SS Chapter 32 – Flashcards
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When did the Roman civilization exist?
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700 B.C.E. to about 476 BC.E.
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Where is Rome located?
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Rome is located in Italy, which includes a peninsula and islands in southern Europe.
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Where did the Roman civilization begin?
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It began in the ancient city of Rome.
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What is the shape of the Italian peninsula?
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It is shaped a lot like a boot.
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Which Sea does the Italian peninsula reach?
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It reaches into the Mediterranean Sea.
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What is the myth about that Romans had about the founding of their city?
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It is about Romulus and Remus.
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Who did the princess give birth to in the Roman myth?
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She gave birth to twin sons, Romulus and Remus.
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Who was the boys' father in the myth?
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The boys' father was Mars, the Roman god of war.
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What was the princess's uncle, the king, afraid of?
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He was afraid that the boys would grow up to take his throne
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What did the King tell his men to do with Romulus and Remulus?
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He ordered his men to drown them in the Tiber (TIE-bur) River.
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Who rescued the the boys from drowning?
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A wolf rescued them.
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What did Romulus and Remus do when they grew up?
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They decided to build a town on the banks of the Tiber River where the wolf had found them.
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What happened when Romulus and Remus built a town near the Tiber River?
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They quarreled over who would rule their settlement.
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What happened when the two brothers argued about who would rule their new city?
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Romulus killed his brother Remus and he became king.
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What did Romulus name the city that he ruled?
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He named the city Rome.
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Who were the first people to settle in Rome according to History?
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The first people in the area were Latin.
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When was the village established that eventually became Rome?
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The village was established about 700 BCE .
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Where was the village built?
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It was Built on the Palatine a hill in central Italy.
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What is the Palatine ?
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A hill in central Italy that overlooks the Tiber River, about a dozen miles inland from the sea.
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When the village grew into a city, how much land did it cover?
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The village grew into a city (Rome) that covered 7 hills.
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What 2 important groups influenced the development of Roman culture?
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The Etruscans and the Greeks influenced the development of Roman culture.
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Do historians know who was the first king of Rome?
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No one really knows who the first king of Rome.
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Why did the Latins end up living in Italy?
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They were one of several groups who had invaded Italy.
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When did the Latins invade Italy?
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They came sometime before 1000 B.C.E.
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Does anyone know the truth about the founding of Rome?
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No one has discovered who founded this city.
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Which 2 groups greatly influenced the city of Rome while it was growing?
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This city was influenced by the Etruscans and the Greeks; they borrowed many ideas and skills from them.
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Where did the Etruscans come to settle next to Rome?
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Etruria, a land just north of the Palatine.
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Why did the Etruscans settle next to Rome?
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They came near Rome to control Eturia.
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By what year did the Etruscans rule much of northern and central Italy, including Rome?
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They ruled most of Italy By 600 B.C.E.
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When did the Etruscans come to control Etruria?
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They came to control Etruria in about 800 B.C.E.
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Where did the Etruscans come from?
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No one knows exactly where they came from.
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How did the Etruscans influence the development of Roman culture?
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They influenced Roman engineering (of architecture) and sports.
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What did the Etruscan Arch Rest on?
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2 pillars supported a semi-circle of wedge shape triangle stones held in place by the keystone in the middle.
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What were the 2 important Etruscan structures that Romans copied and changed?
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They were the Arch and the Cuniculus
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What is a cuniculus?
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It is a long underground trench.
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What connected the cuniculus to the ground above?
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Vertical shafts connected it to the ground above.
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What were the 2 uses that the Etruscans/ Roman use the cuniculus for?
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They used these trenches to irrigate land, drain swamps and carry water to their cities.
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What is keystone?
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A keystone is the wedge-shaped stone piece at the top of a masonry vault or arch
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In Etruscan engineering, what did the 2 pillars support ?
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The pillars supported a half-circle of wedge-shaped stones that formed and arch.
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Who were better engineers, the Romans or the Etruscans?
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The Romans became better engineers than them.
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What did the Romans use arches for in Architecture?
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They used arches to build huge public works, including bridges, stadiums, and aqueducts to carry water over long distances.
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What 2 sporting events did the Romans adapt from Etruscans?
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They adapted slave fighting and Chariot races
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What was slave fighting?
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The Etruscan custom to have slave fights during funerals.
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What happened during Etruscan slave fights?
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2 slaves of the dead master fought to the death with swords and small shields.
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What happened to the winner of the slave fighting?
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The winner was congratulated then executed !
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What happened in chariot races?
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During these races, drivers were strapped to their chariots and if it overturned, they could be dragged under the chariot's wheels or trampled by the horses.
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Why did Romans like to watch chariot races?
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These citizens wanted to watch the drivers risk their lives racing four-horse teams.
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Where did the gladiators fight?
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It happened in arenas/stadiums like the Collosseum
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How many gladiators died fighting each other?
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Thousands of them died fighting
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What were slaves called that fought other men or animals?
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They were called Gladiators
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Who were gladiators?
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They were slaves that were professionally trained to fight each other or animals.
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How many people could sit in the Circus Maximus?
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It could seat more than two hundred thousand spectators.
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What happened in the Colosseum?
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Gladiators fought there.
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What was the Circus Maximus used for?
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It is used for watching chariot races.
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How did Greek architecture influence the Romans?
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They built marble temples as homes for their gods and they had beautiful designs on their public buildings.
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How did the Romans became great builders?
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They learned many engineering techniques from the Etruscans.
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How did the Romans learn about Greek culture?
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From Greek colonists that lived in towns in southern Italy and on the island of Sicily and from traders and the many Greeks who came to Rome.
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What did the Romans do that allowed them to make bigger structures than the Greeks?
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They learned how to use concrete.
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How was the Roman alphabet similar to the Greek alphabet?
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Like the Greeks, they wrote in all caps and carved inscriptions for all to read.
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Since Greece had such a strong influence on Roman sculpture and painting, what did the Historians call it?
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They called it "Greco-Roman art"
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How were the Roman writers inspired by the Greeks?
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They were inspired by Greek poetry and myths.
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How did Greek architecture influence the Romans?
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They used their Greek designs in their public buildings built marble temples as homes for their gods.
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Which GreekTemples helped influence Roman Architecture?
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The Greeks built marble temples as homes for their gods. Temples like the Parthenon had stately columns that added to their beauty.
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What did the Greek Parthenon have that made it beautirul?
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It had stately columns that added to its beauty.
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What are the famous structures in Rome Rome that were influenced by Greek Architecture?
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The Pantheon, Colosseum, and the Circus Maximus.
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How many people could sit in the Circus Maximus?
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It could seat more than two hundred thousand spectators.
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Which religion influenced Romans the most? The Greek or Etruscan?
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The Greek religion.
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Was the Roman religion based on one concept?
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No, their religion was a blend of many influences (but mostly Greek and Estruscan)
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What did Aphrodite's name change to under the Romans?
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Her name was changed to Venus (she was the goddess of love)
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What did Aries name change to under the Romans?
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His name was changed to Mars (he was the god of war)
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Were the Romans interested in telling stories about the gods like the Greeks did?
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No, they were much less interested in telling stories.
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What were the Romans concerned about when worshipping the gods?
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They were concerned about performing the correct rituals/ceremonies.
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What directly influenced the Roman alphabet?
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The Etruscan alphabet (which was based on the Greek alphabet)
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When was the Greek influence on Roman culture indirect?
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When the Romans adapted the Etruscan alphabet which had been copied from the Greek alphabet.
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What did the Romans do with the Etruscan alphabet?
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They altered this alphabet.
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Who had a more direct influence on writing in the Roman Culture; the Greek or the Etruscian?
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The Greeks. Roman writers were inspired by Greek poetry and myths.
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How was the Roman alphabet similar to the Greek alphabet?
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They both wrote in all capital letters.
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What did the Romans do to copy what the Greeks did with their important documents so everyone could see them?
