Home Page Social Science Psychology Developmental Psychology Elementary School Years Chapter 10: Language and Motivation to Learn - Flashcards

Chapter 10: Language and Motivation to Learn – Flashcards

Edwin Holland

7 July 2022

question

The decline in acheivement during adolescene is likely the result of individuals at this age

answer

viewing strengths and weaknesses more realistically and a loss in expectancies of success

question

The main role of the arcuate fasciculus is to help produce

answer

speech

question

Individuals who believe that abilities and talents are malleable have a ____

answer

growth mindset

question

The typical first-grader would begin school with a vocabulary of around ____ words

answer

10,000

question

When talking to their two-year-old, Steve and Eve typically use short, simple sentences, lots of repetition, and high-pitches voices. This sort of speech is known as

answer

child-directed speech

question

A "coo" is best defined as a ___ sound

answer

vowel-like

question

Which word consists of three morphemes?

answer

Previewing

question

During the ____ phase of reading, children first learn the shapes and sounds of letters.

answer

alphabetic phase

question

A vocabulary dominated by phrases of words like ____ would indicate that a child is using an expressive style of language acquisition

answer

"I like cake; watch TV; I am two"

question

A child who understands the idea of past tense, but says words like "wanted," is engaging in ____

answer

overregularization

question

Individuals with high levels of mastery motivation ___challenges and ___ in the face of failure

answer

thrive on; persist

question

Catherine Snow and associates' study of Dutch-speaking children who watched a great deal of German television demonstrated that

answer

to learn a language, children must be actively involved with the language

question

Older adults experience all of the following changes EXCEPT

answer

their knowledge of grammar decreases (semantics increase, use less complex sentences, refine pragmatic use)

question

Which statement about the language acquisition device is FALSE

answer

It determines the language an infant speaks (helps children learn specific languages, involves specific area of brain, activated by exposure to language)

question

When describing his ideas on language acquisition, Harlan says "I believe that humans have a natural biological predisposition toward language and that the environment that the child is raised in also impacts the development of language skills." Given this description, Harlan appears to hold an ____ perspective concerning the acquisition of language.

answer

interactionist

question

Prosody involves ___ sounds are produced

answer

how

question

Which statement best illustrates metaliguistic awareness?

answer

Becoming less egocentric and then becoming better able to understand the meaning of selfishness

question

Acquiring phonological awareness allows a child to segment a spoken work into sounds or phonemes

answer

True

question

Lower academic performance in African-American teens has been linked to

answer

negative peer-pressure

question

Mastery motivation tends to be found in children whose parents

answer

provide sensory stimulation and the opportunity for the child to see that children can control their environment

question

A "babble" is best defines as a ___ sound

answer

consonant-plus-vowel

question

Hamid has just acquired the ability to "sound out" a word. This means that when he sees the word "bend" for the first time, he is able to decode it as "b" plus "e" plus "n" plus "d" and say "bend." Hamid's newfound ability indicates that he has acquired ____ awareness.

answer

phonological

question

"Low ability" students with a mastery goal

answer

persist and show little frustration despite failure

question

When attempting to learn to play football, Farve has great difficulty in throwing the odd-shaped ball. After several bad passes, he decides that he has no talent for football and will never be any good at it. Farve's behavior provides an example of ___ goals.

answer

performance

question

Which linguistic concept is best defined as an understanding as rules concerning the appropriate use of language in different social context?

answer

Pragmatics

question

In which areas does there appear to be a sensitive period?

answer

First spoken, second spoken, and signed languages

question

Children with a high level of ___ orientation are intrinsically motivated and tend to thrive on challenges, believing that their efforts will eventually pay off.

answer

mastery

question

Jeff is a low achiever. After doing well on an exam, he is LEAST likely to say

answer

"I knew I was smart enough!"

question

Underextension occurs when a child uses a

answer

word too narrowly

question

Erin has a high level of mastery motivation. Given this fact, her most likely response to failing a test would be to

answer

believe that trying harder on the next test will lead to success

question

Functional grammar emphasizes the ___ relations between words

answer

semantic

question

When four-year-old Methuselah sees an elderly gentleman enter a store, he screams "Mommy, look at that old man who looks like he should be deal!" The fact that Methuselah does not yet realize that such statements are socially inappropriate indicates that he lacks a complete understanding of the ____ of language.

answer

Pragmatics

question

The idea that the letters in printed words represent the sounds in spoken words in a systematic way is referred to as what?

answer

Alphabetic principle

question

If you believe in mastery goals, then you believe that

answer

you can learn to get better at a task

question

Which is the typical order of linguistic attainment (earliest to latest)

answer

coo, babble, word, holophrase

question

Chomsky asserts that humans have an inborn mechanism for mastering language. He calls this the

answer

language acquisition device

question

Applying language rules to cases in which the rule is not appropriate defines the concept of

answer

overregularization

question

What are the basic units of sound that change the meaning of a word? (e.x. /b/ vs /p/)

answer

Phonemes

question

Negative peer pressure may negatively impact the performance of African-American adolescence.

answer

True

question

Carter has been diagnosed with aphasia. What symptoms is he most likely exhibiting?

answer

Difficulty in repeating a sentence he just heard.

