Developmental Psychology Chapter 9 – Flashcards
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What does the term "menarche" refer to?
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a girl's first menstrual period
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At adolescence, the gonads increase the production of sex hormones: ___________ in girls and __________ in boys.
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estradiol; testosterone
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In what way does weight affect puberty?
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Excess weight results in earlier puberty
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Secondary sex characteristics are bodily features that:
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does not directly affect fertility
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Early-maturing girls:
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tend to have lower self-esteem than late-maturing girls
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Which of the following is among the body changes in adolescence that increase physical endurance?
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the heart doubles in size
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For every child, puberty begins with a _____, which is an uneven jump in the size of almost every body part.
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growth spurt
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A person's idea of how his or her body looks is called:
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body image
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Which of the following statements about teenagers' brain growth is true?
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The limbic system matures before the prefrontal cortex does.
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Why do emotions rule behavior for many teens?
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They are likely going through puberty. The amygdala matures before the prefrontal cortex does. The complexities of emotional restraint are beyond most teenagers.
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What is adolescent egocentrism?
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when young people focus on themselves to the exclusion of others
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Teens are likely to experiment with drugs and have unprotected sex because of:
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the invincibility fable
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Julie is obsessed with how others will react to her behavior and appearance. It takes her several hours to dress in the morning as she considers what both her friends and enemies will think of her. Julie's behavior reflects the power of:
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the imaginary audience.
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Which of the following statements about hypothetical-deductive thought is true?
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Hypothetical-deductive thought allows one to consider propositions that may or may not reflect reality.
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hypothetical thought:
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may complicate reflection about serious issues
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The thought process that involves using one or more specific experiences or facts to reach a general conclusion is called:
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inductive reasoning
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The "low ebb" of learning occurs in
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middle school
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What are some ways of encouraging adolescents to engage in their education?
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Keep high schools small. Encourage extracurricular activities. Change the schedule and cluster students
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Since the U.S. trend toward more high-stakes testing began,
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other nations have moved away from relying on high-stakes testing
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Puberty usually lasts _____ years.
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3 to 5
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The current average age of menarche among well-nourished girls is:
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12 years, eight months
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A hormone that affects appetite and is believed to affect the onset of puberty is known as:
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leptin
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Living in a stressful environment has been found to:
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result in earlier puberty
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Early-maturing boys:
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are more likely to be aggressive and abuse alcohol.
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During adolescence, the lungs will _________ in weight and the heart will ___________ in size.
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triple; double
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A growth spurt is an uneven jump in the size of:
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almost every body part
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The parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction are called:
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primary sex characteristics
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Which of the following is a symptom of anorexia nervosa as defined by the American Psychiatric Association?
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a refusal to maintain a body weight that is at least 85 percent of normal for age and height
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What function does the prefrontal cortex serve?
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Their decision-making skills are deficient.
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Which characteristic of adolescent thought is demonstrated when a teen fails to recognize that others may neither care about nor share her opinions?
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adolescent egocentrism
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Which of the following best explains why teens often choose behaviors that put them at certain risks?
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the invincibility fable
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The need for teenagers to look and behave a certain way is most related to:
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the imaginary audience
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What-if propositions require:
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hypothetical thought
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The most prominent change in adolescent thought is the ability to:
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think of possibility
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Concluding that a four-legged furry animal that wags its tail when it is happy and likes to fetch sticks is in fact a dog would be an example of:
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inductive reasoning
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Many middle school students sacrifice ______________ rather than risk social exclusion.
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academic achievement
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_____ is bullying that uses technology.
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cyberbullying
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High-stakes testing as a requirement for high school graduation potentially results in:
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more drop-outs
