Psych of adolescence-Identity and self – Flashcards
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Self concept
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Collection of traits and attributes that we use to describe ourselves, a mental representation nof self
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william James
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Concerned with the me(self concept and known) and the I (subject, self awareness) changes over time Childhood: general traits and attributes Adolescence: situation specific
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Processes of Differentiation and integration
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Differentiation: personality is expressed in different ways in different situations Recognitition of different views of others Others may view us different then ourselves School versus out with friends Recognizing complexitites Integration: maintaining one coherent sense of self, logical, coherent whole, reduces inconsistencies and contradictions
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Linville study 1987
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Self complexity(number of independent roles), providing a buffering effect against stressful situations. Relations with physical and psychological illness when experiencing stress self is not a unitary concept there is multiple aspects, prevents spilling over
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Self esteem
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the degree to which one values themself, and how much they like themself
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Self esteem drop
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Self esteem drops when entering adolescence the drop amount small with a great deal of variability Increases again from adolescence to emerging adulthood
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Primary determinants of self esteem
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Differs from early to mid adolescence Early=physical attractiveness Mid/late=social acceptance
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Baseline vs. barometric self esteem
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Baseline= stable, enduring general and average level Barometric= fluctuating self esteem, changes over time and is variabiltiy
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Self esteem is a byproduct of healthy functioning
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Self esteem--->performance Doesn't work/not better in school Fragile self esteem-can be harmful resistant to criticism/narcissism Byproduct of healthy functioning(not an end) Negative effects of non genuine, fragile self esteem^
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Eriksons Theory of psychosocial Development
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based his theory upon freud,development occurs throughout life, 8 psychosocial stages: each involving a major crisis(resolution of it) Positive or negative interaction between person and the environment
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Identity vs role diffusion
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The stages of adulthood from Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. adolescence deals with this 12-18 focus for the adolescent is working on creating their own identity and having a sense of who we are failure to navigate this transition smoothly leads to confusion about the roles of a person resolved thru interactions with others
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Identity statuses
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Marcia's four categories of identity formation: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, moratorium, and identity achievement. Exploration of and commitment to identity Foreclosure: high commitment, low exploration occupational religious Achievement: high commitment and high exploration , still change Diffusion: low commitment and low exploration lazy and apathetic moratorium: low commitment high exploration college is a major change, adaptive and helpful Statuses will and can change over time
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Narrative approach to identity
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Organization of events to create a cohesive narritive, thinking of life and identity as a story (characters, scenes etc)
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Life stories
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How indiviuals conceive of their life as a story helps us define a coherent identity How events are interpreted is more important than the actual event the person has experienced
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Scenes
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Particular time/event that is meaningful for us different from chapters important scenes: high points(peak experiences, what this says about you) Turning points( times of signficant change, starts in adolescence) Can be tied together by themes such as redemption(negative scene leads to postitive outcomes, growth and progress, psychological health and maturity) and contamination( an initial positive scene leads to negative outcomes repetition, despair, hopelessness)Likelihood of different themes at different ages
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Stories of college students
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Upward mobility, academic ambition psychological and relational costs parents living vicariously thru the child Inclusion of others in sense of identity pressure and negative effects other non mobile family members unreasonable and impractical ambitions
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When asked to describe himself, Kamden replies, "I have a sister named Jo and I live in Massena." Most likely, Kamden is ________ year(s) old.
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5 years old
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Lauren, a ninth grade student, describes herself as a pretty good guitar player and an excellent math student who can't understand chemistry class. She says she is wild and extroverted with friends in her band, yet is shy and quiet at school. Lauren's self-description reflects:
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The ability to recognize contradictions in her personality
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Self-complexity is often described by the processes of differentiation and integration - how are these related?
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they are complimentary-they seem contradictory but they work together
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Overall our level of self esteem____ in early adolescence and _____in late adolescence
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Decreases; increases the changes are small and not very significant
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Self esteem of early adolescence is largely based on:
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Physical attractiveness once you get to later adolescence its about social acceptance
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When would a person likely experience the most intense fluctuations in barometric self esteem?
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early adolescence
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Recent research has shown that an effective way of increasing school related self esteem is to:
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Teach them knowledge and skills that can be the basis of real achievements.
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According to Erikson, the central task of adolescence focuses on:
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Identity versus role confusion/diffusion
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Each identity status represents a different combination of exploration and:
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commitment
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During her first year of college, Sarah left her options open by choosing a variety of courses. She had planned to be a business major, but after two summers of volunteering in a hospital, she decided that business went against her sense of values. She was able to transfer into a social work program at the start of her second year of college and is now sure she wants to go into social work. During this time, she had stopped going to church. Recently, she has started going to church again but has decided to join an ecumenical congregation that fits best with her beliefs. All in all, Sara feels like she has made the right choices, and has a strong sense of who she is. Which of the following identity statuses best describes Sarah?
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Achievement increased commitment and increased exploration
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when we think about our life stories, we tend to create meaning through____themes, primarily in _____ scenes
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Redemption;turning point
