question

Antebellum period

answer

The period before the civil war. During this time a diverse mix of reformers dedicated themselves to new causes.

question

Second Great Awakening

answer

A religious revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States, which expressed Arminian theology by which every person could be saved through revivals.

question

Timothy Dwight

answer

President of Yale College in Connecticut. His revivals motivated a generation of young men to become evangelical preachers.

question

Henry David Thoreau

answer

Walden, Civil Disobedience. an American author, poet, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, historian, philosopher, and leading transcendentalist. He is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay, Civil Disobedience, an argument for individual resistance to civil government in moral opposition to an unjust state.

question

Brook Farm; George Ripley

answer

a utopian experiment in communal living in the United States in the 1840s. It was founded by former Unitarian minister George Ripley and his wife Sophia Ripley at the Ellis Farm in West Roxbury, Massachusetts in 1841 and was inspired in part by the ideals of Transcendentalism, a religious and cultural philosophy based in New England.

question

Margaret Fuller

answer

an American journalist, critic, and women's rights advocate associated with the American transcendentalism movement. She was the first full-time American female book reviewer in journalism. Her book Woman in the Nineteenth Century is considered the first major feminist work in the United States.

question

Theodore Parker

answer

an American Transcendentalist and reforming minister of the Unitarian church. A reformer and abolitionist, his own words and quotes he popularized would later influence Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King, Jr.

question

Utopian communities

answer

an ideal community or society possessing a perfect socio-politico-legal system

question

Shakers

answer

a religious sect originally thought to be a development of the Protestant Quakers. Founded upon the teachings of Ann Lee, the group was known for their emphasis on social equality and rejection of sexual relations, which led to their precipitous decline in numbers after their heavy involvement in the running of orphanages was curtailed. With few surviving members, Shakers today are mostly known for their cultural contributions (especially style of music and furniture).

question

Robert Owen; New Harmony

answer

a social reformer and one of the founders of socialism and the cooperative movement. A secular experiment that was made to provide an answer to the problems of inequity and alientation caused by the Industrial Revolution.

question

Joseph Henry Noyes; Onieda

answer

After undergoing a religious conversion, he started a cooperative community in New York. Dedicated to an ideal of perfect social and economic equality. Could reproduce. Silverware.

question

Charles Fourier; Phalanxes

answer

a French utopian socialist and philosopher. Is credited by modern scholars with having originated the word féminisme in 1837. Advocated people share work and living arrangements. died out, people too individualistic

question

Horace Greeley

answer

an American newspaper editor, a founder of the Liberal Republican Party, a reformer, and a politician. Greeley used it to promote the Whig and Republican parties, as well as opposition to slavery and a host of reforms ranging from vegetarianism to socialism. Interested in Charles Fourier.

question

George Caleb Bingham

answer

an American artist whose paintings of American life in the frontier lands along the Missouri River exemplify the Luminist style. Genre painter.

question

William S. Mount

answer

an American genre painter and contemporary of the Hudson River School.

question

Thomas Cole

answer

an English-born American artist. He is regarded as the founder of the Hudson River School, an American art movement that flourished in the mid-19th century. Cole's Hudson River School, as well as his own work, was known for its realistic and detailed portrayal of American landscape and wilderness, which feature themes of romanticism and naturalism.

question

Frederick Church

answer

an American landscape painter born in Hartford, Connecticut. He was a central figure in the Hudson River School of American landscape painters

question

Hudson River School

answer

a mid-19th century American art movement embodied by a group of landscape painters whose aesthetic vision was influenced by romanticism. The paintings for which the movement is named depict the Hudson River Valley and the surrounding area. Cole, Church, Mount

question

Washington Irving

answer

an American author, essayist, biographer and historian of the early 19th century. He was best known for his short stories "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "Rip Van Winkle"

question

James Fenimore Cooper

answer

a prolific and popular American writer of the early 19th century. He is best remembered as a novelist who wrote numerous sea-stories and the historical novels known as the Leatherstocking Tales, featuring frontiersman Natty Bumppo. Among his most famous works is the Romantic novel The Last of the Mohicans, often regarded as his masterpiece.

