Ch. 11 Psych – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
The basic components of emotion are:
answer
expressive behaviors, physiological arousal, and conscious experience.
question
Cassandra's mother told her, "You know you are in love when your heart beats fast and you experience that unique trembling feeling inside." This remark best illustrates the ________ theory of emotion.
answer
James-Lange
question
According to the James-Lange theory, we experience emotion ________ we notice our physiological arousal. According to the Cannon-Bard theory we experience emotion ________ we become physiologically aroused.
answer
after; at the same time as
question
Research has shown that neck-level spinal cord injuries reduce the intensity of certain emotional experiences. This finding supports the:
answer
James-Lange theory
question
The two-factor theory of emotion places more emphasis on the importance of ________ than does the James-Lange theory.
answer
cognitive activity
question
Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty while he was taking a difficult test, Harley concluded that he was "anxious." Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty when an attractive lady asked him to dance, Harley concluded that he was "falling in love." The differing emotions experienced by Harley can best be explained by the:
answer
two-factor theory.
question
A therapist tells a patient who is afraid of elevators that his rapid breathing while on an elevator is not due to fear but is a natural consequence of too little oxygen in a small, enclosed space. With this new interpretation of his arousal, the patient no longer dreads elevators. The reduction in the patient's fear is best understood in terms of the:
answer
two-factor theory.
question
The autonomic nervous system regulates the ________ that accompanies different emotions.
answer
physiological arousal
question
When confronted by an armed robber, your emotional arousal is likely to be accompanied by:
answer
slowing of digestion.
question
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system:
answer
increases respiration and decreases salivation.
question
When her son fails to arrive home as expected, Elena fears he has been in an accident. Both her heart and respiration rate remain elevated until she sees him come safely through the door. Her body soon returns to normal due to the action of her ________ nervous system.
answer
parasympathetic
question
Thaddeus will play a violin solo at his school tomorrow. His musical performance is likely to be ________ if his physiological arousal during the performance is ________.
answer
best; moderate
question
A psychologist would have the greatest difficulty differentiating between anger and fear by monitoring the ________ associated with each.
answer
heart rates
question
Boyd, a suspect in a criminal investigation, has agreed to take a lie detector test. The machine used in this test is most likely to measure his:
answer
perspiration levels.
question
Lee was momentarily terrified as a passing automobile nearly sideswiped his car. When one of his passengers joked that he almost had a two-color car, Lee laughed uncontrollably. Lee's emotional volatility best illustrates the:
answer
spillover effect.
question
The spillover effect is best explained in terms of the:
answer
two-factor theory.
question
After being physically aroused by his daily three-mile run, Martin finds that he experiences stronger resentment if his wife asks for an unexpected favor and more intense romantic feelings if she kisses him. Martin's experience can best be explained by the:
answer
two-factor theory.
question
Evidence that people can develop an emotional preference for stimuli to which they have been unknowingly exposed has convinced Robert Zajonc that:
answer
sometimes emotions precede cognition.
question
Our most rapid and automatic emotional responses may result from the routing of sensory input through the thalamus directly to the:
answer
amygdala.
question
Rapid fear reactions to sensory input in the absence of conscious thought are possible because certain neural pathways bypass the:
answer
prefrontal cortex.
question
In their dispute over the role of cognition in emotion, both Zajonc and Lazarus agree that:
answer
some emotional reactions involve no conscious thinking.
question
People are especially good at quickly detecting facial expressions of:
answer
anger.
question
When shown a face with an evenly mixed expression of fear and anger, ________ children were much quicker than other children to see anger.
answer
physically abused
question
In terms of ability to recognize others' facial expressions of emotion:
answer
introverts do better than extraverts and women do better than men.
question
Men and women students watched film clips that were sad, happy, or frightening. Measures taken during their viewing of films showed that the genders differed the most in their:
answer
facial expressions of emotion.
question
People from different cultures are most likely to differ with respect to:
answer
how they interpret hand gestures such as the "thumbs up" signal.
question
In which country are people most likely to convey obvious facial expressions of their inner feelings?
answer
Australia
question
The fact that facial expressions of emotion tend to intensify the experience of emotion serves to support the:
answer
James-Lange theory.
question
Imitating another person's facial expression of emotion is most likely to facilitate:
answer
an empathic response.
question
After 9/11, Americans who responded with anger more than fear also displayed:
answer
more prejudice.
question
The term catharsis refers to emotional:
answer
release.
question
A psychotherapist suggests that Theresa can effectively reduce the anger she feels toward her ex-boyfriend by tearing pictures of him into little pieces. This therapeutic technique is based on the:
answer
catharsis hypothesis.
question
Rosaria is upset with her husband for not putting his dirty clothes in the laundry basket. Anger experts would most likely recommend that she deal with her frustration by saying to him:
answer
"It annoys me that you leave your dirty clothes for me to pick up."
question
The loss of an arm in an automobile accident is likely to ________ a person's long-term feelings of life satisfaction. Winning a million-dollar casino jackpot is likely to ________ a person's long-term feelings of life satisfaction.
answer
have little effect on; have little effect on
question
During the last four decades, the buying power of Americans has ________ and their self-reported personal happiness has ________.
answer
increased; remained almost unchanged
question
Surveys of subjective well-being in 82 countries indicate that the two countries with the highest levels of self-reported happiness are:
answer
Puerto Rico and Mexico.
question
Subjective well-being among university and college students is ________ with the extent to which love is valued and ________ with the extent to which money is valued.
answer
positively correlated; negatively correlated
question
The adaptationlevel phenomenon refers to the:
answer
tendency for standards of judgment to be heavily influenced by previous experiences.
question
Rannilt was euphoric after learning that she had been accepted by the medical school of her choice. After a few weeks, however, she is only mildly excited when she thinks about her admission to medical school. This change in her feelings can best be explained in terms of the:
answer
adaptation-level phenomenon.
question
Which of the following best explains why both million-dollar lottery winners and paraplegics report similar levels of happiness?
answer
the adaptation-level phenomenon
question
During World War II, promotion rates in the U.S. Air Corps were so rapid for the group as a whole that many individual soldiers in this military branch were unhappy about the speed at which they were promoted. Their unhappiness is best explained in terms of the:
answer
relative deprivation principle.
question
Haley's parents bought her a used bicycle for her birthday. She was thrilled until she learned that her best friend received a brand new bicycle on her birthday. Haley's declining satisfaction illustrates the:
answer
relative deprivation principle.
question
Logan is an unsuccessful businessman who feels little satisfaction with life. In order to increase his subjective well-being, Logan should:
answer
imagine what his life might be like if he were suffering from a fatal disease.
question
Which of the following factors has been found to be clearly related to feelings of general happiness or life satisfaction?
answer
having a meaningful religious faith
question
A general sense of happiness or life satisfaction is most unrelated to whether people:
answer
are well educated.
question
The text defines stress as:
answer
the process by which we appraise and cope with environmental threats and challenges.
question
Luigi minimized the stress of testing positive for HIV by viewing this circumstance as an opportunity for a renewed religious commitment and spiritual growth. His reaction best illustrates the importance of:
answer
stress appraisal.
question
In the 1920s, Walter Cannon discovered that stress produced an outpouring of ________ into the bloodstream.
answer
epinephrine and norepinephrine
question
The three successive phases of the general adaptation syndrome are:
answer
alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion.
question
Cameron, a 50-year-old electrician, opens his pay envelope and, to his surprise, finds a pink slip inside indicating that he has been fired from his job. Which phase of the general adaptation syndrome is Cameron most likely experiencing?
answer
alarm reaction
question
The threat to one's immune system is greatest during the ________ phase of the GAS.
answer
exhaustion
question
Research on stressful life events indicates that:
answer
those who have been recently widowed or divorced are more vulnerable to disease.
question
Who is the best example of a Type A personality?
answer
Philip, a competitive, hot-tempered corporation president
question
Who is the best example of a Type B personality?
