Life Development Chapter 9 – Flashcards
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Physical growth during the school years A) Increases dramatically from the pace of early childhood B) Continues at the slow, regular pace of early childhood C) Speeds up more significantly for boys than for girls D) Slows dramatically
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B) Continues at the slow, regular pace of early childhood
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During middle childhood, Shannon became increasingly flexible and was able to perform cartwheels and handstands. This is probably because A) Her ligaments were not yet firmly attached to bones B) The bones of her body had shortened and narrowed C) She was losing "baby fat" at an increasing rate D) Her bones were strengthening while her muscles were weakening
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A) Her ligaments were not yet firmly attached to bones
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Between 6 and 12 A) 12 of the primary teeth are lost and replaced by permanent ones B) Many children experience a decreasing desire for physical exercise C) Girls lose their teeth slightly earlier than boys D) Girls have slightly more muscle and boys more body fat
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C) Girls lose their teeth slightly earlier than boys
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Research shows that obesity has caused a dramatic rise in cases of ______ children A) Asthma B) Diabetes C) Tuberculosis D) Heart Disease
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B) Diabetes
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Research reveals that the rise in childhood obesity is due in part to A) A lack of physical play space in many neighborhoods and schools B) The increasing number of hours children sleep at night C) The many hours children spend watching television D) Ineffective health education in the primary grades
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C) The many hours children spend watching television
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By far the most common chronic disease or condition of children in the US is A) Sickle cell anemia B) Asthma C) Systic fibrosis D) Diabetes
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B) Asthma
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Compared to their peers, _______ are at greater risk for developing asthma A) Children who live in rural areas B) Middle-SES children C) Asain children D) Boys
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D) Boys
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Which of the following U.S. children is most likely to suffer from asthma? A) Ginger, an overweight hispanic girl B) Ellysa, an African-American girl who lives in poverty C) Meghan, a high SES Asian girl D) Tanya, a Caucasian girl who lives in a rural area
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B) Ellysa, an African-American girl who lives in poverty
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Paul is concerned because his 6-year-old son prints using large letters and numbers. You can tell Paul that his son's writing is large because he A) Cannot yet visually distinguish fine details B) Has not yet developed adequate depth perception C) Makes strokes with his entire arm rather than just the wrist and fingers D) Can only use his wrist and fingers to form the letters and numbers
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C) Makes strokes with his entire arm rather than just the wrist and fingers
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Which of the following statements about playing games in middle childhood is true? A) Child-invented games are usually contests of individual ability B) Gains in perspective taking permit a transition to rule-oriented games C) School-age children today spend more time engage in informal outdoor play D) For most children, join community sports is associated with decreased self-esteem
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B) Gains in perspective taking permit a transition to rule-oriented games
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Nine-year old Monica enjoys making up games and playing them with her friends. Playing these child-invented games probably allows Monica to A) Practice winning and losing with little personal risk B) Develop a sense of pride in her superior motor skills C) Play without rules and rely on individual ability D) Compere against her friends and establish a dominance hierarchy
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A) Practice winning and losing with little personal risk
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Participation in community athletic team A) Often results in psychological damage to children B) Is the leading cause of childhood injury C) Often interferes with school work and can cause a sharp decline in academic achievement D) Seems to foster self-esteem and social skills
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D) Seems to foster self-esteem and social skills
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Teacher ratings of classroom disruptive behavior decline for children who have A) 5 to 10 minutes of recess a day B) The threat of recess cancellation if any child misbehaves C) More than 15 minutes of recess a day D) No recess
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C) More than 15 minutes of recess a day
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A child who is capable of reversibly can A) Center on just one aspect of a problem, rather than focus on several aspects at once B) Focus on relations between a general category and two specific categories at the same time C) Order items along a quantitative dimension D) Think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse direction
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D) Think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse direction
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Madison has developed an ability called transitive inference, This means Madison can A) Seriate mentally B) Draw maps to scale C) Classify three relations at once D) Readily read maps of extended outdoor environments
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A) Seriate mentally
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Heritability evidence suggests-- Genetic influences on various aspects of executive function, including combining information in working memory, controlling attention, and inhibiting inappropriate responses A) Little or no B) Only minor C) Moderate D) Substantial
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D) Substantial
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Which of the following statements about attention- deficit hyperactivity disorder is true? A) All children with ADHD are hyperactive B) Fraternal twins are more likely than identical twins to have ADHD C) Boys are diagnosed with ADHD about 4 times as often as girls D) For a child to be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must appear before age 5
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C) Boys are diagnosed with ADHD about 4 times as often as girls
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ADHD is A) Most commonly treated using behavior modifications techniques B) Not usually a lifelong disorder C) Highly heritable and is also associated with environmental factors D) Most often caused by a highly stressful home life
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C) Highly heritable and is also associated with environmental factors
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Before leaving on trip, Chuck needs to remember to pack his fishing pole and feed the dog. To aid his memory, Chuck imagines the dog fishing, This memory strategy is known as A) Organization B) Elaboration C) Metacognition D) Rehearsal
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B) Elaboration
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Nine-year-old Brett views his mind as an active, constructive agent that selects and transforms information. Brett's awareness of thought is known as A) Selectivity of attention B) Elaboration C) Metacognition D) Cognitive self-regulation
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C) Metacognition
