question

Sleep apnea is a disorder involving:

answer

the cessation of breathing during sleep.

question

Three hours after going to sleep, Shoshanna's heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Shoshanna is:

answer

dreaming

question

The belief that death involves the liberation of the soul from a bodily prison illustrates:

answer

dualism

question

Drug tolerance refers to the

answer

reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular usage.

question

Under hypnosis, Mrs. Mohammed is encouraged by her therapist to vividly experience and describe the details of an argument she had with her father when she was a child. The therapist is employing a technique called:

answer

age regression

question

After sleeping for about an hour and a half, José enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. He is likely to:

answer

have very relaxed muscles.

question

Twenty-eight-year-old Theodore has an irrational fear of dogs. His therapist hypnotizes him and asks him to mentally relive his earliest childhood experience with a dog. The therapist is making use of:

answer

age regression.

question

Advocates of the social influence theory of hypnosis are likely to argue that:

answer

E. hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of good hypnotic subjects.

question

Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its ________ content.

answer

manifest

question

Which of the following is a psychedelic drug?

answer

LSD

question

After drinking three cans of beer, Akiva felt less guilty about the way he mistreated his wife and children. Akiva's reduced guilt most likely resulted from the fact that his alcohol consumption has:

answer

E. reduced his self-awareness.

question

Studies of marijuana's effects indicate that:

answer

A. regular users may achieve a high with less of the drug than occasional users.

question

Those who emphasize that mood fluctuations may be indicative of seasonal affective disorder are highlighting the importance of:

answer

D. biological rhythms.

question

Forty-year-old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably:

answer

C. would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep.

question

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called:

answer

hallucinations.

question

When light strikes the retina, it signals the suprachiasmatic nucleus to alter ________ production by the pineal gland.

answer

melatonin

question

Deep sleep appears to play an important role in:

answer

B. physical growth.

question

As Inge recalled her dream, she was dancing with a tall, dark gentleman when suddenly the music shifted to loud rock and the man disappeared. According to Freud, Inge's account represents the ________ content of her dream.

answer

manifest

question

Nightmares are to ________ as night terrors are to ________.

answer

A. REM sleep; Stage 4 sleep

question

LSD is most likely to produce:

answer

B. hallucinations.

question

Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms are indicative of:

answer

E. physical dependence.

question

When people are experiencing vivid dreams:

answer

A. their eyes are likely to move under their closed eyelids.

question

One theory suggests that the brain activity associated with ________ is helpful for developing and preserving neural pathways in the brain.

answer

dreaming

question

Research on dreaming indicates that:

answer

A. some people are able to test their state of consciousness while dreaming.

question

Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia?

answer

C. Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime.

question

After repeatedly taking alcohol spiked with a nausea-producing drug, people with alcoholism may fail to develop an aversive reaction to alcohol because they blame their nausea on the drug. This illustrates the importance of ________ in classical conditioning.

answer

A. cognitive processes

question

It is easier to train a dog to bark for food than to train it to stand on its hind legs for food. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in learning.

answer

A. biological predispositions

question

The first experimental studies of associative learning were conducted by:

answer

Pavlov

question

Elijah has learned to expect that whenever he studies diligently for tests, he will receive good grades. This suggests that associative learning involves:

answer

C. cognitive processes.

question

Dogs conditioned to salivate to stimulation of the thigh also begin to salivate when stimulated on other body parts. This best illustrates:

answer

generalization

question

Five-year-old Trevor is emotionally disturbed and refuses to communicate with anyone. To get him to speak, his teacher initially gives him candy for any utterance, then only for a clearly spoken word, and finally only for a complete sentence. The teacher is using the method of:

answer

shaping

question

After receiving a painful shot from a female nurse in a white uniform, 3-year-old Vaclav experiences fear of any woman wearing a white dress. Vaclav's reaction best illustrates:

answer

generalization

question

Children of abusive parents often learn to be aggressive by imitating their parents. This illustrates the importance of:

answer

D. observational learning.

question

Despite the painful hangovers that follow his use of alcohol, Boris continues to drink because just a couple of drinks begin to reduce his anxiety. His continued drinking most clearly illustrates the power of:

answer

A. immediate reinforcement.

question

Jeremy wears his baseball cap backward because he noticed his older brother does so. This illustrates the importance of:

answer

modeling

question

An allergy attack triggered by the sight of plastic flowers best illustrates the process of:

answer

generalization

question

Compared with apartment dwellers whose landlords pay their electricity costs, those apartment dwellers who pay their own electric bills use less electricity. This most clearly illustrates that consumer electricity usage is influenced by:

answer

C. operant conditioning.

question

In order to teach an animal to perform a complex sequence of behaviors, animal trainers are most likely to use a procedure known as:

answer

shaping

question

Learning associations between one's own personal actions and resulting events is most relevant to the process of:

answer

C. operant conditioning.

question

The reappearance, after a time lapse, of an extinguished CR is called:

answer

B. spontaneous recovery.

question

Bandura's experiments indicate that ________ is important in the process of learning.

answer

modeling

question

Two-year-old Philip was recently clawed by the neighbor's cat. Philip's newly developed tendency to fear all small animals demonstrates the process of:

answer

generalization

question

The ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and similar stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus is called:

answer

discrimination

question

Two years ago, the de Castellane Manufacturing Company included its employees in a profit-sharing plan in which workers receive semi-annual bonuses based on the company's profits. Since this plan was initiated, worker productivity at de Castellane has nearly doubled. This productivity increase is best explained in terms of:

answer

E. operant conditioning.

question

A Skinner box is a(n):

answer

B. chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a reward.

question

Mr. Zandee has stopped smoking because he wants to model healthy behavior patterns for his children. Mr. Zandee is apparently aware of the importance of ________ in his children's development.

answer

A. observational learning

question

Without any explicit training from adults, many 8-year-old children know how to turn the ignition key in order to start their parents' cars. This best illustrates the importance of:

answer

observational learning.

question

The process of reinforcing successively closer approximations to a desired behavior is called:

answer

shaping

question

In explaining prosocial behavior, B. F. Skinner would most likely have emphasized:

answer

the beneficial consequences of prosocial behavior.

question

By directly experiencing a thunderstorm, we learn that a flash of lightning signals an impending crash of thunder. This best illustrates:

answer

classical conditioning.

Unit 5&6 Practice Test – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards