question

There are at least 8 different developmental & learning theories that encompass most educational issues about young children.

answer

True

question

There is one set of principles that is the overriding theory of child development.

answer

False

question

A hypothesis is an educated guess.

answer

True

question

In psycho-dynamic terms, the unconscious refers to being in a coma.

answer

False

question

Psycho-dynamic theories assume that life is a series of stages through which each person must pass.

answer

True

question

Erikson believes that children have crises, or challenges, in each stage of development.

answer

True

question

Edward Thorndike gave us the notion of tabula rasa.

answer

False

question

Behaviorists would say that the environment and daily schedule are important in learning.

answer

True

question

Positive reinforcers can be tokens or toys but cannot include attention or praise.

answer

False

question

One of Piaget's basic processes of thinking is accommodation, which is taking new information and changing what is already thought to fit the new information, changing the knowledge base.

answer

True

question

Piaget states that the organism is usually in a state of disequalibrium, and that only when the person is "at rest" will learning take place.

answer

Talse

question

Brain maturation is reflected in the development of neurons, called myelination.

answer

True

question

According to Piagetian theory, children think differently than adults.

answer

True

question

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory describes a zone of proximal development.

answer

True

question

Incorporating a child's family and culture into learning may help a child with "bicognitive development".

answer

True

question

The theory of multiple intelligences means that a child will need to learn a multitude of skills in order to be considered "smart".

answer

False

question

Maturation theory is the process of phsyical and mental growth that is deteremined by heredity. Arnold Gessell's theory states that the sequence of developmental stages is universal as are the precise ages.

answer

False

question

There are sex differences in behavior beacuse of heredity more than the environment.

answer

False

question

Piaget believed that the development of thinkig is extrinsic.

answer

False

question

Piaget believed that children learn best when they are shown how to do something.

answer

False

question

As they mature children integrate and assimilate their play experiences.

answer

True

question

Boys are more likely to develop phsycial or mental disorders than girls.

answer

False

question

Bruer claims that neuroscientists are very adept at determinging how school learning affects the brain at the synaptic level.

answer

False

question

a. the differences between girls and boys. b. the theory of maturation. c. the controversy between liberals and conservatives. D. the issue of heredity versus environment.

answer

The nature/nuture controversy is:

question

a. the language of the caregiver is different from that of the child. b. caregivers have low expectations of children based on their membership in a low-status cultural group. c. none of these answers. D. both a & b.

answer

Special problems can arise in cross-cultural teaching settings when:

question

a. Each child hashis/her own unique needs and rights. b. Cultural and social expectations are the same. c. Temperament and energy level are the same. d. Rate of language growth in vocabulary is the same. E. Children go through the same developmental stages.

answer

Which of the following statements is universal for all children?

question

a. studied the behavior of animals. B. characterized stages of psychosexual development. c. developmed "norms" of behavior. d. is alive.

answer

Sigmund Freud:

question

a. Stage 1 Infancy: Competency vs. Inferiority B. Stage 2 Toddler: Autonomy vs. Shame & doubt c. Stage 3 Childhood: Good vs. Evil d. Stage 4 School-age: Trust vs. Mistrust

answer

Eric Erikson proposes 8 stages of psychosocial development, in which each critical period represents a challange for that time. Which stage(s) is (are) correctly matched with the age in early childhood and its challenge?

question

A. ensure that the child has opportunities to play. b. shape appropriate behaviors. c. both of these answers. d. neither of these answers.

answer

According to Erikson's theory, the role of the adult is to:

question

a. is a punishment. b. can never be a time-out. c. is the same as a positive reinforcer. D. is removal of an unpleasant stimulus as a result of a behavior.

answer

A negative reinforcer:

question

a. Maslow, Watson, and Piaget b. Watson, Thorndike, and Vygotsky C. Thorndike, Skinner, and Bandura d. Skinner, Bloom, and Montessori

answer

The behaviorists assert that the environment plays an enormous role in learning. They are:

question

a. play is important. B. modeling is a primary way children learn. c. an unresolved criis can harm a child. d. money is the root of all evil.

answer

Albert Bandera, who developed the theory of social learning, reminds us that:

question

A. adaptation, accommodation, equilibrium b.stimulus, response, punishment c. example, imitation, modeling d. love, belonging, esteem

answer

Piaget's three basic processes of thinking are:

question

a. Children need few materials to explore. b. Children can think symbolically if asked directed questions. c. Children come to conclusions based on logic. D. Children make decisions on what they see.

answer

Which statement is true according to Piagetian theory?

question

A. culture and language play a critical role in development. b. the child need not be considered as a while c. children think in concrete terms and cannot think things through themselves. d. self-directed speech is the lowest rung of the scaffold.

answer

The sociocultural theory of Vygotsky states that:

question

a. a postulare about siblings and friendship. B. a theory of multiple intelligences. c. the notion that actions speak louder than words. d. giant ideas in the nursery school.

answer

Howard Gardner is a professor of human development who has developed:

question

A. safety, food, shelter, security. b. shelter, self-sufficiency, truth, aliveness. c. food, shelter, justice, respect for others. d. security, food, justice, self-sufficiency.

answer

Below is a list of the hierarchy of Maslow's human needs. Which ones are basic needs?

question

a. critical to developmentof the self. b. an "affectional bond" between two people. c. the "dance between a child and a favored loved one. D. All of these answers.

answer

Attachment is:

question

A. are caused by both "nature" and "nuture". b. make no difference in the development of self. c. do not exist. d. make females better than males.

answer

Sex differences:

question

a. occurs early in infancy. B. seems to developm in stages. c. is based only on religious beliefs. d. has been researched equally with boys and girls.

answer

Children's development of moral behavior:

question

a. all brains develop on the same timetable. b. stress adn threat do not impact the brain. c. emotions play a mior role in running the brain. D. all learning is mind-body.

answer

Key priniciples of brain-based learning are that:

question

a. Children learn through their senses. B. Growth occurs in a sequence. c. Growth occurs in interrelated areas. d. Group play is developing.

answer

Why do we plan projects that inlude the steps children will take for completions? Choose the most appropriate reason base upon developmental research.

question

a. Cultural and social expectations are the same. b. Temperament and energy level are the same. c. Rate of language growth in vocabulary is the same. D. Children go through the same developmental stages.

answer

Which of the following statements is universal, int aht it holds for all children?

question

a. acquiring cultural knwoledge occurs later in life. b. neural connections for most during adolescence. C. as children move from toddlers to preschool, brain functions are fully developed. d. "use it or lose it" applies to adult brains, not infants in first year of life.

answer

New information on brain development suggests:

question

A. setting clear, consistent, reasonable limits. b. giving them false choices. c. giving them complex choices. d. insisting they be either dependent or independent.

answer

Adults foster independence in toddlers by:

question

A. takes place during play with others. b. occurs during the first year of life. c. takes place in solitude. d. is genetic in nature.

answer

Vygotsky asserted that much of children's learning:

question

A. Play is highly structed with consistent rules. b. Play is carried out as it the activity were real life. c. Play is controlled and dominated by children. d. Play focuses on the activity.

answer

Which of the following is NOT a reason given by Rubin, Fein, and Vandenberg to explain why children play?

question

a. be dependent. B. be egocentric. c. be trusting. d. be defiant.

answer

In preoperational thought children are know to:

question

a. Word Pictures b. Stages of Pyschosocial Development C. Maturation Theory d. Heirarchy of Needs

answer

Arnold Gessell developed the _____, whcih details the norms of behavior.

question

a. Multiple Intelligences b. Zone of Proximal Development c. Constructivism D. Hierarchy of Needs

answer

____ is the theory developed through the study of successful people that emphasizes basic and growth needs.

question

A. Ecological b. Scaffolding c. Humanist d. Ego

answer

Bronfenbrenner's model of development is a "joint function of a person and environment" and includes human ecosystems of both physical factors and the social environment. The child is influenced by family, neighborhood, culture and the larger society. The name for this theory is

question

a. id. B. oral. c. anal. d. ego.

answer

Freud's psychoanalytic theory of childhood sexuality contends that each stage has its own area of pleasure; if so the birth-two stage would be:

question

a. creative. B. a builder of an environment for learning. c. patient. d. None of these answers.

