question

The body mass index (BMI, the ratio of weight to height):

answer

Is lower at age 5 than at any other age in the life span.

question

A 2004 study of 2-t0 4-year-olds from low-income families living in NYC found many children were:

answer

Overweight

question

According to the text, what is the most common disease of young children in developed nations?

answer

Tooth decay

question

When a young child insists that his/her potatoes be placed on a certain part of the dinner plate, he/she is exhibiting:

answer

The "just-right" phenomenon

question

The 2-year-old brain weighs __ percent of what it will weigh in adulthood.

answer

75%

question

Another term for lateralization is:

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Sidedness

question

Which of the following most directly contributes to improved motor coordination in early childhood?

answer

Myelination of the corpus callosum

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Which of the following is cotrolled by the left half of the brain?

answer

Logical reasoning

question

One of the benefits of the maturation of the prefrontal cortex that occurs from the age of 2 to 6 is:

answer

More regular sleep

question

The ____ produces hormones that activate other parts of the brain and body.

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Hypothalamus

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According to sociocultural theory, children learn gross motor skills best from:

answer

Peers

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The most common cause of death in childhood is:

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Accidents

question

Tertiary prevention begins ___ an injury.

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After

question

Failure to meet a child's basicphysical, educaional, or emotional needs is the definition of:

answer

Child neglect

question

By age 6, the average child in a developed naton weighs between __ pounds and is at least ___ feet tall.

answer

40 and 50; 3.5

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The major nutritional deficit in early childhood in DEVELOPED countires is insufficient:

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Iron, zinc, and calcium

question

The "just-right" phenomenon:

answer

Refers to young children's insistence on routine.

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A child's insistence on routine typically peaks at around age:

answer

Three

question

By age 6, the brain weighs ___ percent of what it will weigh in adulthood.

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90%

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The ___ allows communication between the two hemispheres of the brain.

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Corpus Callosum

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The specialization in certain functions by each of the brain is:

answer

Lateralization

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Most people:

answer

Use both sides of the brain for all cognitive functions.

question

Which area is said to be the "exeuctive"of the brain?

answer

Prefrontal cortex

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Perseveration is the opposite of:

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Impulsiveness

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Environmental hazards such as pollution interfere with the development of _____.

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Motor skills

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Whichof these statements is consistent with the notion of injury control?

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Appropriate controls can minimize harm.

question

Laws limiting the number of baby aspirins per container are an example of _____ prevention.

answer

Primary

question

We recognize today that child abuse or maltreatment is:

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Usually perpetrated by the child's parents.

question

A primary-prevention measure to reduce child abuse would be to:

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Decrease financial instability

question

what is Piaget's term for cognitive development between the ages of about 2 and 6?

answer

Preoperational intelligence

question

Which of the following would best explain why a preoperational child would not be able to understand that cats can be both pets and wild animals?

answer

Centration

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A 3-year-old who gives his mother a toy car for HER birthday and expects that she will love it is demonstrating

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Egocentrism

question

An experimenterwholines up seven pairs of checkers in two rows of equal length and asks a child if the rows have the same number ofcheckers is likely testing for conservation of:

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Number

question

After noticing that her 4-year-old brother was having difficulty putting a jigsaw puzzle together, Rose helped him with the task by praising his successes and helping him recognize progress. From Vygotsky's perspective, this is an example of:

answer

Guided Participation

question

The idea that children attempt to explain everything they see and hear by constructing theoriies is called:

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Theory-theory

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Theory of Mind:

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Typically appears rather slowly

question

What did a study comparing preschool children from various countries find to be the primary factor in development of theory of mind?

answer

Brain maturation

question

Early childhood is _____ for language learning.

answer

A sensitive period

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The process by whcih children develop an interconnected set of categories for words is called:

answer

Fast-mapping

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The tendency of a young child to apply rules of grammar when he or shee should not is:

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Overregularization

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According to your text, it is best that children:

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Become equally fluent in two langauges

question

Child-centered programs stress children's development and growth through:

answer

Self-discovery

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the results of a 2006 study of 5 yearolds in inner city milwaukee revealed that, compared to other children, children exposed to a montessori program:

answer

were better a pre-reading and early math tasks

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the goal of teacher directed early-education programs is to:

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make all children "ready to learn"

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Piaget's second of four stages of cognitionis:

answer

Preoperatonal intelligence

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Which Piagetian term literally means "self-centered"?

answer

Egocentrism

question

Which characteristics of preoperational thoughtinvolves a childassumingthethe world is unchanging, always in the state in which the child currently encounter it?

