Psychology Chapter 5 Test Questions – Flashcards
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Learning
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is a systematic, relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs
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Behaviorism
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is a theory of learning that focuses solely on observable behaviors, discounting the importance of such mental activity as thinking, wishing and hoping
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Principles of Behaviorism
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understanding the causes of behavior requires looking at the environmental actors that produce them.
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Stimuli
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in classical conditioning, organisms learn the association between two...
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Operant Learning
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organisms learn about the consequences of behavior through....
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Association/Observation & Imitation
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Classical operant conditioning involves learning through____, whereas observational learning involves learning through____.
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Classical Conditioning; Operant Conditioning
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Organisms learn the association between two stimuli through____, whereas organisms learn the association between a behavior and a consequence through____.
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Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
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stimulus that produces a response without prior learning. A dog salivating when it sees food
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Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
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previously neutral stimulus that eventually elicits a conditioned response after being paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
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Conditioned Response (CR)
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the learned response to the conditioned stimulus that occurs after CS-US pairing.
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Example of Unconditioned Response
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Sneezing in response to sniffing pepper
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Thorndike's Law of Effect
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behaviors followed by desirable outcomes are strengthened and behaviors followed by undesirable outcomes are weakened.
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Reinforcement
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The process by which a stimulus or event following a particular behavior increases the probability that the behavior will happen again.
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Positive Reinforcement
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The presentation of a stimulus following a given behavior in order to increase the frequency of that behavior.
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Negative Reinforcement
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The removal of a stimulus following a given behavior in order to increase the frequency of that behavior
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Continuous Reinforcement
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Carol gives her dog a chew stick each time spike gets the ball back.
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Fixed-Ratio
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A worker is paid $25 for every 20 wind chimes she builds. On which schedule of reinforcement is she being paid?
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Positive Punishment
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Todd is scolded each time he bullies his little brother.
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Negative Punishment
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Larry is grounded each time he hits his little brother.
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Attention, retention, motor reproduction and reinforcement.
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Bandura's model of observational learning.
