Question 1

According to Erikson, if 8-year-old Kristina does NOT solve her psychosocial conflict of stage four, she will come to view herself as:

Accepted Answer

inferior.

Question 2

During the ______, Freud believed that children\'s emotional drives and psychosocial needs are quiet

Accepted Answer

latency stage

Question 3

According to a recent study of childhood stress, a parental conflict can lead to internalizing behavior when:

Accepted Answer

the child experiences self-blame.

Question 4

Daily hassles:

Accepted Answer

can have a cumulative effect on children.

Question 5

Research on the temperaments of identical twins supports the finding that:

Accepted Answer

a mother\'s attitudes toward her twins are one factor that influences the twins\' behaviors.

Question 6

Conflict is harmful to children, especially when adults fight about child rearing. This is common in:

Accepted Answer

divorced families.   stepfamilies.   extended families

Question 7

According to your text, the most important overall family function is to provide:

Accepted Answer

love and encouragement

Question 8

A crucial factor necessary for school-age children to thrive is:

Accepted Answer

harmony and stability in the home

Question 9

in the United States as of 2010, _____ percent of all school-age children live in a single-parent family.

Accepted Answer

31

Question 10

Repeated, systematic efforts to inflict harm through physical, verbal, or social attack on a weaker person is the definition of:

Accepted Answer

bullying

Question 11

A child who is rejected by peers because of timid and anxious behavior is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

withdrawn-rejected.

Question 12

The saying \"Step on a crack and you will break your mother\'s back\" is an example of:

Accepted Answer

child culture

Question 13

Kyle is repeatedly bullied by Caleb at school. Kyle, most likely:

Accepted Answer

does not have a single good friend in the class

Question 14

Lawrence Kohlberg\'s second level of moral reasoning emphasizes:

Accepted Answer

social rules

Question 15

In Lawrence Kohlberg\'s theory, the _____ level emphasizes rewards and punishments, whereas the _____ level emphasizes moral principles.

Accepted Answer

preconventional; postconventional

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE of resilience?

Accepted Answer

resilience is dynamic

Question 17

Many cultures expect children to be:

Accepted Answer

modest, not prideful.

Question 18

Sigmund Freud referred to middle childhood as the period of:

Accepted Answer

latency

Question 19

During the ______, Freud believed that children\'s emotional drives and psychosocial needs are quiet.

Accepted Answer

latency stage

Question 20

In general, _____ function best because children tend to achieve in school with fewer psychological problems

Accepted Answer

nuclear families

Question 21

Children who move and change neighborhoods in middle childhood

Accepted Answer

suffer academically and emotionally

Question 22

Children in U.S. military families move often and:

Accepted Answer

have lower school achievement

Question 23

According to the text, _____ involvement particularly helps African American children in communities rife with social stress and racial prejudice

Accepted Answer

church

Question 24

According to research, the most popular young children are:

Accepted Answer

kind and cooperative

Question 25

A characteristic of the culture of children is that

Accepted Answer

they may spout curses, accents, and slang

Question 26

A child who is rejected by peers because of timid and anxious behavior is referred to as

Accepted Answer

withdrawn-rejected.

Question 27

A child who is ignored, but not shunned, by his or her peers is considered a(n

Accepted Answer

neglected child

Question 28

Lawrence Kohlberg would expect a child whose thought processes are egocentric to display moral reasoning

Accepted Answer

with a punishment and obedience orientation

Question 29

Lawrence Kohlberg\'s second level of moral reasoning emphasizes

Accepted Answer

social rules

Question 30

Between ages 6 and 11, children show psychosocial maturation by their ability to accomplish all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

shift to formal operational thought.

Question 31

According to the text, Japanese culture:

Accepted Answer

discourages social comparisons aimed at making oneself feel superior

Question 32

According to the text, high self-esteem is

Accepted Answer

not universally valued nor universally criticized.

Question 33

Adriana is a single African American parent with a 6-year-old and an 11-year-old child. According to the text, who is more likely to routinely help her?