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question

The decline in acheivement during adolescene is likely the result of individuals at this age

answer

viewing strengths and weaknesses more realistically and a loss in expectancies of success

question

The main role of the arcuate fasciculus is to help produce

answer

speech

question

Individuals who believe that abilities and talents are malleable have a ____

answer

growth mindset

question

The typical first-grader would begin school with a vocabulary of around ____ words

answer

10,000

question

When talking to their two-year-old, Steve and Eve typically use short, simple sentences, lots of repetition, and high-pitches voices. This sort of speech is known as

answer

child-directed speech

question

A "coo" is best defined as a ___ sound

answer

vowel-like

question

Which word consists of three morphemes?

answer

Previewing

question

During the ____ phase of reading, children first learn the shapes and sounds of letters.

answer

alphabetic phase

question

A vocabulary dominated by phrases of words like ____ would indicate that a child is using an expressive style of language acquisition

answer

"I like cake; watch TV; I am two"

question

A child who understands the idea of past tense, but says words like "wanted," is engaging in ____

answer

overregularization

question

Individuals with high levels of mastery motivation ___challenges and ___ in the face of failure

answer

thrive on; persist

question

Catherine Snow and associates' study of Dutch-speaking children who watched a great deal of German television demonstrated that

answer

to learn a language, children must be actively involved with the language

question

Older adults experience all of the following changes EXCEPT

answer

their knowledge of grammar decreases (semantics increase, use less complex sentences, refine pragmatic use)

question

Which statement about the language acquisition device is FALSE

answer

It determines the language an infant speaks (helps children learn specific languages, involves specific area of brain, activated by exposure to language)

question

answer

interactionist

question

Prosody involves ___ sounds are produced

answer

how

question

Which statement best illustrates metaliguistic awareness?

answer

Becoming less egocentric and then becoming better able to understand the meaning of selfishness

question

Acquiring phonological awareness allows a child to segment a spoken work into sounds or phonemes

answer

True

question

Lower academic performance in African-American teens has been linked to

answer

negative peer-pressure

question

Mastery motivation tends to be found in children whose parents

answer

provide sensory stimulation and the opportunity for the child to see that children can control their environment

question

A "babble" is best defines as a ___ sound

answer

consonant-plus-vowel

question

answer

phonological

question

"Low ability" students with a mastery goal

answer

persist and show little frustration despite failure

question

answer

performance

question

Which linguistic concept is best defined as an understanding as rules concerning the appropriate use of language in different social context?

answer

Pragmatics

question

In which areas does there appear to be a sensitive period?

answer

First spoken, second spoken, and signed languages

question

Children with a high level of ___ orientation are intrinsically motivated and tend to thrive on challenges, believing that their efforts will eventually pay off.

answer

mastery

question

Jeff is a low achiever. After doing well on an exam, he is LEAST likely to say

answer

"I knew I was smart enough!"

question

Underextension occurs when a child uses a

answer

word too narrowly

question

Erin has a high level of mastery motivation. Given this fact, her most likely response to failing a test would be to

answer

believe that trying harder on the next test will lead to success

question

Functional grammar emphasizes the ___ relations between words

answer

semantic

question

answer

Pragmatics

question

The idea that the letters in printed words represent the sounds in spoken words in a systematic way is referred to as what?

answer

Alphabetic principle

question

If you believe in mastery goals, then you believe that

answer

you can learn to get better at a task

question

Which is the typical order of linguistic attainment (earliest to latest)

answer

coo, babble, word, holophrase

question

Chomsky asserts that humans have an inborn mechanism for mastering language. He calls this the

answer

language acquisition device

question

Applying language rules to cases in which the rule is not appropriate defines the concept of

answer

overregularization

question

What are the basic units of sound that change the meaning of a word? (e.x. /b/ vs /p/)

answer

Phonemes

question

Negative peer pressure may negatively impact the performance of African-American adolescence.

answer

True

question

Carter has been diagnosed with aphasia. What symptoms is he most likely exhibiting?

answer

Difficulty in repeating a sentence he just heard.

Chapter 10: Language and Motivation to Learn – Flashcards

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