Emergency Care and First Aid- Chapter 43 Workbook – Flashcards
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__________is a displacement of a bone
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Dislocation
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__________is a broken bone
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Fracture
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__________is twisting of a joint with rupture of ligaments
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Sprain
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___________is twisting or stretching that damages a muscle or tendon
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Strain
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____________Is a sever, life threatening reaction to a substance to which the client is sensitive or allergic
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Anaphylactic shock
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____________is a result of an over-whelming infection throughout the body
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Septic Shock
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___________is result of overdose of insulin, a skipped meal, or strenuous exercise in a client with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
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Hypoglycemic Shock
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_____________is failure of the heart to accomplish its pumping function
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Cardiogenic Shock
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A splint is a device applied to imobilize a fracture. (T/F)
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True
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The primary assessment performed during an emergency involves taking and recording the vital signs and continues with a head-to-toe assessment. (T/F)
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False- The secondary assessment involves taking and recording the victim's vital signs and continues with a head-to-toe assessment. Primary assessment is performed when rescuers arrive at the scene and perform the ABC assessment.
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Clinical death occurs when a person's breathing and heartbeat stop. (T/F)
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True
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Scalp lacerations cause profuse bleeding, making even the smallest wound appear very serious. (T/F)
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True
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Classic heat stroke develops from anincreased internal heat load due to muscular exertion, along with high external temperature and humidity. (T/F)
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False- Classic heat stroke occurs when the bodys heat-regulating mechanisms fail and core temperature soars
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A tooth that is knocked out is an example of an intrusion injury. (T/F)
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False- A tooth that is knocked out is called an avulsion injury
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Caustic substances are those which burn or destroy flesh. (T/F)
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True
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__________is the process of sorting and classifying to determine priority of needs; it involves determining life threatening situations and assisting those clients first
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Triage
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___________refers to a wound or injury that is caused by an outside force.
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Trauma
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___________refers to permanent damage of brain cells due to lack of oxygen
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Biological Death
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The automated external____________ is considered the definative initial treatment of clients in cardiac arrest.
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Defibrillator
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A tension pneumothorax that remains uncorrected will worsen and results in a ___________
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mediastinal shift
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___________is the freezing of body tissues that result from exposure to cold temperatures
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Frostbite
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____________occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can burn food to replace it.
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Hypothermia
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What should a paramedic always search for on injured person when providing firstaid?
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The paramedic providing first aid should always search for medical infomation on an injured person, such as a MedicAlert tag.
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What actions should the paramedic preform in emergency conditions and injuries?
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In emergency conditions and injuries the paramedic providing first aid must treat the client for shock, keep the client lying down, maintain body temperature with blankets or coat, and elevate the feet and legs unless contraindicated.
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When assisting a client who has a nose bleed not associated with a fractured skull or sever hypertension what are the steps that would be taken?
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---Have the person sit down and lean foward slightly if no other injuries prohibit this position ---Apply pressure to the nostrils or to the bridge of the nose with your thumb and forefinger for 5 to 10 minutes without releasing pressure ---Place cold compresses on the person's nose and face ---If bleeding continues, place small, clean pieces of gauze in one or both nostrils ---apply pressure above the person's upper lip if he or she is conscious ---Seek medical assistance if bleeding is uncontrollable
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What are the causes of a flail chest?
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Flail chest is caused by several fractured ribs or detachment of the ribs from the sternum, as a result of crushing injury.
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What are the causes of sudden death?
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The causes for sudden death include electrocution and severe electric shock, drowning, anaphylaxis, drug overdose, poisioning, shock, mycardial infarction, stroke, total airway obstruction or suffication, smoke inhalation, carbon monoxide poisoning, inhalation of other gases, sever trauma, and adverse reaction to general anestesia.
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What do ACLS techniques include?
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ACLS techniques include starting intravenous lines, administering fluids and medications, using defibrillation and cardiac monitoring, administering oxygen, and opening and maintaining airway.
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What are the common causes of chest injuries?
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Blows, stabbings, shootings, and MVA's are the most common causes of chest injuries.
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When does a pneumothorax occur?
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Tension pnemothorax occurs when air leaks out of the lung or bronchus into the chest cavity and cannot escape. As the leak continues, air collects and pressure builds in the chest cavity.
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Which danger signs of head injury should the nurse look for in a client?
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The nurse should observe for blood or fluid draining from the nose or ears (with no known injury to the nose), bruising behind the ears and under the eyes, persistent bleeding, or a change in behavior since the accident.
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What actions should the emergency personnel perform when reporting an MVA?