Accepted Answer

relatives and friends

Question 34

Nations that subsidize single parents, such as Austria and Iceland, also have:

Accepted Answer

smaller achievement gaps between low- and middle-SES children on the TIMSS.

Question 35

Family _____ refers to the legal and genetic relationships of related people living together; family _____ refers to the way a family works to care for its members.

Accepted Answer

structure;function

Question 36

A nuclear family consists of:

Accepted Answer

a father, a mother, and their biological children under age 18 living in one household

Question 37

Familial stress can be caused by:

Accepted Answer

poor health.   the threat of homelessness.   inadequate schools

Question 38

The practice of \"no snitching\" by middle-school children is an example of:

Accepted Answer

child culture

Question 39

Boys who bully tend to:

Accepted Answer

physical aggression

Question 40

The refusal to tell adults what is happening, and the drive to fit in with peers are examples of

Accepted Answer

common values of middle-school children.

Question 41

A characteristic of the culture of children is that:

Accepted Answer

they may spout curses, accents, and slang.

Question 42

Natsuki, like many Japanese students, excels at mathematics on international tests. She has a high opinion of her math ability. About what percentage of Japanese students have a high opinion of their math ability?

Accepted Answer

17 percent

Question 43

According to the text, Japanese culture:

Accepted Answer

discourages social comparisons aimed at making oneself feel superior.

Question 44

During Erik Erikson\'s crisis of industry versus inferiority, children:

Accepted Answer

attempt to master many skills

Question 45

A key aspect of a child\'s resilience is the stressed child\'s ability to:

Accepted Answer

develop friends, activities, and skills.

Question 46

In the United States in 2006, about _____ percent of children aged 5 to 9 moved from one home to another.

Accepted Answer

23

Question 47

The two factors that interfere with family function in every structure, ethnic group, and nation are:

Accepted Answer

low income and high conflict.

Question 48

The difference in the psychosocial development of young children as compared to that of middle-school children is that

Accepted Answer

young children\'s egocentrism makes them less affected by other children\'s acceptance or rejection of them.

Question 49

As friendships change during the school years, children are most likely to:

Accepted Answer

demand more of their friends.

Question 50

A child who is ignored, but not shunned, by his or her peers is considered a(n):

Accepted Answer

neglected child.

Question 51

The refusal to tell adults what is happening, and the drive to fit in with peers are examples of:

Accepted Answer

common values of middle-school children.

Question 52

Because Iris thinks that it is moral to break the law in some circumstances, Lawrence Kohlberg would place her moral reasoning at the:

Accepted Answer

postconventional stage.

Question 53

During middle childhood, children show psychosocial maturation by their ability to:

Accepted Answer

-tell time and have set times for activities. -complete more homework assignments. -take care of pets.

Question 54

During the ______, Freud believed that children\'s emotional drives and psychosocial needs are quiet.

Accepted Answer

latency stage

Question 55

As of 2010, 69 percent of all American families with children aged 6-11:

Accepted Answer

have two parents.

Question 56

The rarest family structure is:

Accepted Answer

polygamous.

Question 57

The way in which a family works to meet the needs of its members is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

family function.

Question 58

Dan Olweus advocates the following strategy to curb bullying:

Accepted Answer

whole-school.

Question 59

Characteristic of the culture of children is that:

Accepted Answer

they may spout curses, accents, and slang.

Question 60

The saying \"Step on a crack and you will break your mother\'s back\" is an example of:

Accepted Answer

child culture.

Question 61

In Lawrence Kohlberg\'s theory, the _____ level emphasizes rewards and punishments, whereas the _____ level emphasizes moral principles.

Accepted Answer

preconventional; postconventional

Question 62

___________ cognition, which gives children the ability to observe and use logic, propels them to think about moralit

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational

Question 63

Ideally, social comparison helps children to:

Accepted Answer

value their own abilities.

Question 64

Natsuki, like many Japanese students, excels at mathematics on international tests. She has a high opinion of her math ability. About what percentage of Japanese students have a high opinion of their math ability?

Accepted Answer

17 percent

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