answer
Wang Lung, a relaxed, easy-going dentist
question
In their classic nine-year study, Friedman and Rosenman reported that, compared to Type A men, Type B men were:
answer
less susceptible to heart attacks.
question
For Type A individuals, exposure to stress is especially likely to inhibit organs such as the ________ from removing cholesterol and fat from the blood.
answer
liver
question
Bernard is an ambitious, highly competitive corporation lawyer who recently had a heart attack. He tends to be impatient and a perfectionist, and he gets angry over little things. Research suggests that Bernard's susceptibility to heart attacks may be most closely linked to his:
answer
anger.
question
Andrea's physician has suggested that a program of relaxation training would provide the best treatment for her high blood pressure. The physician probably considers Andrea's hypertension to be a(n) ________ illness.
answer
psychophysiological
question
B lymphocytes inhibit ________, whereas T lymphocytes inhibit ________.
answer
bacterial infections; viral infections
question
AIDS is caused by a ________ infection spread primarily through ________.
answer
viral; the exchange of bodily fluids
question
Researchers are least likely to suggest that stress influences the progression of ________ in humans.
answer
advanced cancer
question
Despite the very stressful events in his life, Mark has been able to maintain good health. This is because of his persistent optimism, and the emotional support of his family. An integrated understanding of Mark's well-being is most clearly provided by:
answer
a biopsychosocial approach.
question
To alleviate the stress he feels after failing a college course, Jeremy seeks social support from his friends and family. Jeremy's behavior best illustrates:
answer
emotion-focused coping.
question
Rats that received electric shocks were unlikely to develop ulcers if the:
answer
rats could control the termination of the shocks.
question
A loss of perceived control tends to result in:
answer
the suppression of immune responses.
question
During the first few weeks of law school, students were observed to have stronger immune systems if they:
answer
were optimistic.
question
Alex experiences little stress because he expects things to work out the way he wants them to. This best illustrates the value of:
answer
an optimistic explanatory style.
question
Undergraduate women who had been sexually abused as children were especially likely to report health problems if they had:
answer
kept the abuse a secret.
question
After stockbrokers who lived alone had adopted a pet cat or dog, they were able to face stress with less ________ than their counterparts without pets.
answer
blood pressure increase
question
Mildly depressed female students assigned to a program of ________ reported a greater decrease in depression than those assigned to a program of ________.
answer
aerobic exercise; relaxation exercises
question
Aerobic exercise is associated with:
answer
increased levels of serotonin and increased levels of the endorphins
question
The results of early research on biofeedback were surprising because they indicated that people could learn to control bodily functions regulated by the:
answer
autonomic nervous system.
question
Which of the following is an example of biofeedback?
answer
Milos learns to relax by being provided with information on changes in his heart rate.
question
A psychologist would most likely use biofeedback to provide clients with information about their:
answer
muscle tension.
question
The most important benefit of biofeedback is its capacity to:
answer
facilitate the relaxation response.
question
Aviad, a 50-year-old banking executive and Type A personality, recently suffered a serious heart attack. To prevent a recurrence, Aviad would probably benefit most from:
answer
relaxation training.
question
Homeopathy and herbal remedies are forms of:
answer
CAM.
question
Which form of treatment has claimed to correct imbalances of energy flow at identifiable points close to the skin?
answer
acupuncture
question
One study of migraine headache patients found that the majority of those who received "sham acupuncture" enjoyed relief. The patients' pain relief is most likely attributable to:
answer
the placebo effect.
question
The relaxation response associated with meditation is most likely to:
answer
decrease oxygen consumption and decrease blood pressure.
question
During meditative relaxation, a part of the ________ lobe that tracks where we are in space is ________ active than usual.
answer
parietal; less
question
Volunteers who participated in an eight-week course of meditation training exhibited increased levels of the ______ activity associated with positive emotions.
answer
left hemisphere
question
Israelis living in nonreligious collective settlements were observed to have ________ than those living in religiously orthodox collective settlements.
answer
higher rates of death