answer

In constructivist theory, children are though to learn mostly by adaptation, so the teacher needs to be:

question

Humanistic

answer

Maslow

question

Sociocultural

answer

Vygotsky

question

Psychodynamic

answer

Erikson

question

Multiple Intelligences

answer

Gardner

question

Maturation

answer

Gesell

question

Ecological

answer

Bronfenfrenner

question

Behaviorist

answer

Bandura

question

Cognitive

answer

Piaget

question

Trust vs. Mistrust

answer

Stage 1 of Erikson's theory

question

Autonomy vs. Doubt

answer

Stage 2 of Erikson's theory

question

Initiative vs. Guilt

answer

Stage 3 of Erikson's theory

question

Industry vs. Inferiority

answer

Stage 4 of Erikson's theory

question

Association

answer

Classical Conditioning

question

Observation and imitation

answer

Operant Conditioning

question

Reinforcement

answer

Social Learning

question

People encounter certain "crises" or "challenges" in their lifelong pursuit of "Who Am I?"

answer

Erikson's psychosocial theory:

question

Through experience, behavior is modified or changed.

answer

Behaviorist theory:

question

Children pass through sensorimotor, preoperational, and concrete operational stages of thinking.

answer

Cognitive theory:

question

The child's development is inseparable from social and cultral activites.

answer

Sociocultural theory:

question

People are governed by inner drives of sex and aggression.

answer

Freud's psychosexual theory:

question

Human development is influenced by several systems.

answer

Ecological theory:

question

There are many ways to express intelligence.

answer

Multiple Intelligences theory:

question

Most growth is determined my heredity.

answer

Maturation theory:

question

All humans have basic and growth needs.

answer

Humanistic theory:

question

Magda Gerber

answer

Who developed the program "Resources for Infant Educators"?

question

John Bowlby

answer

Who coined the word "affectional bond" to describe attachment?

question

Mary Ainsworth

answer

Who extensively researched the nature of the children's attachment?

question

Child performs random movements.

answer

Unoccupied Play

question

Child plays alone.

answer

Solitary Play

question

Child watches while other play.

answer

Onlooker Play

question

Child plays alongside others.

answer

Parallel Play

question

Social interaction with little or no organization.

answer

Associative Play

question

Social interation in a groupw with a sense of group identity.

answer

Cooperative Play

question

Gender and sexual behavior are instinctual.

answer

Freud

question

Children learn through observation and imitation.

answer

Social-cognitive

question

Boys and girls show distinct differences in their choices, behaviors, and toy preferences.

answer

Play patterns

question

There are no significant differences between girls and boys in intelligence or reasoning behavior.

answer

Maccoby

question

Punishment and obedience orientation.

answer

Might makes right.

question

Universal ethical principles.

answer

Values are established by individual reflection.

question

Individualism and relativist orientation.

answer

Look out for number one.

question

Social contract.

answer

Rules are to benefit all.

question

Mutual interpersonal expectations.

answer

Approval is more important than any reward.

question

Social system and conscience.

answer

Law and Order.

question

1965

answer

When did Head Start begin?

question

State

answer

GSRP is ____ funded.

question

Federally

answer

Head Start is ____ funded.

question

"Every time period has social and political events that influenced the reaction of poeple at the time, which then influenced how children were raised & educated."

answer

Why is it important to know the history behind ECE?

question

Doing things well, at the right time, and for the right reasons.

answer

What is professionalism?

question

Developmental changes in children from birth-8.

answer

What is the definition of ECE?

question

School (group experience) & home.

answer

ECE builds bridges between what two worlds in children?

question

First 8 years when a child learns to walk, talk, count, and establish an identity.

answer

What is "building block years"?

question

John Amos Comenius (1658)

answer

Who wrote the first picture book?

question

8-12

answer

What is school age?

question

Developmentally Appropriate Practices

answer

What is DAP?

question

Freud, Erikson, Piaget, Montessori, Vygotsky, Rousseau, Skinner

answer

Name 4 early educational theorists.

question

National Association for the Education of Young Children

answer

What does NAEYC stand for?

question

low-income

answer

Head Start is for_____ families.

question

disabled/problem children

answer

Maria Montessori worked with what kind of children?

question

Child's garden

answer

What does kindergarten mean?

question

World War 1

answer

What lead to the Great Migration?

question

American Disability Act

answer

What does ADA stand for?

question

Boston, Mass.

answer

Where was special education found?

question

Cognitive, language, physical, creative, social-emotional, cultural awareness

answer

What are the 6 developmental areas?

question

Family Medical Leave Act

answer

What does FMLA stand for?

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