question

Nathaniel Hawthorne

answer

an American novelist and short story writer. Wrote the Scarlet Letter. writing centers around New England, many works featuring moral allegories with a Puritan inspiration. His fiction works are considered part of the Romantic movement and, more specifically, dark romanticism

question

Millennialism

answer

a belief held by some Christian denominations that there will be a Golden Age or Paradise on Earth in which "Christ will reign" for 1000 years prior to the final judgment and future eternal state

question

Church of Latter-Day Saints; Mormons

answer

derives from the Book of Mormon, a sacred text published in 1830 regarded by the faith as a supplemental Testament to the Bible. Brigham Young as the successor to founder Joseph Smith, Jr.

question

Joseph Smith; Brigham Young

answer

Joseph Smith founded Mormonism. Brigham moved the Mormans to Salt Lake City.

question

New Zion

answer

The Mormon religious community in Salt Lake City

question

Romantic Movement

answer

19th century in Europe, in art and literature, stressed intuition and feelings, individual acts of heroism, and the study of nature

question

transcendentalists

answer

a term associated with a group of new ideas in literature that emerged in New England in the early-to-middle 19th century. core beliefs was the belief in an ideal spiritual state that "transcends" the physical and empirical and is realized only through the individual's intuition, rather than through the doctrines of established religions

question

Ralph Waldo Emerson

answer

an American lecturer, essayist, and poet, best remembered for leading the Transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a champion of individualism and a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society, and he disseminated his thought through dozens of published essays and more than 1,500 public lectures across the United States.

question

American Scholar

answer

a speech given by Ralph Waldo Emerson on August 31, 1837, to the Phi Beta Kappa Society in Harvard.

question

temperance

answer

a social movement against the use of alcoholic beverages. Temperance movements may criticize excessive alcohol use, promote complete abstinence, or pressure the government to enact anti-alcohol legislation.

question

American temperance society

answer

The society benefited from, and contributed to, a reform sentiment in much of the country promoting the abolition of slavery, expanding women's rights, temperance, and the improvement of society. Possibly because of its association with the abolitionist movement, the society was most successful in northern states

question

Womens Christian Temperance Union

answer

the oldest continuing non-sectarian women's organization worldwide. Organized at a national convention in Cleveland, Ohio in 1874,the group spearheaded the crusade for prohibition

question

Dorothea Dix

answer

an American activist on behalf of the indigent insane who, through a vigorous program of lobbying state legislatures and the United States Congress, created the first generation of American mental asylums. During the Civil War, she served as Superintendent of Army Nurses.

question

Thomas Gallaudet

answer

a renowned American pioneer in the education of the deaf. He helped fund and was for many years the principal of the first institution for the education of the deaf in North America. When opened in 1817, it was called the "American Asylum for Deaf-Mutes" in Connecticut, but it is now known as the American School for the Deaf.

question

Samuel Gridley Howe

answer

a prominent 19th century United States physician, abolitionist, and an advocate of education for the blind.

question

Auburn system

answer

persons worked during the day in groups and were kept in solitary confinement at night, with enforced silence at all times.

question

Horace Mann

answer

an American education reformer, and a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1827 to 1833. He served in the Massachusetts Senate from 1834 to 1837. In 1848, after serving as Secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Education since its creation, he was elected to the US House of Representatives. Mann was a brother-in-law to author Nathaniel Hawthorne.

question

McGuffey readers

answer

a series of graded primers that were widely used as textbooks in American schools from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century, and are still used today in some private schools and in homeschooling.

question

Sarah Grimke; Angelina Grimke

answer

wrote Letters on the Condition of women and the equality of the sexes

question

Lucretia Mott

answer

an American Quaker, abolitionist, social reformer, and proponent of women's rights. She is credited as the first American "feminist" in the early 19th century but was, more accurately, the initiator of women's political advocacy.

