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Which of the following was NOT a reason that many labor unions favored government-imposed restrictions on immigration?

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(E) Immigrants were not willing or able to work in factory environments

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Which of the following represents the best example of liberal Protestantism's effort to accommodate religion to modern scientific theories such as Darwinism?

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(D) Proclaiming that Darwinism was an updated, authentic, and grander revelation of the ways of God

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Which were the two major sources of funding for the powerful new American research universities?

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(B) state land grants and wealthy philanthropic industrialists

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What was the most important reason why Americans offered increasing support for the establishment of free public education system?

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(B) because Americans accepted the idea that a free government and a republic cannot function effectively without educated citizens

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Which statement best reflects the different approaches of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B DuBois toward black education?

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(A) W.E.B. DuBois believed that African Americans should develop a talented tenth, while Booker T. Washington emphasized manual labor and industrial training for African Americans

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How did American newspaper publishers expand their circulation and attract public attention in the late 19th century?

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(E) Printing sensationalist stories of sex, corruption, and scandal

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What development prompted American novelists' turn from romanticism and transcendentalism to rugged social realism?

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(D) the materialism and conflicts of the new industrial society

question

By 1900, a new generation of woman suffrage advocates emphasized all of the following EXCEPT

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(B) forming strong alliances with African Americans seeking voting rights

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The major factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the big cities was the a. development of the skyscraper. b. availability of industrial jobs. c. compact nature of those large communities. d. advent of new housing structures known as dumbbell tenements. e. lure of cultural excitement.

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b. availability of industrial jobs.

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The development of electric trolleys in the late nineteenth century transformed the American city by a. ending horse-drawn transportation in the city. b. enabling cities to build upward as well as outward. c. separating the mass transportation of the working class from the private vehicles of the wealthy. d. enabling cities to plan streets along regular grid lines. e. creating distinct districts devoted to residential neighborhoods, commerce, and industry.

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b. enabling cities to build upward as well as outward.

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One of the early symbols of the dawning era of consumerism in urban America was a. mass-production factories. b. the Sears catalog. c. advertising billboards. d. public transportation systems. e. large department stores.

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e. large department stores.

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Which one of the following has the least in common with the other four? a. Slums b. Dumbbell tenements c. Bedroom communities d. Flophouses e. The "Lung Block"

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c. Bedroom communities

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The two immigrant ethnic groups who were most harshly treated in the mid to late nineteenth century were the a. Spanish and Greeks. b. Irish and Chinese. c. Germans and Swedes. d. Japanese and Filipinos. e. French and Russians.

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b. Irish and Chinese.

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Most Italian immigrants to the United States between 1880 and 1920 came to escape a. political oppression. b. famine. c. the political disintegration of their country. d. the military draft. e. the poverty and backwardness of southern Italy.

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e. the poverty and backwardness of southern Italy.

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By the late nineteenth century, most of the Old Immigrant groups from northern and Western Europe a. actively promoted the idea of a multicultural America. b. were still regarded with suspicion and hostility by the majority of native Americans. c. had largely abandoned their ethnically based churches, clubs, and neighborhoods. d. were largely accepted as American, even though they often lived in separate ethnic neighborhoods. e. still maintained a primary loyalty to their country of origin, especially Ireland or Germany.

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d. were largely accepted as American, even though they often lived in separate ethnic neighborhoods.

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New Immigrant groups were regarded with special hostility by many nativist Americans because a. most Americans considered Italian, Greek, or Jewish culture inferior to their own. b. many New Immigrants attempted to convert Americans to Catholicism, Orthodox Christianity, or Judaism. c. in many New Immigrant families, women were kept in distinctly subordinate roles. d. New Immigrants were often more politically loyal to their homelands than to the United States. e. their religions were distinctly different and some New Immigrants were politically radical.

answer

a. most Americans considered Italian, Greek, or Jewish culture inferior to their own.

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Prominent Protestant pastors like Walter Rauschenbusch and Washington Gladden argued that a. the ancient Bible should be replaced by more modern scientific sociology and social theory. b. the Christian Gospel required that churches address poverty and other burning social issues of the day. c. the churches were in danger of being taken over by anti-intellectual fundamentalism. d. it was up to women to lead the church in an age of industrial democracy. e. the clergy should become the advance guard of a militant working class revolution.

answer

b. the Christian Gospel required that churches address poverty and other burning social issues of the day.

question

The Darwinian theory of organic evolution through natural selection affected American religion by a. turning most scientists against religion. b. creating a split between religious conservatives who denied evolution and accomodationists who supported it. c. raising awareness of the close spiritual kinship between animals and human beings. d. causing a revival of the doctrine of original sin. e. sparking the rise of new denominations based on modern science.

answer

a. turning most scientists against religion.

question

Besides serving immigrants and the poor in urban neighborhoods, settlement workers like Jane Addams and Florence Kelley a. actively lobbied for social reforms like anti-sweatshop laws and child labor laws. b. created the new, largely female profession of teaching. c. looked down on the immigrant populations they served. d. saw themselves primarily as feminists who worked to advance women's causes. e. steered clear of controversial international questions like war and peace.

answer

a. actively lobbied for social reforms like anti-sweatshop laws and child labor laws.

question

Settlement houses, such as Hull House, engaged in all of the following activities except a. child care. b. instruction in English. c. cultural activities. d. evangelical religious instruction. e. lobbying for social reform.

answer

d. evangelical religious instruction.

question

Labor unions favored immigration restriction because most immigrants were all of the following except a. opposed to factory labor. b. used as strikebreakers. c. willing to work for lower wages. d. difficult to unionize. e. non-English speaking.

answer

a. opposed to factory labor.

