developmental psychology quiz 5 – Flashcards
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When looking at the heights and weights of preschool children around the world, we know that there are: a) congenital differences. b) ethnic differences among them. c) no visible differences. d) cases of hyperthyroidism.
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b) ethnic differences among them.
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What have been found to be the two most important contributors to height differences among children worldwide? a) Nationality and culture b) Education and exercise c) Prenatal care and emotional challenges d) Ethnic origin and nutrition
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d) Ethnic origin and nutrition
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One of the major changes in brain development between the ages of 3 and 15 involves an increase in the speed and efficiency of information traveling through the nervous system. This change is brought about by _____. a) centration b) myelination c) tropism d) neurogenesis
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b) myelination
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According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, only children and adolescents at or above the _____ percentile are classified as obese. a) 97th b) 95th c) 90th d) 88th
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a) 97th
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Deaths in young children due to HIV/AIDS especially occur in countries: a) in the northern hemisphere. b) with high rates of poverty and low levels of education. c) where other common children's health problems like malnutrition do not exist. d) where the society is affluent.
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b) with high rates of poverty and low levels of education.
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The second Piagetian stage of development is the preoperational stage, which lasts from approximately _____ years of age. a) 1 to 3 b) 2 to 7 c) 4 to 10 d) 5 to 12
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b) 2 to 7
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According to Piaget, in the _____ stage, the young child's cognitive world is dominated by egocentrism and magical beliefs. a) preoperational b) sensorimotor c) concrete operational d) formal operational
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a) preoperational
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Patricia, 6, loves to decorate books by drawing pictures and putting in words to describe them. Her ideas are more balanced now. She has started to analyze and understand things. However, she is egocentric and holds what her parents describe as "magical beliefs". Patricia is in Piaget's _____ stage of development. a) sensorimotor b) concrete operational c) formal operational d) preoperational
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d) preoperational
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In the _____ substage, children use scribble designs to represent people, houses, cars, clouds, and so on. a) formal operational b) intuitive thought c) concrete operational d) symbolic function
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d) symbolic function
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Three-and-a-half-year-old Ruth draws a picture with lavender, purple, and blue colors intermixed with green, yellow, and brown. "It's a boat on the ocean at sunset, with whales jumping all around it"! she explains to her teacher. Which of the following does this explain? a) Animism b) Conservation c) Intuitive thought d) Symbolic function
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d) Symbolic function
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The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone else's perspective is known as _____. a) animism b) empathy c) egocentrism d) symbolism
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c) egocentrism
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"My computer doesn't like me—it keeps eating my pictures", says 3-year old Kimberly. This is an example of: a) animism. b) intuitive thinking. c) conservation. d) egocentrism.
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a) animism.
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Vygotsky believed that children construct knowledge through: a) self-discovery. b) social interaction. c) reorganization of existing knowledge. d) transforming previous knowledge.
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b) social interaction.
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After a while self-talk becomes second nature to children, and they can act without verbalizing, thus creating a form of _____ which becomes their thoughts. a) mindstream b) inner speech c) lisping d) private speech
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b) inner speech
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"Tools of the Mind" is a program that is grounded in _____ theory of cognitive development. a) Vygotsky's b) Erikson's c) Sternberg's d) Piaget's
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a) Vygotsky's
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In a "Tools of the Mind" classroom, _____ has a central role. a) nutrition b) didactic lecture c) dramatic play d) abstract presentation
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c) dramatic play
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Tale is in a "Tools of the Mind" classroom. His teacher guides him to plan his own message by drawing a line to stand for each word he says. Tale then repeats the message, pointing to each line as he/she says the word. Finally, Tale writes on the lines, trying to represent each word with some letters or symbols. This process is called: a) model drawing. b) scaffolding writing. c) word visualizing. d) positive role-play.
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b) scaffolding writing.
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Vygotsky's view of the importance of _____ on children's development fits with the current belief that it is important to evaluate the contextual factors in learning. a) autonomy b) sociocultural influences c) economic status of teachers d) scaffolding
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b) sociocultural influences
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Which of the following statements about Vygotsky's theory is true? a) Cognition primarily directs language development. b) Language has a minimal role in shaping thought. c) Language plays a powerful role in shaping thought. d) Education merely refines the child's cognitive skills that have already emerged.
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c) Language plays a powerful role in shaping thought.
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A police officer visits Ben and Heather's class to discuss safety rules. To attract the children's attention, the officer brings colorful balloons and lots of jars of bubbles for the children to blow. Later, Heather tells her parents all about the balloons and bubbles but cannot remember any of the safety rules the officer presented. Heather obviously paid more attention to what was _____. a) salient b) relevant c) habituated d) intended
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a) salient
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A police officer visits Timothy and Evelyn's class to discuss safety rules. To attract the children's attention, the officer brings colorful balloons and lots of jars of bubbles for the children to blow. Later, Timothy tells his parents all about the safety rules the officer discussed. Timothy obviously paid attention to what was _____. a) salient b) relevant c) habituated d) superfluous
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b) relevant
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After the age of _____, children attend more efficiently to the dimensions of the task that are relevant. a) 3 or 4 b) 4 or 5 c) 6 or 7 d) 5
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c) 6 or 7
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In a study comparing the memory spans of preschool and elementary school children, the latter group consistently scored better. This apparent increase in memory span with age could be explained partly by how: a) the peer group plays a part in short-term memory. b) older children rehearse the digits more than younger children do. c) elementary schools practice scaffolding. d) memory-span tests are not always an accurate measure of short-term memory.
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b) older children rehearse the digits more than younger children do.
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With regard to perception, by _____ years of age, a child recognizes that another person will see what is in front of his/her own eyes instead of what is in front of the child's eyes. a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5
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a) 2
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Zelda, 3, is always asking questions like "Where Daddy is going"? and "What Mommy is doing"? This indicates that she is yet to learn the auxiliary-inversion rule and to apply rules of: a) pragmatics. b) morphology. c) syntax. d) phonology.
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c) syntax.
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Around _____ years of age, children learn to change their speech style to suit the situation. a) 6 or 7 b) 7 or 8 c) 2 or 3 d) 4 or 5
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d) 4 or 5
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Dorothy is enrolled in a preschool where she spends much of her time in unstructured activity. She plays with different toys she chooses, and her teacher facilitates rather than teaches. Which of the following approaches is Dorothy's preschool using? a) Kindergarten b) Rogerian c) Montessori d) Success-oriented
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c) Montessori
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Which of the following is a criticism related to the Montessori approach? a) It lays too much emphasis on social interaction. b) It does not employ self-corrective materials. c) It lays too much emphasis on imaginative play. d) It neglects children's socioemotional development.
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d) It neglects children's socioemotional development.
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Early Head Start was established in 1995 to serve children from _____ years of age. a) 4 to 5 b) 2 to 4 c) 5 to 10 d) birth to 3
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d) birth to 3
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Two current controversies in early childhood education, as given in the text, involve: a) curriculum and universal preschool education in the United States. b) the quality of inner-city schools and free education to all. c) the use of corporal punishment in schools and the use of uniforms. d) Christian holidays for all and boarding schools.
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a) curriculum and universal preschool education in the United States.