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Throughout elementary and secondary school ________ predicts academic success A) Learned helplessness B) Metacognitive awareness C) Self-regulation D) Interpersonal intelligence
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C) Self-regulation
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Mrs. Lindon believes that from the beginning children should be exposed to text in its complete form so that they can appreciate the communicative function of written language. Mrs. Lindon takes a _______ approach to teaching reading A) Pragmatic B) Whole-language C) Phonics D) Metacognitive
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B) Whole-language
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Mr. Traxier firmly believes that children should be coached on the basic rules for translating written symbols into sound before they are exposed to complex reading material. Mr. Traxier takes a _________ approach to teaching reading A) Pragmatic B) Whole-language C) Phonics D) Metacognitive
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C) Phonics
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Which of the following statements about mathematics teaching in elementary schools is true? A) Because children need to retrieve mathematical answers automatically, they should be exclusively taught by rote B) Complex skills can only be learned by drill in computation and rote memorization C) Reasoning about number concepts should replace drill in computation in elementary school D) A blend of both drill in computing and "number sense," or understanding, is most beneficial
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D) A blend of both drill in computing and "number sense," or understanding, is most beneficial
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According to Sternberg's triarchic, generating useful solutions to new problems relies on ______ intelligence A) Practicial B) Creative C) Analytical D) Emotional
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B) Creative
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Hank is skilled in discriminating complex inner feelings and using them to guide his behavior, According to Gardner, Hank, is advance in _________ intelligence A) Interpersonal B) Bodily-kinesthetic C) Interpersonal D) General
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C) Interpersonal
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Richard Hernstein and Charles Murray's 1994 book, the bell curve, argues that A) IQ variations are largely determines by differences in environment B) Heredity contributes substantially to individual and SES differences in IQ C) Ethnic and social class differences in IQ are unfounded D) IQ shows significant fluctuations over the lifespan
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B) Heredity contributes substantially to individual and SES differences in IQ
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In two studies of African-American children adopted into economically well-off white homes during the first year of life, the children scored A) High on intelligence tests by middle childhood B) Below average on intelligence tests during school years C) Lower on intelligence tests then white children adopted into similar homes D) Above average on early childhood intelligence tests, but scores decreased by middle childhood
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A) High on intelligence tests by middle childhood
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Research shows that ______ predicts school performance at least as well as, and sometimes better than IQ does A) Self-discipline B) SES C) The size of the cerebral cortex D) Emotional intelligence
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A) Self-discipline
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During middle childhood ________ contributes enormously to vocabulary growth A) Watching educational programming B) Reading C) Talking D) Using educational computer game
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B) Reading
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Children who are fluent in two languages A) Are behind in detection of errors in grammar and meaning B) Outperform others on test of cognitive flexibility C) Have difficulty on selective attention tasks D) Are behind in reading achievement tests in both languages
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B) Outperform others on test of cognitive flexibility
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In a social- constructivist classroom A) The teacher is the sole authority for knowledge, rules, and decision making B) Students construct their own knowledge C) Teachers, students, and peers work together on a wide range of challenging activities D) Cooperative learning is frowned upon
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C) Teachers, students, and peers work together on a wide range of challenging activities
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Mr. Winkman emphasizes competition and publicly compares the children in his classroom, regularly favoring the best students. Joyce knows that Mr. Winkman does not think she is very smart. As a result, Joyce's grades drop. This is known as a A) Educational self-fulfilling prophecy B) Social-constructive classroom C) Cooperative learning technique D) Homogeneous grouping practice
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A) Educational self-fulfilling prophecy
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Which of the following statements about racial integration in U.S. schools today is true? A) African-American children are just as likely to attend a school that serves a mostly black population as they were in 1960's B) Hispanic children are more racially integrated than African-AMerican children in U.S. schools C) The racial divide in American public school is gradually improving D) Federal and state grants-in-aid have been sufficient in closing the funding gap between rich and poor
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A) African-American children are just as likely to attend a school that serves a mostly black population as they were in 1960's
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Magnet schools A) Are usually located in upper-income areas B) Emphasize a specific are of interest C) Are voluntarily segregated D) Use constructivist classrooms rather than traditional classrooms
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B) Emphasize a specific are of interest
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Research on learning environments suggests that ______ forests a strong commitment to learning in Asian families and schools A) Emphasis on native ability B) Emphasis on effort C) A shorter school year D) Ability grouping
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B) Emphasis on effort
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Which of the following statements about gifted children is true? A) Most gifted children have high self-esteem B) Many gifted children are socially isolated C) The vast majority of gifted children have IQ scores of 150 or higher D) Most gifted children show an evenly high ability across academic subjects
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B) Many gifted children are socially isolated
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Quentin has the ability to produce work that is original, yet appropriate something others have not thought of that is useful in some way. Quentin is designated as gifted because he A) Uses convergent thinking B) Is talented C) Is creative D) Is a high- IQ child
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C) Is creative
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The largest number of special-needs students in inclusive classrooms have A) Learning disabilities B) Mild mental retardation C) Autism D) Emotional problems
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A) Learning disabilities
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U.S. legislation mandates that schools place children who require special supports for learning in ______ that meet their educational needs. A) Multigrade classrooms B) The "the least restrictive" environments C) Fully inclusive classrooms D) Segregated environments
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B) The "the least restrictive" environments
