question

Doris Humphrey (1895-1958)

answer

-Key figures in modern dance movements -Born in Oak Park, Illinois -Received early training from Mary Wood Hinman, well-known dance educator (ballroom, folk and aesthetic dance) -In 1917, Humphrey began to study with Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn (joint Denishawn dance company) -In Denishawn, professionally performed and tour in the U.S and other countries -In 1928, Charles Weidman and Humphrey left Denishawn and founded a school and small performing company in New York (The Humphrey-Weidman Company) -Great success during the Great Depression touring America and creating new styles and works based on current issues The Humphrey-Weidman Company dismissed in 1945 due to Humphrey's Arthritis of hip

question

What dance company did Doris Humphrey found and with who?

answer

The Humphrey-Weidman Company with Charles Weidman

question

What dance school did Doris Humphrey come from?

answer

Denishawn

question

What pieces did Humphrey-Weidman choreograph?

answer

-Air for the G String (1928) -Song of the West (1940) -Inquest (1944), and -New Dance Trilogy (1935-1936) -a triptych comprising "With My Red Fires," "New Dance," and "Theater Piece."

question

Doris Humphrey dance style

answer

-Invariably chose serious theme (19th century slum life, maturation and competitive society) -Style based on Greek approach -Use of light feet movements -Gift of releasing, rather than cramping

question

Who created the style of fall and recovery?

answer

Doris Humphrey - Movement exploration led to examine the ability to resist and give up to the forces of gravity to maintain balance

question

Style of Humphrey's work

answer

-highly moving -Less concerted with dramatic representation -Abstract evocation of mood -Emphasizing pull of gravity (through intensive studies of movements) -small groupings and large-scale group

question

Contribution of Doris Humphrey

answer

-Extremely influential in the development of American dance in education -One of the great native choreographers of the U.S. -Considered one of the greatest teachers of choreography as a fine art -Humphrey became an artistic director for Jose Limon Company (made a major contribution to the American dance theatre) -Taught Connecticut college and Juilliard School (original faculty) -Major publication: The Art of Making Dances (1958)

question

Who became an artistic director of Jose Limon company?

answer

Doris Humphrey

question

Who taught at Connecticut College and was part of the original faculty of Julliard?

answer

Doris Humphrey

question

What was Doris Humphrey's major publication?

answer

The Art of Making Dances

question

Charles Weidman

answer

-Born in Nebraska in 1901 -Joined Denishawn school and company in 1920 -Pupil of Doris Humphrey -Gifted for pantomime -Recognized as the leading male dance comic

question

Charles Weidman's works

answer

Weidman's works (inspired by comic drawings) -The war between men and women (1954) -Flickers (1941) -House Divided (1945) -Is sex necessary (1960)

question

What were Charles Weidman's works inspired by?

answer

comic drawings

question

Style of Charles Weidman

answer

Choreographed a number of major Broadway musical Created inventive movements -fragmentary -comic -use of abrupt changes of tempo/rhythm and dynamics -tend to be light, humorous and entertaining

question

Jose Limon

answer

Born in Mexico and brought up in California -one of the most influential figure in American modern dance -interested in painting and music, turned to dance in 1928 -during the 1930s, mostly performed and choreographed for small groups -Limon Joined the Humphrey-Weidman company (leading male dancer) -After World War II, founded his own company with Doris Humphrey as artistic director in 1945 -Company received critical acclaim and had several tours of Europe and South America (Sponsored by the State Department)

question

What company did Jose Limon join and as what?

answer

leading male dancer of the Humphrey-Weidman company

question

Characteristics of Limon's works

answer

Malinche -the retelling of ancient legend of the conquest of Mexico by Spain The Moor's Pavane -the story of Othello by Shakespeare (Death and Jealousy) Traitor -the story of Jesus and Judas -Works have dealt with Spanish or Mexican themes Somber, powerful, theatrical and majestic

question

The Moore's Pavane

answer

premiere at the Connecticut College in 1949 -Limon's best-known work, is in the repertory of more than 30 companies, ballet and modern, in the United States as well as Europe

question

What was Jose Limon's best known work?

answer

The Moore's Pavane

question

What works did Jose Limon choreograph?

answer

Malinche, Mexico by Spain, Traitor, The Moore's Pavane

question

What type of theme does Jose Limon have?

answer

Spanish or Mexican themes - somber, powerful, theatrical, and majestic

question

Limon as an educator

answer

-The head faculty at Connecticut college -A director of Juilliard Dance Theatre -Artistic director of Limon Dance Company ( Donald Mckayle, Anna Sokolow and Doris Humphrey)

question

Doris Humphrey introduced new styles based on what?

