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Emerging adulthood

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Period of life between 18 and 25.

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Vectors

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those who spread disease

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Common destructive risks in emerging adulthood:

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Unprotected sex with a new partner, driving fast without a seatbelt, carrying a loaded gun, abusing drugs and addictive gambling

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Extreme sports

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forms of recreation that include apparent risk of injury or death and are attractive and thrilling as a result

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Drug Abuse

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the ingestion of a drug to the extent that is impairs the user's biological or psychological well-being

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Postformal thought

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Proposed adult stage of cognitive development, following Piaget's four stages. It goes beyond adolescent thinking by being more practical, more flexible and more dialectical. "problem finding" rather than "problem solving"

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Distributed Practice

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Studying consistently throughout the semester rather than cramming at the end

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Stereotype threat

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The possibility that one's appearance or behavior will be misread to confirm another person's oversimplified, prejudiced attitudes

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Massification

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the idea that establishing higher learning institutions and encouraging college enrollment can benefit the masses, leading to marked increases in the number of emerging adults in college.

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Intimacy vs Isolation

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6th of Erikson's eight stages of development. Adults seek someone with whom to share their lives in an enduring and self-sacrificing commitment. Without such commitment, they risk profound loneliness and isolation.

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Social loneliness

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lack of social contacts and relationships

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Emotional loneliness

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relationships lack sufficient intimacy and closeness (common in college freshman)

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Choice overload

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having so many options that a thoughtful choice becomes difficult, and regret after making a choice is more likely

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Cohabitation

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an arrangement in which a couple live together in a committed relationship but are not formally married

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Linked lives

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lives in which the success, health and well-being of each family member are connected to those of other members; including members on another generation (parents & children)

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Perry found that over the four years of their college careers, students typically:

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move through nine levels of complexity in their thinking

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According to Perry's research, the first phase of college students' thinking is:

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believing in the existence of absolute right and wrong.

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Which BEST describes the 2008 data on interethnic marriage in the United States?

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The official data underestimate the rate of such marriages.

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For most people, social networking has _____ social isolation in emerging adulthood.

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decreased

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Most contemporary cognitive scientists _____ Piaget's last stage of cognitive development (formal operational).

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find fault with

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Homeostasis

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the adjustment of all body systems to keep physiological functions in a state of equilibrium. Allows emerging adults to take risks and recover quickly

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Features of Emerging Adulthood (Arnett)

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1. People are exploring their identities (Added onto Eriksons views, identity continues after adolescence) 2. Time of Instability: moving often, changing jobs 3. Most self-focused age of life (not in a negative sense) 4. Feeling in between, in transition, neither adolescent or adult 5. Time of possibilties, when hopes flourish, have opportunity to change their lives

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Which ethnic group most likely believed that the are adults?

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African Americans- 59% Latinos- 48% Asian Americans- 38% Whites- 36%

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These ethnic differences were due to:

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being older, being a parent, coming from a low income family

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African Americans, Asian-Americans, and Latinos were all more likely to emphasize what compared to whites?

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Family Capacities, Role Transitions, Norm Compliance (not getting drunk in public, hurting others)

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Labouvie-Vief views on Postformal thought

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throughout adulthood thinking is more complex and more integrated.

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Perry development of critical thinking

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Dualism, Relativism, Commitment

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Dualism

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there is a right/wrong answer, just tell me what it is

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Relativism

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There are many points of view and they are all right

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Commitment

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There are different points of view but heres what I believe and why

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Baxter Magolda defines self-authorship as

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the internal capacity to define one's beliefs, identity and social relations. Answers the questions "how do I know who I am?"

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Phase 1: Following Formulas

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allowing others to define who you are

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Phase 2: Crossroads

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plan does not fit anymore. a new plan needs to be established. student is disastified with life

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Phase 3: Becoming the Author of One's life

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creating the ability to choose own's beliefs and stand up for them. (beginning to change problem)

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Phase 4: Internal Foundation

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grounded in their self-determined belief system in the sense of who they are and in their relationships

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Ethnic identity

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how members of an ethnic, racial, and cultural minorities view themselves both as members of their own group as well as their relationships with other groups

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Stages of ethnic identity development (Phinney)

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1. Unexamined ethnic identity 2. Ethnic identity search 3. Ethnic Identity development

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Helm's white racial identity model

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Phase 1: Abandonment of Racism Phase 2: Movement toward a non- racist identity

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Prejudice

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an unjustified (usually negative) attitude toward a group

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Components of Prejudice

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Beliefs (stereotypes) Emotions (hostility, envy, fear) Predisposition to act (to discriminate)

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Fundamental Attribution Error

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When we go too far in assuming that a person's behavior is caused by their personality. We think behavior emphasizes a trait

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We tend to overemphasize __________ attribution and underemphasize _______ situational attribution

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dispositional; situational

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We tend to favor out ________ group rather than the ______ group

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in; out

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Just world belief

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the world is fair and if you're doing it wrong its your fault

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Vivid cases

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draw conclusions based on extreme experiences

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Ways to combat prejudice

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Co-operative learning, Entertainment (telling stories), Peer influence

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"locked ______" feeling is attributed in emerging adulthood while "locked ______" feeling later in life (25-35 years)

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out;in

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Characteristics of friendships

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intimacy is important opposite sex friendships develop may become less important as romantic relationships develop

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Sexuality in Emerging adulthood

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most sexual behavior is in a committed relationship however they are more likely to "hook up"

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College students tend to ________ the sexual permissiveness of their friends

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overemphasize

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