Principles of programming CH. 7,8,9 - Flashcards

question

To generate a control break report, your input records must be organized in ____ order based on the field that will cause the breaks.

answer

sequential

question

You can merge more than two files.

answer

true

question

The ____ file holds temporary data that is used to update the master file.

answer

transaction

question

When the records in a file are sorted in order from lowest to highest values, the records are in ____ order.

answer

ascending

question

The combination of the disk drive plus the complete hierarchy of directories in which a file resides is its ____.

answer

path

question

Directories and ____ are organization units on storage devices.

answer

folders

question

____ is processing that involves performing the same tasks with many records, one after the other.

answer

Batch processing

question

Is not lost when a computer loses power

answer

nonvolatile storage

question

Is lost when the program ends or the computer loses power

answer

volatile storage

question

Thousands of bytes

answer

kilobytes

question

Millions of bytes

answer

megabytes

question

Billions of bytes

answer

gigabytes

question

Letters, numbers, and special symbols, such as "A", "7", and "$"

answer

character

question

Single useful data items that are composed of one or more characters

answer

fields

question

Groups of related records

answer

files

question

Holds complete and relatively permanent data

answer

master file

question

A file in which records can be located in any order

answer

random access file

question

____ storage is not lost when a computer loses power.

answer

permanent

question

____ is the more general term for an entity that organizes files.

answer

Directory

question

Because they enable you to locate a particular record directly (without reading all of the preceding records), random access files are also called ____ files.

answer

direct access

question

Images and music are contained in binary files.

answer

true

question

When you copy data from RAM into a file on a storage device, you read to the file.

answer

false

question

A ____ break is a break in the logic of the program that is based on the value of a single variable.

answer

single-level control

question

When you write a program that stores a value in a variable, you are using ____ storage.

answer

temporary

question

A database holds groups of files or ____ that together serve the information needs of an organization.

answer

tables

question

When you store data records, they exist in ____.

answer

some type of order

question

As pages in a book have numbers, computer memory and storage locations have ____.

answer

addresses

question

When you create a ____ report, the records must have been sorted in order by a key field.

answer

control break

question

When mathematicians use a two-dimensional array, they often call it a ____ or a table.

answer

matrix

question

When you use an index, you can store records on a ____ storage device.

answer

random-access

question

When computers sort data, they always use ____ values when making comparisons between values.

answer

numeric

question

A bubble sort is sometimes called a ____.

answer

sinking sort

question

A record's ____ field is the field whose contents make the record unique among all records in a file.

answer

key

question

To correctly swap two values, you create a(n) ____ variable to hold one of the values.

answer

temporary

question

The ____ is often used as a statistic in many cases because it represents a more typical case.

answer

median

question

When a large data file needs to be processed in ascending or descending order based on a particular field, the most efficient approach is usually to store and access records based on their logical order.

answer

true

question

It is relatively easy for people to keep track of arrays with more than three dimensions.

answer

false

question

In a(n) ____, if an element is out of order relative to any of the items earlier in the list, you move each earlier item down one position and then insert the tested element.

answer

insertion sort

question

____ are arrays that have more than one dimension.

answer

Multidimensional arrays

question

Each element in a two-dimensional array requires ____ subscript(s) to reference it.

answer

two

question

When using a bubble sort to sort a 10-element array, on the fourth pass through the array list you detect that no swap has occurred. This indicates ____.

answer

all elements in the array are already in the correct order

question

The input value that makes the recursion stop is called the base case or ending case.

answer

False

question

When you ____ a method, you write multiple methods with a shared name but different parameter lists.

answer

overload

question

When a data item is known to all of a program's modules, it is a ____data item.

answer

global

question

A program module that contains a series of statements that carry out a task

answer

method

question

The declaration or definition

answer

method header

question

A copy of a variable's value is sent to the method and stored in a new memory location accessible to the method

answer

passed by value

question

A new memory location is reserved and named

answer

redeclared

question

The arguments sent to a method in a method call

answer

actual parameters

question

When the method receives the actual memory address of the array and has access to the actual values in the array elements

answer

passed by refference

question

The ability of a method to act appropriately according to the context

answer

polymorphism

question

When all the operations in a method contribute to the performance of a single task

answer

functionally cohesive

question

Occurs when methods have access to the same globally defined variables

answer

tight coupling

question

Occurs when a copy of data that must be shared is passed from one method to another

answer

loose coupling

question

In implementation hiding, the calling method needs to understand only the interface to the method that is called and it need not know how the method works internally.

answer

true

question

The method name and parameter list constitute the ____.

answer

signature

question

____ occurs when methods excessively depend on each other and makes programs more prone to errors.

answer

Tight coupling

question

Variables and constants are ____ within, or local to, only the method in which they are declared.

answer

in scope

question

You can think of the ____ in a method declaration as a funnel into the method.

answer

parentheses

question

A method can return nothing, in which case the method is a ____ method.

answer

void

question

A method's return type is part of its signature.

answer

false

question

____ is a measure of the strength of the connection between two program methods.

answer

coupling

question

When methods must share data, you can pass the data into and return the data out of methods.

answer

true

question

Arrays, unlike simple built-in types, are passed by ____.

answer

reference

question

Every time you call a method, the address to which the program should return at the completion of the method is stored in a memory location called the ____.

