First Aid- wounds, burns, and poisoning – Flashcards

an injury to soft tissues such as skin, fat, or muscles causing a torn vessel

closed- skin surface is not broken open- skin surface is broken & blood may come through the tear in the skin

1) abrasion 2) laceration 3) avulsion 4) puncture

scrape, capillary bleeding, very serious ex. rug burn

a cut caused by a sharp object such as a knife, scissors, broken glass, can cut fat, muscle, nerves, blood vessels

when a portion of the skin is partially or completely torn away ex. amputation or bite

would due to a pointed object that pierces the skin Ex. gun shot wound

1) control bleeding 2) prevent infection

cover wound w/ dressings (gauze) or bandages (ace wrap) to absorb blood, apply pressure, control bleeding, allow clotting, protect wound, prevent infection, and support the injured area

- rapid, weak pulse - moist, pale, cold, clammy skin - irritable, excitable -vomiting or coughing up blood - excessive thirst -confused, faint, drowsy, unconscious

- redness -warmth -throbbing pain - pus or discharge -fever, illness -red streaks

- if edges of skin are jagged and do not line up - most lacerations to the face - if wound is over 1 cm long or 1/2 inch deep - within the first few hours of wound

- speed up healing process - decrease the chance of infection - improve the appearance of scars

1) wash hands 2) put on PPE 3) make sure all instruments are clean 4) apply elevation and pressure over lesion (if necessary) to control bleeding 5) clean in and around skin with sterile gauze, sope and water, removing any debris 6) determine if wound warrants physician referral (stitches?) 7) clean wound with antiseptic or antibiotic (hibiclens, basatrasin, betadine) 8) cover wound with dressing, if it becomes soaked add more on top 9) apply pressure bandage over either brachial or femoral arteries depending on wound location to control bleeding 10) secure dressing with tape or wrap 11) clean up area of any bodily fluids/contaminated equipment or supplies 12) dispose of non biohazard and biohazard waste appropriately 13) wash and sanitize hands

- source & depth

- heat, chemical, electricity, radiation (sun)

- superficial, top layer of skin is dry and painful

- skin is red, painful, with blisters, fluid, and swollen

- all layers destroyed, skin brown, black, or white, may or may not be painful

1) check the scene for safety 2) remove person from source of burn or brush of chemicals using gloved hands 3) cool the burn with large amounts of cold running water for at least 20 minutes 4) cover the burn loosely with sterile dressing 5) comfort and reassure the person

- do NOT apply ice or ice water except on small, superficial first degree burns - do NOT touch a burn - do NOT remove clothing that sticks to the burned area - do NOT try to clean a severe burn - do NOT try to break blisters - do NOT use any kind of ointment on a severe burn

- call 911, wrap body part in sterile gauze and place in a plastic bag on ice

- call 911, do NOT remove it unless it is just a splinter, place dressings around it to keep it from moving, bandage the dressing in place securely

- apply nose plugs, ice, pressure for 5-10 minutes, do NOT elevate the head

- control bleeding by placing gauze in socket left by missing tooth, place tooth in a Save-A-Tooth kit, milk, their own gum, or cool water, seek dental care within 30 mins

- call 911, use pillows or blankets to support and immobilize the area

- call 911, cover the wound with a dressing, splint, immobilize with a blanket or pillow

!) swallowed Ex. foods, sleeping pills, alcohol 2) inhaled Ex. toxic fumes, gases, carbon monoxide 3) absorbed Ex. plants or pesticides 4) injected Ex. bite or sting

- chills, nausea, vomiting -dizziness/confusion -diarrhea -weakness - chest or abdominal pain - slurred speech - irregular pulse or breathing - poor coordination -sweating

- check scene for any unusual odors, flames, open containers, etc. - try to find out TYPE of poison taken - WHEN it was taken - HOW MUCH the person weighs - call the National Poison Control Center - care for the person and ask them questions - if they vomit, save some so the hospital can analyze it

- 1800-222-1222

- scorpions - black widow - brown recluse - ticks (lymes disease) - mosquitos (west nile virus) - animals (rabies)

1) rattlesnake 2) copperhead 3) cotton mouth/ water moccasin 4) coral snakes

- call 911, wash the wound, do NOT elevate, cut the wound, or apply suction

1) stingray 2) Portuguese Man-o-War 3) Sea Anemone 4) Jelly Fish

- breathing and heart problems

- call 911, soak the injured part in vinegar, baking soda, or rubbing alcohol

1) poison ivy 2) poison oak 3) Poison sumac

- remove clothing, wash the exposed area with soap and water, use baking soda, calamine lotion, or Benadryl, see doctor if worsens