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---Note the vehicle's condition ---note areas of intrusion such as the driver's side ---check for any gasoline spill Rationale: When reporting an MVA, the emergency personell should note the vehicle's condition; note areas of intrusion such as the driver's side, passenger side, roof, front end; and check for gasoline spill if any. In addition the emergency personell will also check whether the client was wearing a seatbelt, a helmet, or pretective clothing. This information can help emergency personell anticipate the type of injury. The emergency personell need not to ask about the cause of the accident, because this information does not help the personnel to anticipate the type of injury.
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A nurse is caing for a client with a nose bleed and a possible skull fracture. What basic steps should the nurse take to treat the nose bleed?
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---Do not attempt to stop the bleeding. Rationale: If a person with a nosebleed has a fractured skull, the nurse should not attempt to stop the bleeding, because doing so could increase intracranal pressure. If a sterile dressing is not readily avaiable for a minor wound, the nurse should use a clean handkerchief or cloth. In any case of hemorrahage, but not nosebleed, the nurse should place the person on a flat surface and slightly elevate his or her feet. When person is bitten, the nurse should cleanse the wound with warm soapy water, and rinse the area thoroughly.
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What procedure shoul a nurse follow to monitor the pupillary responses of a client during an emergency?
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---PERRLA+C procedure. Rationale: While assessing a clients eye at an emergency site, the nurse should follow the PERRLA+C procedure. (Pupils Equal Round Reactive to light Acoomodation OK and Coordinated)
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A nurse is assigned the responsibility of caring for a client in a home-care setting who has severe anxiety. What should be the nurse's role for such a client?
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---avoid making any assumptions or judgements ---encourage the client to remain calm ---encourage the client to talk about the cause of the anxiety. Rationale: When caring for a client with severe anxiety, the nurse should encourage the client to remain calm, encourage the client to talk about the cause of the anxiety, and avoid making any assumptions and judgements. The nurse need not encourage the client to take any voluntary activity because the client may not be in the condition for it. The nurse should avoid questions that elicit "yes or no" answers, because this would not encourage the client to talk further.
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A nurse is caring for a client with a botulism. What are some steps the nurse can suggest to the clients relatives to prevent further poisoning from botulism?
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---Do not use food from cans with bulging tops. Rationale: The nurse should warn clients to never use a home-canned or comercially canned item if the top is bulging. Only those fruits, berries, greens, or vegetables that are classified as poisonous (eg toadstools or posonous mushrooms) should not be eaten.
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A client with excessive bleeding has been brought to a healthcare facility. How should the nurse stop the clients bleed?
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---Place the client on a flat surface and slightly elevate his feet. Rationale: The nurse should place the client on a flat surface and slightly elevate the feet to stop bleeding while caring for a client with hemorrhage (unless the person has a head injury). A client with a nosebleed is made to sit down and lean foward. In case of chest injury, the nurse can have the person lie on the affected side, to apply pressure to the chest wall, and not on the side not affected. The nurse should not use a tourniquet to stop the clients bleeding unless all other methods to stop bleeding have failed, because use of a tourniquet may necessitate limb amputation.
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A nurse is assigned the responsibility of caring for a client who has been exposed to hazardous chemicals. What precautions should the nurse undertake for this client?
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---Remove clients clothing and rinse of chemicals. Rationale: The nurse should remove all clothing off the client and rinse off the chemical from the clothes of the client. The nurse needs to use plenty of soapy water on the affected area when the client has been a victim of an animal bite. The nurse shouldnot use salve over the affected area. Extensive burns are covered with dry, non-stick, sterile dressings.
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What nursing interventions should the nurse perform for a client who has frostbite?
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---Seperate frozen fingers and toes with cotton wedges ---loosen any tight clothing worn by the client ---instruct the client to avoid walking if the foot is frostbitten Rationale: When caring for a client with frostbite, the nurse should seperate the frozen fingers and toes of the client with cotton wedges, lossen tight clothing worn by the client, and instruct the client to avoid walking if the foot is frostbitten. The nurse needs to avoid using bandages, ointments, or salves on the frostbitten parts of the client, and should not rub the frost bitten parts of the client especially with snow.
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What nursing interventions should the nurse perform for a client who has a fractured leg?
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---Apply ice on the injury site. Rationale: While caring for a client with a fractured leg, the nurse needs to apply ice on the injured site. The nurse does not need place the client's injured leg on a raised level. also the nurse should never attempt to replace the ends of bones in a fracture. The nurse needs to apply a roller bandage for sprains or strains, not for fractures.
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Which of the following compensatory actions should the nurse perform for a client who has gone into shock as a result of serious illness?
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---Look for signs of change in the clients level of consciousness. Rationale: The nurse should look for signs of a change in the clients level of consciousness while caring for a client who has gone into a shock due to serious illness. When assessing a client in an emergency the nurse should maintain the persons airway even if breathing is present. If a possibility of spinal injury exists the nurse needs to stabalize the persons cervical spine before attempting other activities. Moving the client to a well ventilated cool room is required for treatment of heat stroke.