answer

Static reasoning

question

Piaget has been criticized for:

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underestimating cognition during early childhood

question

which of the following is a term associated with Vygotsky's approachtocognitive development?

answer

Scaffolding

question

A study of Mexican American children and the questions that htey ask foundthat:

answer

Most questions were about human behavior, such as "why do peple kiss?".

question

The understanding that other people canhave thoughts and ideas unlike one's own describes:

answer

Theory of Mind

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Whichof the following has beenshown to influence whena child exhibits theory of mind?

answer

age and siblings

question

The average child knows about ___ words at age 2 nad more than ___ at age 6.

answer

500; 10,000

question

Instead ofsaying "feet," 4 year old jasper says "foots." This error is best descrived as an example of:

answer

Over-regularization

question

the term ___ refers to a person whois fluent in two languages,not favoringoneover the other:

answer

Balanced Bilingual

question

Child Centered programs that recognized that children learn through play with other childrenare most consistent with the views of:

answer

Vygotsky

question

Which child-centered approach to early-childhood education places the most emphasis on individual differences, neither requiring children to engage in prescribed learning activities nor any large-group instruction?

answer

Reggio Emilia

question

Which of the following statements about Head Start is true?

answer

some programs involve parents; others do not

question

According to the text, what complicates the evaluation of Head Start programs?

answer

Programs vary in length, curriculum, and goals.

question

The ability to control whenand how emotions are expressed is refeered to as:

answer

Emotional Regulation

question

Preschoolers predictthathtey can solve impossible puzzles or control their dreams. These naive predictions are called:

answer

Protective optimism

question

In an experiment by Lepper and colleagues (1973), children who received an expected award for drawing:

answer

were less likely to draw

question

by the age of ___, children are less likely to throw temper tantrums.

answer

4 or 5

question

an example of an externalizing problem is ___ and an example of an internalizing problem is ___.

answer

Attacking other people; being withdrawn

question

A kind of play identified by Mildred Parten is:

answer

Onlooker

question

Play that mimics aggression,but with no intent to harm, is:

answer

Rough and tumble

question

Baumrind's dimension in which parents vary in standards for responsibility and self-control in thier children is called:

answer

Expectations of maturity

question

Whichofthe following is TRUE concerningpermissive parents?

answer

they have high nurturance

question

Multicultural research on parenting styles and there effects on children has found that:

answer

parental disipline methods are LESS important than parental warmth, support, and concern are.

question

A parent might ask a child, "How would you feel if someone did that to you?"to:

answer

encourage empathy

question

Freud postulated that young boys have an unconscious desire to replace their fathers and win their mother's exclusive love. He called this:

answer

The Oedipus Complex

question

In psychoanalytic theory, the judgementalpart oftheperonality thatinternatized the moral standards of the parents is:

answer

superego

question

which thoery of gender differences focuses primarily on children's understanding?

answer

Cognitive Theory

question

A discipline technique that may damageachild's initiative, social acceptance, and math achievement is:

answer

psychologial control

question

Children who master ___ have learned when and how to express emotions.

answer

emotional regulation

question

Erik Erikson's third develipmental stage- the stage duringwhich pride emerges-is called?

answer

Initiative vs. Guilt

question

___ refers to people'sfeeling that others blame them or disapprove of them.

answer

Shame

question

An illness or disorder of the mindis refeered to as:

answer

Psychopathology

question

Emotional regulation differs between:

answer

younger and older children, cultures, and girls/boys

question

Peers provide practice in:

answer

emotional regulation, empathy, social understanding

question

Sociodramatic play allows children to:

answer

explore and rehearse social roles; practice regulation their emotions; and develop a self-concept ina nonthreatening context.

question

many researchers have traced the effects of parenting on child development, but the researcher whose findings continue to be very influenctial is:

answer

Baumrind

question

parents whohave lowexpectations for mautrity and rarely discipline thier children are characterized by Baumrind as:

answer

Permissive

question

Some Children amy learn basic literacy from educational programs of:

answer

their parents watch with tehm and reinforce the lessons

question

Which of the following terms refers to a true understanding of thefeelings and concerns of antoher person?

answer

empathy

question

johnny, age 6, suddenly makes an angry face at Alan and kicks him hard for no apparent reason. Johnny is displaying:

answer

Antisocial behavior

question

Biological differences between males and females are referred to as:

answer

Sex differences

question

An attempt to defendone's self-concept by taking on the behaviors andattiduesof someone else is:

answer

identification

question

a drive that comes from inside a person is called an

answer

intrinsic motivation

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