question

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

answer

an American social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early woman's movement. Her Declaration of Sentiments, presented at the first women's rights convention held in 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York, is often credited with initiating the first organized woman's rights and woman's suffrage movements in the United States.

question

Seneca Falls Convention

answer

an early and influential women's rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York. days and six sessions, and included a lecture on law, a humorous presentation, and multiple discussions about the role of women in society

question

Susan b. Anthony

answer

a prominent American civil rights leader who played a pivotal role in the 19th century women's rights movement to introduce women's suffrage into the United States

question

American Colonization Society

answer

The Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America) was the primary vehicle for proposals to return free African Americans to what was considered greater freedom in Africa. It helped to found the colony of Liberia in 1821-22, as a place for freedmen.

question

William Lloyd Garrison; The Liberator

answer

a prominent American abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer. He is best known as the editor of the radical abolitionist newspaper The Liberator, and as one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society, he promoted "immediate emancipation" of slaves in the United States. Garrison was also a prominent voice for the women's suffrage movement.

question

Liberty Party

answer

a minor political party in the United States in the 1840s, 1850s, and 1860s. The party was an early advocate of the abolitionist cause. It broke away from the American Anti-Slavery Society to advocate the view that the Constitution was an anti-slavery document

question

Frederick Douglass; the North Star

answer

an American social reformer, orator, writer and statesman. After escaping from slavery, he became a leader of the abolitionist movement, gaining renown for his dazzling oratory and incisive antislavery writing.

question

Harriet Tubman

answer

an African-American abolitionist, humanitarian, and Union spy during the American Civil War. After escaping from slavery, into which she was born, she made thirteen missions to rescue more than 70 slaves using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. She later helped John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harpers Ferry, and in the post-war era struggled for women's suffrage.

question

David Ruggles

answer

an anti-slavery activist who was active in the New York Committee of Vigilance and the Underground Railroad. As an "African-American printer in New York City during the 1830s", who "was the prototype for black activist journalists of his time". He claimed to have led over six hundred people, including friend and fellow abolitionist Frederick Douglass, to freedom in the North.

question

Sojourner Truth

answer

the self-given name, from 1843, of Isabella Baumfree, an African-American abolitionist and women's rights activist. Truth was born into slavery in Swartekill, New York. Her best-known speech, Ain't I a Woman?, was delivered in 1851 at the Ohio Women's Rights Convention in Akron, Ohio

question

William Still

answer

an African-American abolitionist, conductor on the Underground Railroad, writer, historian and civil rights activist. began working as a clerk for the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society

question

David Walker

answer

an audaciously outspoken Black American activist who demanded the immediate end of slavery in the new nation. A leader within the Black enclave in Boston, Massachusetts. David Walker's Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World: a call to "awaken my brethren" to the power within Black unity and struggle. recognized for his critical contribution to ending chattel slavery in the United States. one of the most important political and social documents of the 19th century. They credit Walker for exerting a radicalizing influence on the abolitionist movements of his day and beyond. He has inspired many generations of Black leaders and activists of all backgrounds.

question

Henry Highland Garnet

answer

An advocate of militant abolitionism, was a prominent member of the abolition movement that led against moral suasion toward more political action. Renowned for his skills as a public speaker, he urged blacks to take action and claim their own destinies. was the first black minister to preach to the United States House of Representatives.

question

Nat Turner

answer

an American slave who led a slave rebellion in Virginia on August 21, 1831 that resulted in 56 deaths among their victims, the largest number of white fatalities to occur in one uprising in the antebellum southern United States.

question

American Peace Society

answer

is a pacifist group founded upon the initiative of William Ladd. It was the first nationally based secular peace organization in the United States history. The society organized peace conferences and regularly published a periodical entitled Advocate of Peace.

question

Sylvester Graham

answer

dietary reform (eating whole wheat bread and sylvesters crackers to promote good digestion)

question

Amelia Bloomer

answer

dress reform (wearing pantalettes instead of skirts)

Chapter 11 apush – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards