question

Which of the following changes in the evolutionary history of horses is documented by the fossil record?

answer

A gradual decrease in the number of toes

question

Which is the correct order of gradual specialization, from LEAST specialized to MOST specialized, that cells undergo during development?

answer

Totipotent, Pluripotent, Multiopotent

question

Which of the following is NOT an example of adaptive evolution?

answer

Founder Effect, Mutation, Gene Flow, and Bottleneck

question

Which of the following factors is an effect of how natural selection acts on a given group of organisms?

answer

1) Survival rate of individuals 2) Reproductive success of individuals 3) Which phenotypes are present

question

An individual who carries Staph but isn't sick is referred to as?

answer

Colonized

question

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

answer

The 13 different species of finches flew to the Galapagos Islands and separated themselves in response to different food environments.

question

A bacterial cell that is resistant to a particular antibiotic may spend a large amount of energy producing the modified proteins that are needed for resistance. In such case, what would be the effect on this cell's fitness it no antibiotic was present?

answer

Its fitness would be lower than other strains that lack resistance because it is spending energy that the resistant strains can use for other purposes, such as reproduction.

question

In the past few years, two icebergs nearly the size of _____________ and ________________ broke off form the Pine Island glacier in the western region of Antarctica.

answer

1) Rhode Island and Singapore 2) Brazil and Canada

question

Why aren't human populations evolving to produce immune systems that able to fight off MRSA and other superbugs?

answer

1) Because we may not have the mutations that would improve our immune systems. 2) Because the rate of human evolution is much slower than bacterial evolution.

question

Human actions have altered the global carbon cycle by?

answer

1) Decreasing the number of photosynthetic organisms 2) Cutting down large number of trees 3) Inventing the internal combustion engine and burning fossil fuels 4) Developing and using drilling and mining methods that allow access to previously inaccessible fossil fuel deposits.

question

What can we learn about vertebrate evolution from Tiktaalik that we did not know before?

answer

How vertebrates evolved tetrapod limbs.

question

Antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria tend to first be found in hospitals. Which of the following factors explains why this is the case?

answer

The amount of people using antibiotic is much higher in hospitals, thus provides an environment for selecting resistant strains.

question

Which of the following processes have been shown to contribute to the evolution of antibiotic resistance in S. aureus?

answer

1) Gene swapping with other bacterial strains 2) Genetic mutations during S. aureus reproduction.

question

Why is the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria happening so quickly?

answer

1) Because of overuse of antibiotics in humans 2) Because bacteria can reproduce so quickly 3) Because any use of antibiotics will select for resistant bacteria. 4) Because of overuse of antibiotics in livestock.

question

Why is type O Rh-negative the universal donor?

answer

No surface markers are present on the O Rh-negative blood cells to react with the recipient's immune system.

question

Which of the following factors may prevent most people from developing more than minor skin blemishes when they suffer a Staph infection?

answer

1) Their immune systems are preventing the infection from spreading 2) Helpful bacteria on their skin keep staph in check 3) Their skin is a physical barrier that keeps out the bacteria

question

Why is engineering a bladder more challenging than engineering skin?

answer

1) A bladder has so many more cell types 2) A bladder has a 3-D shape 3) A bladder requires a scaffold on which to grow.

question

What is the biological function of stem cells?

answer

1) To replenish the stock of existing stem cells 2) To replace cells that have been damaged 3) To differentiate into specific cell types

question

Relative to one your liver cells, one of your skin cells _______.

answer

1) Has the same genome (that is same genetic material). 2) Has a different pattern of gene expression.

question

There is a ________ consensus among scientists that global warming exists and that is caused by human activity.

answer

95%

question

Greenland's net ice loss could ________.

answer

Raise sea levels significantly

question

Which of these characteristics would be expected to apply to a transitional fossil?

answer

1) It should have some similarity to species that lived before it. 2) It should have some similarity to species that lived after it.

question

A bacterial cell with which of the following modifications might be resistant to antibiotics such as methicillin?

answer

The ability to produce an enzyme that breaks down the antibiotic.

question

Which of the following can be determined by amniocentesis and karyotyping?

