History Chapter 15 Answers – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
"Europe First" strategy
answer
allies focused mostly on Europe allies pursued this strategy by taking down germany japan and then italy
question
U-Boat "wolf packs"
answer
German U-boats that hunted in groups and often attacked at night.
question
General Eisenhower's North African Campaign
answer
commanded the allied invasion of North Africa
question
George S. Patton
answer
american forces in north Africa were under the command of him. he was an innovative tank commander. known as "blood and guts"
question
unconditional surrender
answer
giving up completely without any concessions
question
saturation bombing
answer
tactic of dropping massive amount of bombs in order to inflict maximum damage
question
strategic bombing
answer
tactic of dropping bombs on key political and industrial targets
question
Tuskegee Airmen
answer
african american squadron that escorted bombers in the air war over Europe during WWII
question
Chester Nimitz
answer
commander of the US navy in the pacific. he knew the Japanese plans
question
Battle of Midway
answer
turing point of WWII in the pacific, in which the Japanese advanced was stopped
question
Battle of Guadalcanal
answer
first leg strategy to approach Japan from both the southwest pacific and the central pacific, using combined US marine, navy, and army forces
question
Why did Roosevelt support a "Europe First" strategy even though it was Japan that had first attacked the United States?
answer
Roosevelt believed Hitler and Germany were the more dangerous enemy and so had to be defeated first. - he thought Germany the most dangerous enemy. Our allies our in Europe which are threatened by Germany and we were confident that Japan would not threaten the US
question
Describe the horrible conditions during the siege of Stalingrad. Why is this considered a "turning point" in the Eastern Front?
answer
hitler wouldn't let his troops retreat so they were starving and had frost bite. hitter wanted to take Stalingrad because it was named after stalin and stalin wanted to keep it bc it was named after him so he put special courts on Stalingrad. the Russian ran out of guns and bullets so they paired up on person with about 6 bullets and another got a gun so if one person died they would take their gun/bullet and keep fighting - it ended realistic plans hitler had on taking over.
question
Was the Allied invasion of Italy a success? Give reasons for your answer.
answer
yes because it gave allies complete control of the Mediterranean and the invasion of Italy occurred in September which led to Italy's surrender
question
How does the Battle of Midway illustrate the importance of intelligence gathering and espionage in modern warfare?
answer
the US knew the Japanese plans so they could prepare about it.
question
Why is the victory at Midway considered a "turning point" in the central Pacific?
answer
japenes forces never would go on the offensive again
question
A.Philip Randolph's "Double-V" Campaign
answer
victory against fascism abroad and victory against discrimination
question
Executive Order 8802
answer
WWI measure that assured fair hiring practices in any job funded by the gov't
question
CORE
answer
congress of racial equality; an organization that sought to apply nonviolent protest as a means of fighting segregation
question
bracero program
answer
plan that brought laborers from mexico to work on american farms
question
Japanese-American internment and Executive Order 9066
answer
Japanese-American internment - temporary imprisonment of members of a specific group Executive Order 9066 - designated certain areas as war zones from which anyone might be removed for any reason
question
Korematsu v. United States
answer
Japanese americans went to court to seek their rights. the supreme court upheld the gov'ts wartime internment policy
question
442nd Regimental Combat Team
answer
helped counter the notion that Japanese americans were not loyal citizens
question
bonds
answer
millions of americans bought war bonds to save income and invest in the war effort
question
rationing
answer
gov't controlled limits on the amount of certain goods that civilians could buy during wartime
question
Office of War Information
answer
gov't agency that encouraged support of the war effort during WWII
question
Victory Gardens
answer
americans collected paper, scrap metal, and fat. instead of buying anything new, they followed the motto "use it up, wear it out, make it do, and do without"
question
Describe population shifts in the U.S.during WWII.
answer
rural to urban
question
Predict two possible consequences for wartime women factory workers ("Rosie the Riveter") when men began to return from overseas after the war.
answer
wages would go down, and people would be able to keep their jobs because women stay in the work force
question
How were the causes of the Detroit race riots and the Los Angeles Zoot Suit Riots similar?
answer
migration of minorities; different minorities enter in urban areas with the perception that they are taking the white male jobs
question
How much did WWII cost, and how did the government pay for these expenses?
answer
$330 million. tax on all working americans, income tax, and war bonds
question
Do you think the federal government was justified in limiting individual freedom by imposing wage and price controls and by rationing during wartime? Why or why not?