answer

current issues

question

Who choreographed Air for the G string?

answer

Doris Humphrey

question

What type of dance is the Traitor considered?

answer

Classical modern dance

question

What is significant about the Moore's Pavane?

answer

First piece choreographed to Shakespeare

question

What was the quality of Weidman's dance?

answer

Light, humorous, entertaining, comical

question

Martha Graham (1894-1991)

answer

-Described as the greatest American choreographer -One of the few persons to create new forms of movement -Born in Pennsylvania in 1894 -Impressed by Ruth St. Denis dance in 1916 and entered Denishawn School in LA as student -In 1919 Graham joined Denishawn company with the leading female role in Xochitl -Performed several times with St. Denis and Shawn in the U.S and abroad -Studied intensely with Ted Shawn -In 1923 Graham struck out on her own (Danced in the Greenwich Village Follies and taught at the Eastman School of Music in Rochester) -In 1926, offered Graham's first dance concert in NYC-embarked on her career as choreographer and performer (Martha Graham founded her dance company and school, living and working out of a tiny Carnegie Hall studio in midtown Manhattan) -Composed over 100 dances between 1926-1949 (many of them are full-scale theater pieces)

question

What themes did Martha Graham cover?

answer

-Covered a tremendously wide range of themes in her dances (American Indian and primitive ritual, American pioneers, tragicomedy, Greek mythology, and both narrative and abstract works dealing with psychological insights and conflicts) None of Graham dances can be assigned to just one thematic category -extremely complex in term of symbolic meaning -unfailingly experimental -uncompromising -psychological implications -literary illusion -often disturbing -the source of angry resistance Graham constantly is concerned with the universality of human emotions and behavior, and with the revelation of human character -Portrayed physical substance to -Lamentation -Celebration Hate Passion Experience Dreams Fears Tragedies

question

Martha Graham technique

answer

-Always avoided a single set vocabulary or system of dance movement -Movement principles and techniques for the development of the body to the full range of its potential -opposition to characteristics of classic ballet -Basic human movement -Graham threw traditional ballet techniques (Straight long legs and the pointed toes) -Used flexed foot -Relaxed hand -Continues unfolding movements from central core (contraction and release) -Added spasm and resistance -Discovered a whole technique of balancing on bent knees -Invented turns with a changing and swinging axis

question

Martha Graham and Music

answer

-Graham has commissioned many of the leading composers to write music for her (Louis Horst -her mentor, William Schuman and Robert Starer) -Danced to classical works (Gluk, Mendelssohn, Debussy, Bach and Handel) -Used orchestral music -Danced to the spoken words -Danced to a variety of forms of music/sound in between

question

Martha Graham and Fashion

answer

-Set a whole fashion with respect to stage design and imaginative costume designs -Used long dress (fabric) -Created movements with the effect of costumes -Introduced number of staging techniques that are now widely used -Symbolic props and sets -The use of mobile scenery -The use of sculpturally designed props (as a fully integrated part of the movement design of the dance works)

question

Contribution of Martha Graham

answer

-Create most of the leading modern dancers of the 1930th and 1940th -Graham dancers were (Early years: Erick Hawkins, Merce Cunningham, Dorothy Bird and Mark Ryder) (Recent years: Helen McGehee, Robert Cohan, Yuriko and Bertram Ross) -Many of Graham dancer became outstanding teachers and choreographers

question

Graham's great contributions to the American modern dance

answer

-Graham was the first to regularly use African Americans and Asians in her company (while earlier companies had established a rigid color line) -During 1950s and 60s, Graham composed major works of American dance theater - Judith (1950), The Triumph of Saint Joan (1951), Embattled Garden (1958), Phaedra (1962), Letter to the World and Lamentation

question

Martha Graham During the mid 20th Century

answer

Graham operated her school in NYC (offered special short-term courses for teachers) -Presented master classes at Connecticut College -Toured both the U.S. and Europe -Received overwhelming acclaim as an American modern dancer/choreographer

question

Errand Into the maze (1947)

answer

-Choreographic theme = Greek myth as her symbol of the conquering of fear. -Representation of the heart's darkness in order to face and do battle with the Creature of Fear -conquer fear of sex; battle within us about fear

question

Who choreographed Lamentation?

answer

Martha Graham

question

Who choreographed Errand Into the Maze?

answer

Martha Graham

question

What dance company is Martha Graham from?

answer

Denishawn

question

Who created modern dance?

answer

Isadora Duncan

question

Who first evoked freedom in an artistic way?

