Week 7 – Flashcard
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Which standard of equality is most concerned with the distribution of resources?
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Equality of outcome
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Economists and sociologists believe that the United States is stratified along what lines?
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income
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What kind of inequality did Rousseau believe would always exist?
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Physical
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What is another term for the nonworking poor?
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underclass
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From Malthus's perspective, what keeps the population in check?
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inequality
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Which term refers to a group or an individual transitioning from one social status to another that is situated more or less on the same rung of the ladder?
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horizontal social mobility
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Mobility that is inevitable from changes in the economy is called:
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structural mobility
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Karl Marx and Rousseau agree on at least one thing: they both felt that the primary source of social ills in society was due to the emergence of:
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private property
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Ferguson and Miller saw social developments resulting from the establishment of private property as representing a huge improvement in society because private property leads to higher degrees of social organization and:
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efficiency
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A system in which advancement is based on individual achievement or ability is referred to as:
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Meritocratic
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Sociologists often describe an individuals position in a stratified social order that attempts to classify groups, individuals, families, or households in terms of indicators such as occupation, income, wealth, and education. Sociologists call this:
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socioeconomic status
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A type of stratification that is based on hereditary notions of religious and theological purity and in which there is little to no individual mobility within the strata is the:
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caste system
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What is the primary source of income for the upper class?
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returns on investments
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Trade of goods and services across national boundaries, as well as the mobility of the businesses and labor through immigration is called:
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globalization
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Ferguson and Millar saw social developments resulting from the establishment of private property as representing huge improvement in society because private property leads to higher degrees of social organization and:
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efficiency
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The prestige of a person's first job out of school factors into his or her position on the:
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Status attainment model
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Professionals, small business owners, and craftsmen are referred to as:
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Petit bourgeoisie
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Hegel argued that notions of inequality are constantly evolving in a larger historical arc and will eventually lead to:
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equality
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In political speeches about the poor, those who are believed to deserve our assistance are termed the:
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working poor
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An example of the ideology of equality of condition put into practice is:
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affirmative action
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According to Rousseau, there are two forms of inequality: ________, or natural, and ________, or political.
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physical; social
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What is the fastest-growing job market for people with only a high school education?
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Food preparation
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According to Hegel, the master-slave relationship is one of mutual:
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dependency
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The examination of how race and ethnicity affect income is really an examination of:
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stratification
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Under what system is your societal position related to your position in the economic market?
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class system
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Which group exploits the working class by taking more of the value of the work of laborers than they repay in wages?
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bourgeoisie
