First aid – poisoning, bites and stings – Flashcards
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info for poison control
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name of product amount involved how long ago signs you notice age and weight
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800-222-1222
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poison control center phone number
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care for poisoning
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place victim on his or her left side; save poison container, plants, etc.; activated charcoal; caustic / corrosive - milk / water; do not induce vomiting; do not use syrup of ipecac
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activated charcoal
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available in capsules or a liquid form; run through processes that increases the surface area so it has the ability to "adsorb" poisons (bind them); keeps toxic items from being absorbed into blood stream
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syrup of ipecac
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no longer recommended for poisonings; American Academy of Pediatrics advised against it because it can be toxic to the heart; induces vomiting - an "emedic", but some poisons could still remain in stomach
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caustic or corrosive
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may be advised to give milk or water to dilute
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alcohol
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depressant
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alcohol
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affects judgment, vision, reaction time, coordination; can cause death
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intoxification
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odor of alcohol unsteadiness, staggering slurred speech and inability to carry on conversations nausea and vomiting flushed face
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care for intoxification
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look for injuries monitor breathing place person on left side call poison control or EMS if the victim is violent, leave the scene provide emotional support assume that an injured or unresponsive victim has a spinal injury move person to a warm place
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temperature
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intoxification may experience extremes because of limited sensation and judgment
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stimulants
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uppers
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depressants
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downers - can effect ability to breathe
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hallucinogens
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alter and enhance sensory and emotional information
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volatile chemicals
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cause serious....FINISH
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sympathomimetics
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stimulants - ....FINISH
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recognizing sympathomimetics use
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...FINISH
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care for sympathomimetics use
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check breathing call poison center or 911 ....FINISH
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hallucinogencs
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....FINISH
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recognizing hallucinogen use
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visual halluncinations intensity of vision and hearing
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care for hallucinogen use
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...FINISH
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marijuana
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and estimated 20 million Americans use
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recognizing marijuana overdose
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euporia, rlactation....
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care for marijuana overdose
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...FINISH
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recognizing sedative-hypnotic drug use
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...FINISH
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recognizing opiates overdose
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reduced breathing rate; pinpoint pupils; sedated condition and unresponsiveness
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pupils
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someone in a dark room with pinpoint _____, it pretty much determines that opiates are in use
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care for depressant overdose
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check breathing....FINISH
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inhalants
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glue, solvents
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recognizing abused inhalent
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care for abused inhalent
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...FINISH
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carbon monoxide poisoning
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odorless, colorless, nonirritating, produced by incomplete combustion of fuels
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carbon monoxide sources
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recognizing carbon monoxide sources
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headache ringing in ears chest pain muscle weakness nausea and vomiting dizziness and visual changes unresponsiveness respiratory and cardiac arrest cherry-red skin and lips (but rare... near death at this point)
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possibly carbon monoxide poisoning
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symptoms come and go FINISH
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care for CO poisoning
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remove victim from environment immediately...FINISH
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plant-induced dermatitis
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85%
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population sensitive to poison ivy, oak and sumac
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urushiol
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resin that is colorless or slightly yellow.... FINISH
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poison sumac
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FINISH
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recognizing plant-induced dermatitis
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mild: itching FINISH
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care for plant-induced dermatitis
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clean skin with soap and water as soon as possible apply rubbing alcohol liberally remove with water for a mild reaction: lukewarm bath with colloidal oatmeal - Aveeno brand wet compresses with aluminum acetate calamine lotion or baking soda paste for mild to moderate reaction: same care as mild reaction but add corticosteroid ointment for severe reaction: same as for mild and moderate, but add an oral coroticosteroid
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stinging nettle
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care for stinging nettle
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animal bites
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one of every two Americans will be bitten at some time by an animal or person....FINISH
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80%
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dog bites are ____ of bite injuries
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rabies
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foxes, skunks, raccoons, bats - animals that carry this disease
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infection and tissue damage
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2 concerns in the case of animal bites
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rabies
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caused by a virus found in warm-blooded animals, spreads from one animal to another in the saliva a bite or scratch is considered exposure if it penetrates the skin FINISH
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care for animal bites
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wash it with soak and water....FINISH
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human bites
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can cause severe injury; most are acts of violence; most common injury location is the hand
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care for human bites
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snake bites
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rattlesnakes, copperheads, water moccasins, coral snakes
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pit viper group of snakes in the United States (except coral snakes)
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snakes
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snakes
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snakes
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rattle snakes
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pit vipers
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recognizing pit viper bites
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damages tissue....
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care for pit viper bites
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get away from snake do not attempt to capture or kill the snake keep victim quiet gently wash area with soap and water remove rings or other jewelry (because of swelling) stabilize the extremity keep the extremity below heart level seek medical care
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coral snake bites
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America's most venimoous snake...FINISH
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recognizing coral snake bites
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care for coral snake bites
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keep victim calm gently clean FINISH
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nonpoisonous snake bites
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antivenin
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administered in hospitals to counteract effects of venim
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recognizing nonpoisonous snake bites
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mild to moderate pinch curved lines of tiny pinpricks on the skin that correspond... FINISH
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care for nonpoisonous snake bites
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insect stings
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honeybees, bumblebees, yellow jackets, hornets, wasps, fire ants
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insect stings
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1 in 200 people is dangerously allerging
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honeybees and some yellow jackets
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have barbed stingers barbed stingers become embedded in the victim's skin during the sting die after the sting
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insect stings
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wasps, yellow jackets, hornets & fire ants stingers are not barbed stingers do not embed in victim can sting multiple times most do not die after stinging
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baking soda
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alkaline that can neutralize the acid from insect stings
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vinegar or lemon juice
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decrease wasp or hornet string - alkaline
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for insect sting treatment
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ice calamine lotion FINISH
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reactions to insect stings
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multiple insect stings
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care for insect stings
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spider and insect bites
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black widow spiders
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black widow spiders
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recognizing black widow spider bites
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might feel a sharp pinprick two tiny red spots FINISH
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brown recluse spiders
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recognizing brown recluse spider bites
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care for brown recluse spider bites
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ticks
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embedded ticks
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embedded ticks
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lymes disease
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carried by ticks in the East
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care for embedded ticks
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use tweezers or specialized removal tool grasp tick as close to skin as possible lift with enough force to tent the skin hold until tick lets go do not pull hard....FINISH
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care for embedded ticks
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wash with soap and water apply rubbing alchohol apply ice pack FINISH
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seek medical care for tick
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insect stings
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can cause infections - scratching, etc. because we scratch or rub them too much with dirty hands