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The Romans carved inscriptions in walls and columns for display for all to see.
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Where did the Greeks carve important documents such as laws and treaties? eauty.
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The Greeks carved them on bronze or stone plaques.
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In what areas of writing did the Greeks influence the Romans?
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In poetry and myths.
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Who wasThe Roman poet who wrote the Aeneid?
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His name was Virgil.
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What is the Aeneid?
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A famous poem that was a sequel on Greek tales of the Trojan War.
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What was the Aneid written about?
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This poem told how Aeneas (ay-NEE-ahs), a Trojan prince, fled to Italy after the war.
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Who was Aneas?
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Aeneas was the ancestor of the first Romans (according to the poet Virgil.)
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How did Greek art influence sculpture and painting?
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It made the Romans create more realistic sculptures and paintings.
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What was Greek pottery valued for?
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It was valued throughout the Mediterranean world for its usefulness and beauty.
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Why was Greek pottery useful?
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They were large clay vessels for storing food, water, and wine.
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Why was Greek pottery artistic?
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They painted black figures on the red clay.
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What did the designs on Greek pottery show?
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They showed pictures of gods and heroes and people in their daily lives.
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Did The Romans imitate Greek pottery?
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Yes, the Roman artists imitated them, but they had their own style.
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Which had the most influence on Roman Sports?
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The Etruscans.
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What 4 ways did Greece influence the culture of Rome?
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In Architecture, Art, Religion and Writing.
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What is "Greco-Roman" art?
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It is the blend of Greek and Roman styles in art.
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What type of pottery, painting and sculpture did the Etruscans and the Romans admire?
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They admired Greek pottery, painting, and sculpture.
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How did Greek religion Influence Rome?
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They gave them ideas about the gods and goddesses.
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Where does the "toe" of the Italian peninsula's boot point?
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Its toe points toward the island of Sicily.
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How did the Etruscans influence Roman Architecture?
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They influenced Roman Architecture through their enginering techniques.
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What are 2 examples of Etruscan engineering that influenced Roman Architecture?
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The Etruscan Arch and the Cuniculus.
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Why is a keystone important in architecture?
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It locks all the stones into position, allowing the arch to bear weight.
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Where did the Etruscans rule in 600 BCE?
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They ruled much of northern and central Italy, including the town of Rome.
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What did the Romans change the greatest Greek god, Zeus to?
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His name became Jupiter.
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When did the Roman's ideas about their gods change?
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Their ideas about religion changed when they came in contact with other cultures.
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What did the Romans do when they encountered a similar god from another culture?
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They blended that god's characteristics into their gods.
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What cultures were Roman Religion influenced by?
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It was influences by Etruscan religious rituals and Greeks ideas about the gods.
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What did Greek artists try to show in their art?
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Greek artists often tried to show an ideal, or perfect, human being or god.
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What did Roman sculptors became good at?
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They became skilled in creating realistic portraits, busts or statues like the Greeks.
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How did Greek art influence Roman Art?
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They made realistic looking art that the Romans copied and then eventually made a style of their own.
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What does a keystone do?
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It holds the stones in an arch together.
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Who had the most influence on Roman Art? The Greeks or the Etruscans?
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The Greeks
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Which culture had the most influence on Roman Religion?
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The Greek religion
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In Roman religion, how did they feel about telling stories about the gods?
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They were less interested with telling stories about the gods than the Greeks were.
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What did the Romans think was more important when worshiping the Gods than the Greeks did?
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They were more concerned with performing exactly the right ritual for a particular occasion.
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Where did the Etruscan alphabet come from?
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The Greeks.
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How did the Greeks influence the development of Roman culture?
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In their art, architecture, religion and alphabet
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What indirectly influenced the Roman alphabet?
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The Greek alphabet
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How did Etruscan engineering influence Roman architecture?
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Their techniques made Roman buildings and structures stronger.
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What did both Etruscan and Greece influence in Rome?
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The both influenced Roman architecture; one through engineering and one through design.