answer

Isadora Duncan

question

Ruth St. Denis

answer

-Born in New Jersey in 1877 -Took only three dance lessons from Italian ballerina, Madam Bonfanti -Interested in theater (toured as an actress, skirt dancer and toe dancer) -interested in Egyptian dance in 1904 -created first Egyptian/Hindu dance production ballet "Radha" in 1906 -"Radha" (authentic costumes with oriental flavored music, became instantly popular) -St. Denis toured with "Radha" on Vaudeville circuit in the U.S., British Isles and Europe -Created many other exotic dances (The Nautch Dance, The Yogi and O-Mika) -Based on Japanese drama -Colorful theatricality (influenced by Loie Fuller) -Different stage lights and veils for the costumes -Greatly influenced by spiritual quality and emotional force of Isadora Duncan

question

Who choreographed Radha?

answer

Ruth St. Denis

question

Who was influenced by Lois Fuller's colorful theatricality?

answer

Ruth St. Denis

question

What modern dance pioneer influenced Ruth St. Denis?

answer

-Greatly influenced by spiritual quality and emotional force of Isadora Duncan -St. Denis watched Duncan's dance in 1900 in London ("Duncan as having a divine inheritance from ancient Greece and as being the embodiment of cosmic rhythm")

question

What dance school did Ruth St. Denis found with her husband?

answer

-in 1914 Ruth St. Denis married Ted Shawn (founded Denishawn) -Denishawn remained together as a team until 1932

question

Ted Shawn

answer

-Born in Kansas City in 1891 -entered college in Denver to study for the ministry -Studied dance as remedial exercise -Entered the field professionally -First male dancer to achieve a high level of recognition/technique in modern dance -Met St. Denis while touring the country

question

Denishawn School of Dance

answer

-Founded in 1915 by Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn in Los Angeles -Toured San Francisco, Oregon and New York Shawn's suggestion -opening dance institution as a dual-purpose -Needed a financial income and educating ideas of new Modern dance -St. Denis and Shawn opened school with an education of ballet, modern, ballroom, pedagogy and choreography -Increased number of other branches of schools -Many teachers from the Denishawn school in smaller cities throughout the country -St. Denis and Shawn choreographed and staged many of vaudeville pieces

question

First male to gain recognition in modern dance?

answer

Ted Shawn

question

What caused the end of Denishawn?

answer

End of Denishawn in 1929 marriage crisis as well as the economy

question

Ted Shawn and His Men Dancers

answer

-Ted Shawn's second dance company "Ted Shawn and His Men Dancers" -Shawn's vision of American male dancers -Make America accept the importance of the male dancer's role, as well as his importance in the dance -Most of Shawn's works stressed and celebrated the male body movement

question

What two dancers were the first to educate America about modern dance?

answer

Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn

question

Who founded Jacob's Pillow?

answer

Ted Shawn founded the Jacob's Pillow in Massachusetts

question

Jacob's Pillow

answer

-a dance school, retreat, and theater -Shawn and his dance group used this space as a performance space -developed into the festival that is one of the largest dance festival until today, Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival

question

Contribution of Ruth St. Denis

answer

-Filled with theatrical appeal -great use of color, light, scenery and exotic costuming -Great preoccupation with religious themes and mysticism -Movements based on ethnic based works (not authentically traditional) -Provided exotic styles of dance than ballet

question

Contribution of Ted Shawn

answer

-Less mystic and more analytical -Considerable respect for technical training in dance -Created Shawn's men's company and Jacob's Pillow Dance School -Focused on the need to develop male dancers -Obtained recognition for dancing as a worthy art for men (in the U.S. on concert stage and in colleges and universities) -Made widespread use of American theme-early pioneers, the Indians and the American Negro -Xochitl -Shawn's production of Aztec theme (stylized movement with ancient Mexican reliefs) -St. Denis and Shawn conducted intensive research for the production -Labor Symphony and Kinetic Molpai less literal -Vigorous and abstract representation of primitive forces and masculine vigor

question

Major Contribution of Denishawnduring the early 20th Centuries

answer

-Brought tremendous influence on the youth of America -Seriously regarded dance was European/greatest American dancers like Isadora Duncan spent major part of their careers in Europe -Provided a training ground for the great modern dancers (Martha Graham, Doris humphrey and Charles Weidman -leading Denishawn dancers

question

Who were the three leading dancers from Denishawn?

answer

Martha Graham, Doris Humphrey, and Charles Weidman

question

When was Radha choreographed?

answer

1906

question

What other oriental dances did Ruth St. Denis choreograph?

answer

The Nautch Dance, The Yogi and O-Mika) -Based on Japanese drama Indian dance

question

Who did Ted Shawn choreograph Xochitil for?