answer

1) Trisomy 21 2) Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

question

Which of the following is a fossil fuel?

answer

1) Natural Gas 2) Crude Oil 3)Coal

question

All of the following are TRUE regarding S. aureus EXCEPT?

answer

Nearly 1% of the US population is colonized with S. aureus.

question

What are some ways that we can reduce out carbon imprint beyond using renewable energy sources?

answer

1) Reducing water use 2) Eating less meat 3) Recycling 4) Driving less

question

What regions will most likely be affected by sea levels rising?

answer

Coastal Regions

question

What is the gas predominantly produced by the burning of fossil fuels?

answer

Carbon Dioxide

question

How do scientists measure changes in the levels of global atmospheric CO2?

answer

They take ice core samples that allow measurement of CO2 over hundreds of thousands of years.

question

Why are more males than females affected by X-Linked recessive genetic disease?

answer

1) Because Males have a Y chromosome that does not represent the same alleles as the X chromosomes and cannot mask the X-linked recessive alleles. 2) Because females have an additional X chromosome to mask the X-Linked recessive allele.

question

Which greenhouse gas is the MOST effective at trapping heat?

answer

Methane

question

Which of the following statements applies to tissues?

answer

1) Multiple cell types are present. 2) Each tissue has a specific function 3) Cells within a tissue cooperate

question

Predict the sex of a baby with an X sex chromosome.

answer

Cannot determine with the chromosome information give. - Males/Females both have X sex chromosomes

question

Darwin's finches cam from a mainland species where some individuals were able to move to the islands and then spread from one island to another. What effect did the initial movement to the Galapagos do to the genetic diversity of the first finches to colonize the islands, and why did it have this effect?

answer

It decreased their genetic diversity because this represents an example of genetic drift.

question

What is the evolutionary process that causes antibiotic-resistant bacteria to increase and antibiotic sensitive bacteria to decrease in an environment where antibiotics are present called?

answer

Natural Selection

question

All of Darwin's finches came form a single species with a normal beak. Which of the following factors can explain the development of the variety of beaks seen in these finches today?

answer

1) Different mutations in beak shape occurred in different populations of finches. 2) Different food sources on each island for different beak shapes on each island. 3) Genetic drift resulted in different islands having different alleles frequencies for the genes controlling beak shapes.

question

Which of the following sequences places Tiktaalik in the correct evolutionary order?

answer

Lobe-Finned Fish, Tiktaalik, Tetrapods

question

Where is most of Earth's ice stored?

answer

Antarctica

question

What is the most abundant greenhouse gas released into our atmosphere?

answer

Water Vapor

question

In addition to the beak differences, which of the following indicates the finches found in the Galapagos Islands have experienced speciation?

answer

They can no longer fly from island to island.

question

Inbreeding can lead to a decrease in what?

answer

Genetic Diversity

question

Rainforests are being burned down and replaced with plants for the palm oil industry. What part of this process is harmful to the environment?

answer

1) It puts many animals in danger of extinction due to the removal of their habitats. 2) the burning of the forests releases trapped carbon into our atmosphere and further promotes global warming. 3) The removal of the forests decreases the plant's ability to absorb CO2 emissions.

question

You shed skin cells everyday. How are those cells replaced?

answer

By Mitotic Division and differentiation of tissue stem cells.

question

Which of the following is not a pattern of natural selection?

answer

1) Diversifying Selection 2) Stabilizing Selection 3) Directional Selection

question

How is it possible for homologous structures to look very different when comparing two different species?

answer

1) Because those species may have been exposed to different environments during their evolution. 2) Because those species may use the structures for very different purposes. 3) Because those two species may be separated by millions of years of evolutionary history.

question

The proportion of alleles present in a gene pool is called _________ and is an important tool in measuring evolutionary changes.

answer

Allele Frequency

question

Which of the following features did Tiktaalik possess that were not possessed by earlier vertebrates?

answer

Fingers and Toes

question

An organism's fitness depends on its what?

answer

Ability to survive and reproduce

question

What products contain palm oil?

answer

1) Processed foods that list vegetable oil as an ingredient. 2) Detergents 3) Cosmetics

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