answer

stack

question

____ refers to how the internal statements of a method serve to accomplish the method's purpose.

answer

cohesion

question

____ is the ability of a method to act appropriately depending on the context.

answer

Polymorphism

question

A method that calls itself is a ____.

answer

recursive method

question

The saved version of a master file is the ____ file; the updated version is the child file.

answer

parent

question

A ____ is a copy that is kept in case values need to be restored to their original state.

answer

backup file

question

When you ____ a file, it is no longer available to your application.

answer

close

question

A ____ is a temporary detour in the logic of a program.

answer

control break

question

Characters are made up of smaller elements called ____.

answer

bits

question

____ files involves combining two or more files while maintaining the sequential order.

answer

merging

question

When you learn a method like sorting, programmers say you are learning a(n) ____.

answer

algorithm

question

The ____ is skewed by a few very high or low values.

answer

mean

question

Because "A" is always less than "B", alphabetic sorts are ____ sorts.

answer

ascending

question

In a ____, items in a list are compared with each other in pairs.

answer

bubble sort

question

An insertion sort is another name for a bubble sort.

answer

false

question

You can make additional improvements to a bubble sort to reduce unnecessary comparisons.

answer

true

question

A two-dimensional array contains two dimensions: ____.

answer

height and width

question

Every time you add a new record to a linked list, you search through the list for the correct ____ location of the new record.

answer

logical

question

____ occurs when a method is defined in terms of itself.

answer

Recursion

question

Each time a method executes, any parameter variables listed in the method header are ____.

answer

redeclared

question

You can invoke or call a method from another program or method.

answer

true

question

Programs that use recursion are error-prone but easy to debug.

answer

false

question

A called method accepts the value of an argument passed to it as its ____.

answer

parameter

question

A method's name and parameter list constitute the method's ____.

answer

signature

question

A method's declared return type must match the type of value used in the return statement.

answer

true

question

Using implementation hiding means that the ____ is the only part of a method with which the method's client interacts.

answer

interface to the method

question

A method could be called using any numeric value as an argument, whether it is a variable, a named constant, or a literal constant.

answer

true

question

When you copy data from a file on a storage device into RAM, you ____ from the file.

answer

read

question

Programmers usually use the word "write" to mean "produce hard copy output."

answer

false

question

When a program uses a ____, it reads all the records in the file from beginning to end, processing them one at a time.

answer

sequential file

question

In most programming languages, before an application can use a data file, it must ____

answer

open the file

question

A ____ is a collection of data stored on a nonvolatile device in a computer system.

answer

computer file

question

The terms "parent" and "child" can refer to file backup generations, but they are also used for a different purpose in object-oriented programming.

answer

true

question

____ are groups of fields that go together for some logical reason.

answer

records

question

____ applications require that a record be accessed immediately while a client is waiting.

answer

Real-time

question

One way to access records in a desired order, even though they might not be physically stored in that order, is to create a(n) ____.

answer

linked list

question

You do not need to determine a record's exact physical address in order to use it.

answer

true

question

The sorting process is usually reserved for a relatively large number of data items.

answer

false

question

When you sort records, two possible approaches are to place related data items in parallel arrays and to ____.

answer

sort records as a whole

question

The most popular computer coding schemes include ASCII, Numeric, and EBCDIC.

answer

false

question

When you ____ records, you store a list of key fields paired with the storage address for the corresponding data record.

answer

index

question

Two-dimensional arrays are never actually required in order to achieve a useful program.

answer

true

question

The last statement in a method is a(n) ____.

answer

return statement

question

When a copy of a variable is sent to a method, it is passed by ____.

answer

value

question

Programmers use the term ____ to describe any extra time and resources required by an operation.

answer

overhead

question

Files in which records must be accessed immediately are sometimes called instant access files.

answer

true

question

Files exist on ____ storage devices, such as hard disks, DVDs, USB drives, and reels of magnetic tape.

answer

permanent

question

You update the transaction file with data from the master file.

answer

false

question

To write a program that produces a report of employees by department number, the records must be grouped by department number before you begin processing.

answer

true

question

An array whose elements you can access using a single subscript is a ____ array.

answer

one-dimensional

question

Some programming languages allow multidimensional arrays.

answer

true

question

Arranging records one after another based on the value in a particular field

answer

sequential order

question

Arranging records from highest to lowest value within a field

answer

descending oder

question

The value of the middle item when the values are listed in order

answer

median

question

The arithmetic average

answer

mean

question

A two-dimensional array

answer

table

question

A "real" order for storage

answer

physical order

question

A virtual order based on any criterion you choose

answer

logical order

question

Used to identify computer memory and storage locations

answer

addresses

question

Methods with identical names that have identical parameter lists but different return types are ambiguous.

answer

true

question

A calling method sends a(n) ____ to a called method.

answer

argument

question

All modern programming languages contain many methods that are predefined.

answer

true

question

The keyboard and printer are the default input and output devices.

answer

false

question

When records are in ____ order, they are arranged one after another on the basis of the value in a particular field.

answer

sequential

question

____ refers to how the internal statements of a method serve to accomplish the method's purpose.

answer

cohesion

question

____ provide an overview of input to the method, the processing steps that must occur, and the result.

answer

IPO charts

question

____ occurs when methods do not depend on others.

answer

Loose coupling

question

Using implementation hiding means that the ____ is the only part of a method with which the method's client interacts.

answer

Interface to the method

Principles of programming CH. 7,8,9 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards