question

By the time Europeans arrived in the western hemisphere in the 1490s, most native americans lived in and along

answer

Mexico, Guatemala, and Andes empires

question

Which of the following describes the first ancestors of the Native Americans peoples

answer

migrants from northeastern asia

question

Which of the following describes the first peoples who migrated to the Americas

answer

they had crossed the Bering Strait from Asia

question

What was the foundation for the prosperous native american societies in Mexico, Peru, and the Mississippi River Valley

answer

Productive agriculture, dense populations, a solid burreaucratic state

question

Which of the following statements describes the Maya peoples

answer

they used a calendar system that accurately predicted the eclipses

question

The aztecs lived in which of the present day locales

answer

Central mexico

question

The Hohokams, Mogollon, and Anasazi peoples who lived in present day Arizona and New Mexico around A.D 1000

answer

Developed irrigation systems to gather scarce water

question

Which of the following was characteristic of both the Mississippian and Pueblo peoples

answer

Both peoples developed elaborate ceremonial states

question

Which of the Pueblo peoples built hundreds of miles of straight roads across the desert in the American Southwest to facilitate trade?

answer

the anasazis

question

The Native American settlement known as Cahokia was a

answer

the center for Mississippian culture with communities centered around it

question

Which of the following statements describes Native American peoples east of the Mississippi River?

answer

Built their communities around maize, created chiefdom, and with one individual claiming preeminent power

question

Which of the following was a characteristic of the Aztec, Mayan, and Iroquois civilizations?

answer

They all developed complex farming systems

question

Which of the following describes family life among Native Americans?

answer

Blood relations came first

question

Which of the following describes trading relationships among Native Americans in the period before European contact?

answer

the trade of war prisoners kept stable relations while more stable tribes helped other tribes in economic need

question

Which of the following features characterized most Native North Americans' spiritual views and practices?

answer

animists who worshipped dreams and visions and believed in mysterious forces in nature

question

Which of the following statements describes the status of European monarchs in 1450?

answer

European monarchs benefitted from their subjects in money and resources but the authority was challenged by nobles

question

The social order in Europe around 1450 can be described as

answer

peasants who were ruled by nobles, while a kings power came from nobility, church, and village

question

Which of the following characteristics did traditional European, Mayan, and Aztec civilizations of the fifteenth century hold in common?

answer

they were all hierarchal societies with social classes

question

Typically, when an English woman of the fifteenth century married, she

answer

gives up possession of all of her properties and gives it to her husband b. is given her husbands surname

question

Which of following is the name for the European practice wherein the eldest son inherited nearly all of his father's estate?

answer

primogeniture

question

In 1450, the majority of European men were which of the following?

answer

peasants

question

On the eve of European colonization of the Americans, most Western Europeans lived in

answer

France, Spain, England

question

The European Renaissance began in 1300 in which of the following countries?

answer

italy

question

Which of the following Renaissance-era ideologies celebrated public virtue and service to the state?

answer

civic humanism

question

Which European nation was the first to involve itself in exploration of the Atlantic as a route to Asia and the African slave trade?

answer

Portugal

question

Merchants from which of the following countries made inroads in the Arab-dominated trade routes of the Mediterranean in the twelfth century?

answer

Italy

question

The rise of commerce in most of Europe in the fifteenth century shifted the balance of power by favoring which of the following groups?

answer

monarchs

question

Which Europeans were represented by guilds in the fifteenth century?

answer

artisans

question

As it gained power in Europe, Roman and medieval Catholicism contended with pre-Christian festivals and the agricultural cycle by

answer

Transforming animist festivals into holy days

question

Why were the Crusades, which took place between 1096 and 1291 A.D., significant in Europe?

answer

They intensified Europe's Christian identity and prompted the persecution of jews in many countries

question

Which of the following was a result of the Crusades, which took place between 1096 and 1291 A.D.?

answer

they introduced merchants to trade routes and to sugar

question

The first phase of the Reformation in the 1500s had its greatest success in which of the following countries?

answer

germany

question

Martin Luther advocated which of the following ideas?

answer

the bible and ultimate authority

question

John Calvin and Calvinist theologians of the 1500s stressed which of the following ideas?

answer

predestination

question

In West Africa, the Ghana Empire (800 A.D. to 1200 A.D.), the Mali Empire (1200s to the 1400s), and the fifteenth-century Songhai Empire shared which of the following characteristics?

answer

composed of smaller vessel kingdoms and relied on military might to control trade routes, abundant in gold

question

Most of the people living in West Africa when European trade began in the early fifteenth century were

answer

polytheistic and animists

question

Which of the following factors prevented Europeans from seeking to conquer territory in Africa in the fifteenth century?

answer

well defended, yellow fever, malaria and dysentery

question

Which of the following statements describes the Portuguese connection to African slavery in the 1400s?

answer

Portuguese set up trading poss to exploit and redirect slave trade to plantations and Europe

question

Why was the fifteenth-century marriage of Queen Isabel and King Ferdinand of Spain significant?

answer

It combined the two separate kingdoms that he promised

question

On October 12, 1492, Columbus, his men, and his ships reached

answer

the Bahamas

question

Why had Christopher Columbus faded from public view by the time he died in 1506?

answer

he failed to find gold or kingdoms that he promised

question

Which of the following motivations drove the Spanish conquistadors who followed Columbus to the Americas in the early sixteenth century?

answer

noble titles, vast estates, and Indian laborers

question

Which of the following factors eased the Spaniards' conquest of the Aztecs in the sixteenth century?

answer

disease

question

Which of the following statements describes the impact of the Columbian Exchange?

answer

An exchange of foods, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas

question

Why did the number of Indians living in Mesoamerica decline from about 30 million in the fifteenth century to approximately 3 million by 1650?

answer

disease and warfare

question

Which of the following explorers is correctly matched with his area of exploration?

answer

Hernam Cortes: aztec Fransisco Pizarro: Inca/Peru

question

Why were the modern-day countries of Mexico and Peru originally Spain's most significant conquests?

answer

They achieved much wealth and were outnumbered

question

Which of the following statements characterizes the legacy of the Spanish conquest in the New World in the sixteenth century?

answer

one of the greatest demographic disasters in World History

question

During most of the sixteenth century, which of the following was the wealthiest nation in Europe?

answer

Spain

question

How did the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro conquer the Incans by 1535?

answer

disease and division/ rivalries with the natives

question

In the sixteenth century, the Spanish crown granted encomiendas to which of the following groups?

answer

missing

question

The encomiendas granted by the Spanish crown in the sixteenth century consisted of

answer

allowed them to claim tribute in labor and goods from Indian communities

question

By the mid-1500s, Spain's main goal in North America was to

answer

gain wealth from silver and gold

question

Which of the following diseases were introduced into Europe by Christopher Columbus's sailors after their journey to the Americas in the 1490s?

answer

syphilis

question

Which of the following statements describes the significance of the arrival of New World crops, including maize and potatoes, in Europe and Asia after the 1500s?

answer

very beneficial foods that increased profits and populations in many countries

question

What caused the Spanish Netherlands revolt against Spanish rule in 1566?

answer

they wanted to protect their Calvinist faith and liberties

question

King Henry VIII started the English Reformation by

answer

breaking off with the church and creating the Anglican Church

question

Which of the following was an outcome of Elizabeth I's compromise on the Church of England in the late 1500s?

answer

King Philip sent a Spanish Armada to England to restore Catholicism and then wipe out Calvinism in Holland

question

The main motive for King Philip II's attack on England in 1588 was to

answer

Restore the Roman church

question

Two hundred thousand Spaniards from Castile migrated to America in the 1500s in order to escape

answer

Military service

question

Why was the influx of American gold and silver into the English economy during the sixteenth century significant?

answer

merchantrism , it allowed England the wealth and merchant fleet to challenge Spain in the Americas

question

Which of the following was true of the English outwork textile industry that emerged around 1500?

answer

Merchants bought wool from wool from great estates and sent it out to landless peasants to spin into cloth

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