question

The theory of religion that states that every human, animal, and thing has a supernatural spirit double is:

answer

animism

question

Rites of passage:

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use ritual to mark a person's movement from one status to another

question

While forms of religion may vary, Prof. Griffin argued that all groups include a belief

answer

in a supernatural realm

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A good example of the social control aspect of religions and magic is the potential for an accusation of "witchcraft":

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which tends to fall on those who are disruptive in their behavior causing fights or disputes. ALL OF THESE a power which can be contained in many cultures by simply taking certain medicines or performing certain rituals for the rest of one's life. which tends to fall on those people who don't conform to their culture as well as others.

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Malinowski found that the Trobriand Islanders used magic

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in psychologically stressful situations, such as sailing.

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What frequently occurs during the liminal phase of a rite of passage?

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Reversals of ordinary behavior

question

Polytheism refers to

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belief in multiple gods.

question

What kind of religion is most frequently found among foraging bands?

answer

Shamanic

question

Cargo cults, which mix Melanesian and Christian beliefs, are:

answer

Religious responses to the expansion of the world capitalistic economy, often with political and economic consequences.

question

In terms of energy consumption, what nation consumes the most nonrenewable resources today?

answer

United States

question

Which of the following resulted from the growing demand for sugar in Europe?

answer

The transatlantic slave trade developed.

question

Which of the following statements about Marx is not true?

answer

He viewed socioeconomic stratification in terms of several classes with different but complementary interests.

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Higher wages and improved benefits for workers in core nations is possible because added surplus from the periphery enables companies to maintain high profit margins.

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True

question

In Del Guercio's reader article:

answer

Davis argued that it was the fear of becoming a zombie, not the fear of zombies themselves, which constituted the "social control" aspect of this religion.

question

According to Gmelch's article "Baseball Magic," players engage in this "magic" because

answer

it gives them a sense of control and confidence

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Which of the following statements about world-system theory is not true?

answer

It deals exclusively with non-Western, horticultural societies.

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The former Soviet Union, as well as the socialist and previously socialist countries of Eastern Europe and Asia, are sometimes referred to as

answer

The Second World.

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What are the three positions that nations occupy in the world system?

answer

Core, periphery, and semiperiphery

question

According to Weber, what are the three dimensions of social stratification?

answer

Wealth, power, prestige

question

The modern world system is best understood as

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A global system in which nations are economically and politically interdependent.

question

According to the Lappe and Collins' article "Why can't people feed themselves?" the hunger problem in the world today is due to:

answer

ongoing historical processes

question

Which of the following is a major difference between Brazilian and American racial classifications?

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In the United States, social race is determined at birth and does not change, but in Brazil, racial identity can change from day to day.

question

In Japan, burakumin

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suffer from discrimination as members of a stigmatized minority group.

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In chapter 11 of our textbook we learn that the largest minority ethnic group in the United States (using the terms of the U.S. Census Bureau) is:

answer

Hispanic

question

"Race" is

answer

culturally constructed.

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What term refers to the devaluing of a group because of its assumed behavior, values, abilities, or attributes?

answer

Prejudice

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Why is it important to understand that human racial categories are based upon perceptions of phenotypic features and not on genotypes?

answer

Because race is socially constructed, not biologically determined

question

What is the term for ethnic groups that once had, or wish to have or regain, autonomous political status?

answer

Nationalities

question

When a dominant group compels a minority group to adopt the dominant culture, this is known as

answer

forced assimilation.

question

Which of the following statements would apply to both ethnicity and race?

answer

Both terms are cultural rather than biological categories.

question

The theory that people in risky or unpredictable situations will often resort to magic or religion to alleviate their fears is known as

answer

anxiety theory.

question

Halloween allows children, who are usually perceived of as innocent and powerless, to misbehave and demand candy from strangers. This is an example of:

answer

a ritual of inversion.

question

Which of the following statements about religions is not true?

answer

Religion serves only to maintain social solidarity; it does not create or maintain social divisions.

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What kind of magic is based on the belief that whatever is done to an object will affect a person who once had contact with it?

answer

Contagious magic

question

What term refers to the manipulation of the supernatural to accomplish specific goals?

answer

Magic

question

Which of the following points is not consistent with Chapter 10's discussion of world religions?

answer

There is no variation in the growth rate of different groups of Christians.

question

Industrialization and mass production have given rise to a culture of consumption.

answer

True

question

The term indigenous peoples is used to refer to

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the original inhabitants of particular territories.

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Modern colonialism began

answer

during the European "Age of Discovery."

question

The anthropologist Lucas Bessire describes his work in the Gran Chaco jungle, which is said to have "one of the world's highest local deforestation rates" (at least when the article was written in 2008) because of:

answer

the clearing for extensive cattle-ranching

question

Lucas Bessire reports in his article "Isolation" that many southern Ayoreo groups were attacked by northern Ayoreo groups, starting in 1947, when those less isolated Native American groups obtained shotguns from:

answer

Christian missionaries in the newly established villages

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Which of the following statements about British colonialism is not true?

answer

It lacked an intervention philosophy.

question

The political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign power for an extended period of time is known as

answer

colonialism.

question

Which of the following statements does not characterize the modern world system?

answer

The U.S. lags behind India and China in total energy consumption.

question

Rather than attempting to classify humans into racial categories on a biological basis, biologists and anthropologists are:

answer

focusing on individual physical traits and explaining why specific biological variations occur

question

"Hispanic" is a racial category referring to people who are biologically descended from indigenous Central or South American populations.

answer

False

question

The anti-Basque campaign waged during the Franco dictatorship in Spain is an example of

answer

forced assimilation.

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