answer
yes, because they had to pay off the debt of the war somehow
question
Why do you think people collected paper, scrap metal, and fats? (look online if you need more information)
answer
the paper was used for shelves, the metal was to build weapons and fats were for food
question
Many labor groups made "no strike" pledges at the start of the war. What was the problem with "wildcat strikes"? [not in textbook--look online)
answer
they did it out of desperation and it led to violence
question
General Eisenhower Supreme Commander Allied forces
answer
commander of all Allied Forces in North Africa and Europe
question
D-Day landing of Europe (Operation Overlord)
answer
June 6, 1944 the day allies landed on the beaches on Normandy France; the allies hit german forces
question
Battle of the Bulge
answer
in Dec 1944, Hitler ordered a counterattack on allied troops in Belgium, but it crippled Germany by using kip reserves and demoralizing its troops
question
V-E Day May, 1945
answer
victory in Europe
question
Harry S. Truman
answer
he became pres. when FDR died. he was up to him to see the nation through the final victory
question
island hopping
answer
WWII strategy that involved seizing selected Japanese-held islands in the pacific while bypassing others
question
kamikaze
answer
Japanese pilots who deliberately crashed planes into american ships during WWII
question
General Douglas MacArthur
answer
the deaths from the kamikaze did not prevent him from retaking the phillipines or the US navy from sinking Japanese ships
question
Manhattan Project
answer
code name of the project that developed the atomic bomb. it cost several billion dollars and employed tens of thousands of people
question
Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan
answer
Hiroshima - Japanese city on which the United States dropped an atomic bomb on August 6, 1945 Nagasaki- Japanese city on which the United States dropped an atomic bomb on August 9, 1945, bringing the Japanese surrender and an end to World War II
question
Emperor Hirohito and V-J Day surrender
answer
Emperor Hirohito - he made the decision to surrender. V-J day surrender -(victory in Japan) Japan surrendered on sep. 2
question
Summarize the arguments for and against an Allied invasion of France before 1944.
answer
stalin wanted to carry more troops to attack the germans in the west because it forced hitler to offend the western parts of the world away from the soviet union. FDR and Churchill said no we won't do that because it would be too expensive and risky and they were not ready
question
Was the D-Day Landing at Normandy, France on June 6, 1944 easy to accomplish? Explain.
answer
no because there was a german bases and they spent years to defend their boarder
question
How did the Battle of the Bulge get its name, and what was the ultimate outcome?
answer
it got its name when the germans attacked the allies and the line budged out but did break
question
What was the fate of the following leaders: Mussolini, Hitler, Franklin Roosevelt
answer
mussolini - he was killed, hanged after losing power hitler - suicide roosevelt - brain damage right before the war Hirohito - was allowed to remain emperor and he didn't have a lot to do with the war he just went with it
question
Describe the situation in Japan as the American forces got closer.
answer
they got ready for the war because they prepared more troops, started kamikazes,
question
What happened at Alamogordo, New Mexico on July 16, 1945, and how will this event affect the war against Japan?
answer
tested the first nuclear bomb which ended the war
question
What effect do you think possession of the atomic bomb will have on the role of the United States in the postwar world?
answer
we'll become a superpower, the soviets would be scared
question
Yalta Conference ("Big Three)
answer
1945 strategy meeting between roosevelt, churchill and stalin said poland bogaria and romania could have free elcetions
question
superpower
answer
powerful country that plays a dominate ecnomic, social, and military role in the worl
question
GATT--General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
answer
international agreement first signed in 1947 aimed at lowering trade barriers
question
United Nations (UN)
answer
organization founded in 1945 to promote peace
question
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
answer
document issued by the UN to promote basic human rights and freedoms
question
Geneva Convention
answer
international agreement governing the humane treatment of wounded
question
Nuremberg Trials
answer
trials in which nazis leaders were charged with war crimes
question
****** What were the major immediate and long-term effects of World War II? *******
answer
Europe and japan lay in ruins european colonies gain independence soviets dominated eastern Europe cold war between US and Soviet union long - america BECOMES a world power us gov't plays a large role in guiding the nations economy pg 502
question
Identify one possible postwar consequence of the Allied disagreements at Yalta and Potsdam.
answer
cold war sphere of influence in Germany occupying armies dictating the term of peace. soviet union won't have a say in Japan
question
How did General MacArthur influence post-war Japan?
answer
abolished armed forces
question
Why do you think Americans supported participation in the UN after World War II when they had opposed participation in the League of Nations after World War I?
answer
we were the leading world power and thought that not being a part of the UN would led to a rise in fascism
question
Summarize the key points of the section "A New American Identity" pp. 502-3.
answer
only a few americans wanted to go back to isolationism or retreat form global responsibilities. they recognized the the economic and political health of america was tied to world peace and economic development
