Bio chapter 8 retake – Flashcards
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DNA begins to condense and prepare for nuclear division by
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wrapping tightly around associated proteins
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Chromatids are
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duplicate halves of a chromosome
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A student can study a karyotype to learn about the
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gender of an individual & number of chromosomes present in a body cell
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The diploid number of chromosomes in a human skin cell is 46. How many chromosomes are in a human egg cell?
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23
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How many chromosomes are in the body cells of an organism that has a haploid number of 8?
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16
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Separation of homologues occurs during
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meiosis I
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The difference between anaphase of mitosis and anaphase I of meiosis is that
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crossing-over occurs only in anaphase of mitosis
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When crossing-over takes place, chromosomes
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exchange corresponding segments of DNA
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The exchange of segments of DNA between the members of a pair of chromosomes
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acts as a source of variations within a species
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Following replication of its DNA, and once chromatin condenses, each chromosome contains two _, which are attached to each other by a centromere
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Chromatids
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Chromosomes that are not involved in sex determination are called _
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Autosomes
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A picture of a cell's chromosomes is called a(n)
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Karyotype
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Collectively, the time spent in G1 + S + G2 is called _
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Interphase
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The stage of meiosis during which homologues line up along the equator of the cell is called _
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metaphase 1
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After a new nuclear membrane forms during telophase of mitosis or meiosis, the _ divides, resulting in two or four cells
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Cytoplasm
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The process called _ guarantees that the number of chromosomes in gametes is half the number of chromosomes in body cells
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meiosis
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A reciprocal exchange of corresponding segments of DNA on non-sister chromatids is called _
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Crossing-over
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The cells resulting from meiosis in either males or females are collectively called _
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gametes
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As a result of spermatogenesis, four cells are produced that can all develop into sperm cells. As a result of oogenesis, only _ cell(s) develop(s) into (an) egg cell(s)
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one
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What would happen if the chromosome number were not reduced before sexual reproduction?
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If the number of chromosomes were not reduced before sexual reproduction, there would be to many chromosomes given to the cell
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Explain how offspring resulting from sexual reproduction differ from offspring resulting from asexual reproduction
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The offspring in, sexual reproduction, have a mixture of genes, from the mother and father. While the offspring in asexual reproduction, does not have a mixture of genes. They have the same exact genes as its mother.
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The random separation of homologous chromosomes during anaphase 1 of meiosis is referred to as
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independent assortment
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In which cells does meiosis occur in animals?
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germ cells
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The union of a sperm cell and an egg cell results in a
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diploid zygote
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The union of sperm and egg is called
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recombination
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A cell containing 20 chromosomes (diploid) at the beginning of meiosis would produce _ chromosomes at its completion.
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10
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Interphase occurs prior to meiosis.
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True
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During oogenesis, 3 structures will end up degenerating. What are they called?
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polar bodies
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When pairs of homologous chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell, which phase is the cell in?
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metaphase 1
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During synapsis, the
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chromosomes line up next to their homologues
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Four daughter cells are formed at the end of meiosis 1
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False
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Haploid cells are created at the end of meiosis 1.
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True
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Haploid cells are created at the end of meiosis 2.
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True
