question

On average, children grow _______ per year during middle and late childhood.

answer

2.5 inches

question

* On average, children gain ________ per year during middle and late childhood.

answer

4-7 pounds

question

* During elementary school years, most children double their:

answer

strength capabilities

question

* During elementary school years, head circumference and waist circumference:

answer

decreases in relation to the body

question

* Improvement of fine motor skills during middle and late childhood is a reflection of:

answer

Increased myelination of the central nervous system

question

* What is the most common cause of death for children in middle childhood?

answer

Injuries/ motor vehicle accidents

question

* Which of the following is true of overweight children?

answer

In many countries, girls are more likely than boys to be overweight.

question

* Which of the following statements about children and cardiovascular disease is true?

answer

High blood pressure goes undiagnosed in 75% of children

question

* A recent study found that children with a high body mass index and waist circumference are at risk for ________ a constellation of factors, including obesity, high blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes.

answer

metabolic syndrome

question

_______ is the second leading cause of death in U.S. children 5 to 14 years of age.

answer

Cancer

question

* The incidence of cancer in children has _________ in recent years.

answer

slightly increased

question

* Which type of cancer is most prevalent in children?

answer

Leukemia

question

____________ are characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells.

answer

White blood cells, brain, bone, lymph system, muscles, kidneys, and nervous system

question

* One in every _____ children in the United States develops cancer before the age of 19.

answer

330

question

* Approximately ____ of all children from 3 to 21 years of age in the United States receive special education or related services.

answer

14%

question

* A learning disability:

answer

has difficulty in learning that involves understanding or using writing and spelling.

question

* About _______ as many boys as girls are classified as having a learning disability.

answer

3 times

question

* A number of causes for ADHD have been proposed, including:

answer

inherit, damage to the brain during prenatal or postnatal development, cigarette and alcohol exposure during prenatal development, low birth weight

question

* Boys are ______ as likely to have autism spectrum disorders as girls are.

answer

4 times

question

* The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (2004) requires that:

answer

Broad mandates for services to children with disabilities of all kinds

question

* Piaget proposed that the concrete operational stage lasts from approximately _______ of age.

answer

7-11 years

question

* Children who have reached the concrete operational stage are also capable of _________, which is the ability to order stimuli along a quantitative dimension.

answer

seriation

question

* Which of the following is a strategy for improving children's memory skills?

answer

Encourage children to engage in mental imager, Motivate children to remember material by understanding it rather than memorizing, repeat with variation on the instructional information and link early and often.

question

* The __________ states that memory is best understood by considering two types of memory representations: verbatim memory trace, and gist.

answer

fuzzy trace theory

question

* According to the fuzzy trace theory, at some point during the early elementary school years, children begin to use gist more and this contributes to the improved memory and reasoning of older children because _____ are more enduring and less likely to be forgotten than _____.

answer

fuzzy traces, verbatim traces

question

* The term "individual differences" in the text discussion of intelligence refers to:

answer

the stable, consistent ways in which people are different from one another

question

* Mental age (MA) is:

answer

an individuals level of mental development relative to others

question

* Howard Gardner has developed ___ types of intelligence.

answer

8

question

* A gifted child has an IQ of ___ or higher.

answer

130

question

* By the time children are 11 years old, their vocabulary has increased to approximately:

answer

40,000 words

question

* The phonics approach to reading instruction emphasizes the teaching of basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds.

answer

phonics approach

question

* Which of the following is a description a 9-year old is most likely to use to describe himself?

answer

Psychological traits and characteristics

question

* Which of the following terms refers to self-evaluations in the different domains of an individual's life?

answer

Self esteem

question

* Self-esteem refers to _______ self-evaluation while self-concept refers to _________ self-evaluation.

answer

global evaluations, domain specific

question

* Erik Erikson's fourth stage of development, appearing during middle and late childhood, is called:

answer

Industry vs. inferiority

question

* Julio cannot get his science project to work. In fact, it seems to him that nothing he makes ever works properly. According to Erik Erikson, Julio is at risk for developing a sense of:

answer

inferiority

question

* ___________ is the highest level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.

answer

Post conventional level full internalization

question

* Kohlberg emphasized perspective taking and ________ as critical aspects of the social stimulation that challenges children to change their moral reasoning.

answer

peer interaction

question

* Which of the following would NOT be considered an arbitrary rule?

answer

not lying to your boss about your late report

question

* Moral rules are widely accepted, somewhat impersonal and:

answer

obligatory

question

* Comparing the math and visuospatial abilities of males and females show that:

answer

Math shows no difference, Boys are better at visuospatial.

question

* In which of the following areas has it been found that girls exhibit better skills than boys?

answer

Reading and writing

question

* Boys are more _____ aggressive, whereas girls are more _____ aggressive.

answer

physically; verbally

question

* Across childhood and adolescence, research suggests that:

answer

girls engage in more prosocial behavior

question

* Approximately ___ of stepfamily couples stay remarried.

answer

1/3

question

* Which of the following statements about stepfamilies is NOT true?

answer

The largest number of stepfamilies are preceded by death of a spouse

question

* The term that describes the extent to which children are liked or disliked by their peer group is:

answer

sociometric status

question

* All of the following are peer statuses EXCEPT _____.

answer

not* = conforming *are* poplar, average, neglected, rejected, controversial.

question

* Kenneth Dodge argues that children go through five steps in processing information about their social world. Which of the following is NOT one of those steps?

answer

not* = reflecting on social response choices *are* decode social cues, interpret, search for a response, select an optimal response, and enact.

question

* In a national survey of more than 15,000 sixth- through tenth-grade students, nearly of the students reported experiencing bullying as either a victim or a perpetrator.

answer

one of three

question

* Children who are bullied have increased feelings of ______.

answer

loneliness

question

* Children's friendships are typically characterized by:

answer

similarity

question

* Which of the following is NOT a function of childhood friendships?

answer

not* = cultural regulation *are* companionship, stimulation, physical support, ego support, social comparison, affection and intimacy.

question

* The direct instruction approach to student learning and assessment is one of the two approaches. The other one is called the _______

answer

constructivist approach.

question

* Which of the following results do advocates of state-mandated testing argue will be positive outcomes of the testing?

answer

increased student performance and more time teaching subjects tested

question

* Almost _____ of African American and Latino students attend schools in which 90% or more of the students are from minority groups.

answer

more than 1/3??

Human Growth chap. 9 & 10 – Flashcards

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