History and Systems (Ch. 1-3) – Flashcards
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A school of thought emerges whenever _______.
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a group shares a theoretical orientation and investigates similar problems
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Currently, psychology_______.
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has been described as a sequence of failed paradigms and may be more fragmented than at any time in its history
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Even when some women were admitted to graduate programs in psychology, they still encountered many barriers to their success, such as ____.
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All of the choices are correct
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Greek philosophers studied issues involving ______.
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All of the choices are correct
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Psychology is marked by diversity and divisiveness. The one aspect of the discipline that provides cohesiveness and a common ground for discourse is its ____.
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history
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The hallmark of psychology's separation from philosophy was its reliance on _____.
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experimentation
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What conclusions can be drawn from the study of the Invisible Gorilla?
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It is difficult for people to pay attention to more than one stimulus at a time
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In the 1970s, the publication of the research of John Garcia was significantly delayed because ____.
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his findings challenged the prevailing view in stimulus-response (S-R) learning theory
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An "autobiography" of Jung was evidently written not by Jung but by an assistant who ____.
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altered and/or deleted some of Jung's writings to present him in a manner suiting his family and followers
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Julian Rotter, a leading personality theorist was told that "____ simply could not get academic jobs, regardless of their credentials."
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Jews
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Descartes argued that all processes are functions of the body except _______.
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thought
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Mind is Machine would be a good book title for ________.
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James Mill
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Contemporary cognitive psychologists' computer model of artificial intelligence is a direct descendant of _______.
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Babbage's calculating machine
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The notion of secondary qualities was proposed by Locke to explain ________.
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The distinction between the physical world and one's experience of it
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Empiricism attributes all knowledge to _______.
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experience
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Which of the following ideas has psychology borrowed from natural physics?
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effects are predictable and measurable
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The doctrine that natural processes are mechanically determined and capable of explanation by the laws of physics and chemistry is _______.
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mechanism
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"If a tree falls in the forest and no one is present to hear it, a sound will still occur because God is the permanent perceiver of all objects in the universe." This argument illustrates the position of _______.
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Berkeley
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Descartes theorized that we are born with knowledge of the axioms of geometry. Thus, these axioms are _______ ideas.
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innate
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According to Locke, in human development, what kind of ideas appears first?
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Sensation
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The "publish or perish" ethic, which is a hallmark of the most prestigious U.S. research universities and colleges, is a direct descendant of the 19th-century ______ universities.
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German
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Although he did not develop the theory called phrenology, ______ served as its popularizer
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Spurzheim
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What is the smallest detectable difference between two stimuli?
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just noticeable difference
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While euphoric and suffering from delusions of grandeur, Fechner _______
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developed the idea of the pleasure principle
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_______ was a pioneer in research on reflex behavior showing that reflexes could occur in the absence of brain involvement
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Hall
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In Fechner's Law as one variable increases arithmetically, the other variable increases ________
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geometrically
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Fechner proposed two ways to measure the lowest level of a sensation. One was the point of stimulus intensity below which no sensation is reported and about which subjects do experience a sensation; the other was ______.
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whether or not a stimulus is present or absent, sensed or not sensed.
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In his research, florins localized specific functions to how many brain areas?
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4
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Johannes Muller found that nerves only give information characteristic of the sense associated with it. This means that when an auditory nerve is stimulated, it will result in someone hearing a sound, even when no noise is present. Muller called this
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the doctrine of the specific energies of nerves