answer

Martha Graham

question

What did Ted Shawn focus on?

answer

Technicality, using a legitimate system, and the need for ballet to explore the rest of dance

question

What did Ted Shawn choreograph?

answer

Xochitl, Labor Symphony, Kinetic Molpai

question

The Birth of Modern Dance

answer

-Broke away from the classical ballet -Urged a new use of dance as a powerful medium of personal expression -Beginning with Isadora Duncan -Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn -developed modern dance as a theater art

question

What is modern dance?

answer

-A form of dance which rebelled against the formalism and stereotyped choreography and productions of classical ballet -Rejecting the set vocabulary of the ballet and its artificiality -Based on natural, expressive, basic movement through dancer's broad range of feeling -Communication of emotional experiences, intuitive perceptions and elusive truths -No single tradition of instruction or universal system of technique -Main purpose of modern dance = Freedom

question

Francoise Delsarte

answer

-French teacher of music and acting -Greatly influenced Ruth St. Denis, Isadora Duncan and Ted Shawn, as well as a generation of 20th century German and European dancers -Developed a logical system of expressive movement and gesture -Developed freedom and relaxation of every part of the body (mind and spirit)

question

Who was the first to introduce the idea of modern dance to Isadora Duncan, Ruth St. Denis, Ted Shawn, etc.?

answer

Francoise Delsarte who taught his Delsartism class while they were learning ballet; focused on relaxation and breathing

question

Loie Fuller(1862-1928)

answer

-Independent performer -One of the most "unusual" American performer in the 1920s -Found audiences chiefly in Europe -Created a number of dance (Known as "skirt dance") -full skirts -yards of luminous veils -100 yards of fabric with colored lights -electric lights -experimentation with the use of moving lanterns of colored glass

question

Who was the first to introduce free movements and improvisation?

answer

Lois Fuller

question

Who choreographed the Skirt Dance?

answer

Lois Fuller

question

Who was Lois Fuller's lighting designer?

answer

Thomas Edison

question

Who introduced electric lighting, lighting effects, and experimented with colored glass?

answer

Lois Fuller

question

How did Lois Fuller inspire Isadora Duncan?

answer

Greatly influenced Isadora Duncan -colored lights -fabrics -glass mirrors on the ground -luminescent cloth -use of skilled electricians -brilliant stage effects

question

Isadora Duncan(1878-1927)

answer

-Born in San Francisco, Ca -Studied ballet as a child -Soon broke away from the classic form -At an early age- Duncan began to give dancing lessons -At the age of 18, gave concerts in NY at the Carnegie Hall Studios -In 1899, performed in London and Paris (developed an interest in Greek vases and statuary) -In 1900s, danced in Berlin, Italy, Budapest, Greece and Russia -In 1905, met Diaghilev and Stravinsky (visited Imperial Ballet School) -Stimulated a controversy between the traditional ballet manias and those who proposed reform of the ballet -Strongly influenced Michel Fokine -Threw away conventional corsets, ballet slippers and tutus of the period

question

Characteristics of Isadora Duncan's dance

answer

-Danced barefooted, barelegged with short Greek tunic -Performed moderate lifts, run, skips and leaps -Arms extended in an up-soaring gestures -Never held in a fixed or formalized way -Neck and face were mobile and expressive Simple and heroic movements -Inspired by ancient Greek ideals (ignored American dance) -Danced to serious classical music and felt freedom in classicism -Admired the ideals of the Russian Revolution and their desire for freedom and liberty

question

Isadora Duncan and her life

answer

-Influenced by major social and ideological forces of the 20th century -Called herself "pagan puritan" -Supported the cause of feminism and proclaimed the right of women (right of women's marriage and bearing of children as they pleased) -Had a much publicized affair with: -English actor and stage director, Edward Gordon Craig -Paris singer whose father founded the Singer sewing-machine company -Married Sergei Essenin, Russian Poet -Provided items for gossip -Always remained as serious artist -Was a true feminist -Monstrous trick of fate in Ducan's life -Children died in a car accident in Paris -Duncan died on September 14, 1927 in Nice (car accident) * Final works before she died : "I go to glory"

question

Isadora's contribution

answer

-Cast dance in a new light -Created Dance as a means of personal expression, powerful and emotional stage art -Freed from rigid classical technique and stereotyped performance

question

Who got rid of pointe shoes and introduced barefoot dancing?

answer

Isadora Duncan

question

History of tap dance, how did it begin?

answer

Slave trade in America in 19th centuries Africans communicate with each other -long distant communication in code (use of drums) a rhythmic collision of cultures Slave-holders prohibited the use of drums in South African-Americans discovered the way to transfer their rhythms to their feet The tapping with complex rhythmic was developed, and a subtle, intricate and vital physical code of expression was born

question

Who was the first black performer in the U.S.?

answer

William Henry Lane

question

William Henry Lane (1825-1852)

answer

known as Master Juba and the "Juba dance" Incorporated a mix of European Jig, Clog and African Rhythms First black performer in the United States to play onstage for white audiences and toured with a white minstrel group Brought the creation of Tap in America as a theatrical art form

question

Who brought the creation of tap to american as a theatrical art form?

answer

William Henry Lane

question

Tap dancers in 19th century

answer

-White performers copied many of intricate tap steps and the Shuffle Dance style -The slave dances were adapted theatrically in 1828 in the first blackface minstrel show, in the dancing of Thomas "Daddy" Rice -Brought a great fame within the minstrel shows around 1830

question

First black performer who broke the color line?

answer

Bill Robinson

question

Bill Robinson (1878-1949)

answer

-America's most famous tap dancer -known for dancing on the balls of his feet (the toe taps) and stair (step) dance -the first black tap dancer to break through the Broadway color line -became one the best and highest paid performers of his day -In color (1930), Stormy Weather (1949)

question

What are two famous performances of Bill Robinson?

answer

In color and Story Weather

question

Who was known for dancing on the balls of his feet and the stair dance?

answer

Bill Robinson

question

The expanded styles in the 1930s and 1940s

answer

-dancers such as Fred Astaire, Paul Draper, Ray Bolger and Nicolas Brothers -Gene Kelly (1912-1996) in the 1950s added movements from ballet and modern dance performed in Singin' in the Rain was a dominant force in Hollywood musical films from the mid 1940s until in the late 1950s

question

First black tapper to break into broadway?

answer

Bill Robinson

question

Nicholas Brothers

answer

famous African American team of dancing brothers, Fayard (1914-2006) and Harold (1921-2000). With their highly acrobatic technique ("flash dancing"), high level of artistry and daring innovations, they were considered by many the greatest tap dancers of their day

question

Performed duet "Jumpin' Jive" in Stormy Weather

answer

Nicholas Brothers

question

Gene Kelly (1912-1996)

answer

-added movements from ballet and modern dance -performed in Singin' in the Rain -was a dominant force in Hollywood musical films from the mid 1940s until in the late 1950s

question

Who performed in Singin' in the Rain?

answer

Gene Kelly

question

History of Jazz

answer

-End of World War I and social revolution -Rebelling customs and values of previous generations (stockings, short skirts, and straight up-and-down look, scandalized elders in the cabarets, night clubs, and speakeasies that replaced the ballrooms) -Dancing became more informal and acceptable new culture for new generation (Steps: shimmy, rag, Charleston and black bottom) -Jazz originated in the nineteenth century (in the seamy dance halls and brothels of the South and Midwest) -Jazz commonly referred to sexual intercourse -The birthplace of jazz: New Orleans, St. Louis -Ethnic people gravitated to the bars and brothels (major factor in the development of jazz) -In the1900s, a blend of Spanish, French, English, German, Italian, Slavic and countless blacks originally brought in as slaves -Traditional black social dances (Southern black people started creating European music with Afro modifications)

question

Who choreographed Singing in the Rain?

answer

Collab between Gene Kelly and Stanley Donen

question

Gene Kelly's characteristics in history?

answer

Added ballet and modern technique to tap dance

question

Where was the birth of Jazz?

answer

New Orleans, St. Louis

question

Vernon and Irene Castle

answer

Castle created elegant social dance form (created Fox-Trot)

question

Who is the father of jazz dance technique?

answer

Jack Cole

question

Jack Cole

answer

-developed techniques that currently used in musicals, films, television commercials and videos -Cole's style embraces (isolations, rapid directional changes, angled placement and long knee slides)

question

Cole's choreography in broadway

answer

in 1953 - Kismet - in 1962 - A funny thing happened on the way to the forum - in 1972 - Mane of La Mancha

question

Which jazz choreographer introduced isolations and other jazz technique?

answer

Jack Cole

question

Who is the father of broadway?

answer

Bob Fasse

question

Bob Fasse

answer

-A musical choreographer and a film director -Master pieces for Broadway Musical ('Cabaret', 'Sweet Charity', 'Damn Yankees' and 'Chicago') -Characteristic of Fosse's dance style (inward knees, rounded shoulders and full-body isolations)

question

Who choreographed Cabaret, Sweet Charity, Damn Yankees, and Chicago?

answer

Bob Fasse

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