question

The two major sources of funding for the powerful new American research universities were a. tuition paid by undergraduate students and fees charged to those served by the universities. b. state land grants and wealthy, philanthropic industrialists. c. the federal government and local communities. d. income from successful patents and corporate research grants. e. churches and numerous private individual donors.

answer

b. state land grants and wealthy, philanthropic industrialists.

question

The pragmatists were a school of American philosophers who emphasized a. the provisional and fallible nature of knowledge and the value of ideas that solved problems. b. that ideas were largely worthless and only practical experience should be pursued. c. that the traditional Greek ideals of Plato and Aristotle should be revived. d. that scientific experimentation provided a new and absolutely certain basis for knowledge. e. that most academic knowledge was based on bourgeois ideas that oppressed the working class.

answer

a. the provisional and fallible nature of knowledge and the value of ideas that solved problems.

question

Booker T. Washington believed that the key to political and civil rights for African Americans was a. the vote. b. rigorous academic training. c. the rejection of accommodationist attitudes. d. to directly challenge white supremacy. e. economic independence and education

answer

e. economic independence and education

question

Black leader, Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois a. demanded complete equality for African Americans. b. established an industrial school at Tuskegee, Alabama. c. supported the goals of Booker T. Washington. d. was an ex-slave who rose to fame. e. None of these

answer

a. demanded complete equality for African Americans.

question

The two late-nineteenth-century newspaper publishers whose competition for circulation fueled the rise of sensationalistic yellow journalism were a. Horatio Alger and Harlan E. Halsey. b. Henry Adams and Henry James. c. Henry George and Edward Bellamy. d. William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer. e. Edwin L. Godkin and Stephen Crane.

answer

d. William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer.

question

Edward Bellamy's novel, Looking Backward, inspired numerous late-nineteenth-century social reformers by a. demonstrating that women's work in the home was seriously undervalued. b. showing how a single tax on land speculation would end poverty. c. portraying the sufferings of an immigrant worker in Chicago's stockyard meat industry. d. showing the hypocrisy of the urban wealthy. e. portraying a utopian America in the year 2000, where nationalized industry had solved all social problems.

answer

e. portraying a utopian America in the year 2000, where nationalized industry had solved all social problems.

question

Which of the following prominent post-Civil War writers did not reflect the increased attention to social problems by those from less affluent backgrounds? a. Mark Twain b. William Dean Howells c. Stephen Crane d. Kate Chopin e. Henry Adams

answer

e. Henry Adams

question

In the course of the late nineteenth century a. the birthrate increased. b. the divorce rate fell. c. family size gradually declined. d. people tended to marry at an earlier age. e. children were seen as a greater economic asset.

answer

e. children were seen as a greater economic asset.

question

By 1900, advocates of women's suffrage a. acknowledged that women were biologically weaker than men but claimed that they deserved the vote anyway. b. temporarily abandoned the movement for the vote. c. formed strong alliances with African Americans seeking voting rights. d. argued that the vote would enable women to extend their roles as mothers and homemakers to the public world. e. insisted on the inherent political and moral equality of men and women.

answer

d. argued that the vote would enable women to extend their roles as mothers and homemakers to the public world.

question

One of the most important factors leading to an increased divorce rate in the late nineteenth century was the a. decline in farm income. b. stresses of urban life. c. emerging feminist movement. d. passage of more liberal divorce laws. e. decline of religious organizations.

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b. stresses of urban life.

question

Reflecting women's increasing independence in the late 1890s, author and feminist Charlotte Perkins Gilman supported all of the following except a. women abandoning their dependent status. b. women seeking power via their roles as wives and mothers. c. notions that biology made women fundamentally different from men. d. centralized nurseries and cooperative kitchens. e. women becoming productive members of the economy as workers.

answer

c. notions that biology made women fundamentally different from men.

question

The National American Woman Suffrage Association a. achieved its central political goal in 1898. b. conducted an integrated campaign for equal rights. c. abandoned the goals of Susan Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. d. elected Ida B. Wells as its president. e. limited its membership to whites.

answer

e. limited its membership to whites.

question

The federal gov't contributed to the building of the national rail network by

answer

Providing free grants of federal land to the railroad companies

question

The most efficient and public minded of the early railroad building industrialists was

answer

James J. Hill

question

The railroad most significantly stimulated America industrialization by

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creating a single national market for raw materials and consumer goods

question

The railroad barons aroused considerable public opposition by practices such as

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stock watering and bribery of public officials

question

The railroads affected the concept of time in the U.S most by

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Standardizing it with 4 time zones across the country

question

The first important federal effort at regulating industry was

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The Interstate Commerce Act

question

$$ Financier J.P Morgan attained much of his economic power by$$

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Consolidating rival industries through "interlocking directorates"

question

Two late-19th century technological inventions that especially drew women out of the home and into the workforce were

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The typewriter and the telephone

question

Andrew Carnegie's industrial system of "vertical integration" involved

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The combination of all phases of the steel industry into a single org.

question

The large trusts like Stanford Oil and Swift and Armour justified their economic domination of industry because

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Only large scale methods of production and distribution could provide superior products at low prices

question

The oil industry first thrived in the late 1880's by producing

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Kerosene for oil lamps

question

Andrew Carnegie's "Gospel of Wealth" was his belief that

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The wealthy had to be morally responsible

question

The attempt to create an industrialized "New South" in the late 19th century generally failed because

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The South was discriminated against and held down as a supplier of raw materials to northern industry

question

For American workers, industrialization generally meant

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A long term rise in the standard of living but a loss of independence and control of work

question

In contrast to the KOL the American Federation of Labor advocated

answer

Concentrating on improved wages and hours and avoiding social reform

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