question

The drug xylazine is best described as an - Antiinflammatory - Analgesic and sedative - Antiemetic - Anesthetic

answer

Analgesic and sedative

question

Detomidine is approved for use in - Dogs - Cats - Horses - Cattle

answer

Horses

question

Butorphanol is best described as a/an - Antiinflammatory - Analgesic - Anesthetic - Diuretic

answer

Analgesic

question

Diazepam is considered to be a good choice in patients when which body system is compromised? - Hepatic - Renal - Cardiovascular - All body systems

answer

Cardiovascular

question

In the United States, xylazine is not approved for use in - Dogs - Cats - Horses - Cattle

answer

Cattle

question

Guaifenesin is most often used in horses and cattle to provide - Analgesia - Muscle relaxation - Anesthesia - Diuresis

answer

Muscle relaxation

question

The combination of xylazine and butorphanol is used to - Provide greater analgesia and muscle relaxation than either drug can alone - Cause central nervous system (CNS) excitement - Increase the dose of butorphanol - Increase the dose of xylazine

answer

Provide greater analgesia and muscle relaxation than either drug can alone

question

Which drug is the most potent sedative? - Xylazine - Detomidine - Acepromazine - Diazepam

answer

Detomidine

question

Which drug is most likely to cause hypotension in normal doses? - Diazepam - Butorphanol - Acepromazine - Flunixin meglumine

answer

Acepromazine

question

The combination drug Telazol contains - Diazepam and ketamine - Diazepam and xylazine - Zolazepam and tiletamine - Xylazine and tiletamine

answer

Zolazepam and tiletamine

question

Epidural techniques are used in many species, but the primary disadvantage in animals is - High cost - Difficulty of administration - Poor analgesia - Movement of the patient

answer

Movement of the patient

question

Which inhalant anesthetic drug is most likely to cause cardiac arrhythmias in dogs? - Isoflurane - Halothane - Sevoflurane - Nitrous oxide

answer

Halothane

question

Which inhalant anesthetic drug is biotransformed to the greatest extent in the animal body? - Isoflurane - Halothane - Sevoflurane - Nitrous oxide

answer

Nitrous oxide

question

All of the following cross the placental barrier in significant amounts except - Acepromazine - Diazepam - Isoflurane - Neuromuscular blocking agents

answer

Neuromuscular blocking agents

question

Which drug is not classified as a barbiturate? - Phenobarbital - Thiopental - Pentobarbital - Propofol

answer

Propofol

question

Glycopyrrolate is an anticholinergic with all of the following advantages over atropine except - Longer duration of action - Crosses the placental barrier - Less likely to cause cardiac arrhythmias - Smaller dose volume

answer

Crosses the placental barrier

question

At normal doses, what effect does atropine have on the heart rate? - Decreases - No effect - Increases - Prevents a decrease

answer

Prevents a decrease

question

Opioid drugs are used in anesthetic protocols primarily as - Anesthetics - Analgesics - Antiinflammatories - Antihistamines

answer

Analgesics

question

The advantage of xylazine over acepromazine is that it - Does not cause cardiac arrhythmias - Produces a short period of analgesia - Has antiemetic properties - Is an antiinflammatory

answer

Produces a short period of analgesia

question

Routine use of atropine in horses should be avoided, because it may - Cause colic - Slow the heart rate - Cause excitement - Increase salivation

answer

Cause colic

question

Which drug should be avoided in the stallion because it may cause permanent prolapse of the penis? - Glycopyrrolate - Acepromazine - Xylazine - Diazepam

answer

Acepromazine

question

Which drug is a narcotic antagonist? - Naloxone - Atropine - Pancuronium - Droperidol

answer

Naloxone

question

A 10% solution of thiopental sodium for anesthetic induction contains - 10 mg/ml - 100 mg/ml - 20 mg/ml - 40 mg/ml

answer

100 mg/ml

question

Depressant preanesthetic medication may have what effect on the anesthesia procedure? - Shorten the recovery time - Prolong the recovery time - Leave the recovery time unaltered - Necessitate increasing the dose of induction agent

answer

Prolong the recovery time

question

Which drug is an antagonist of xylazine? - Butorphanol - Detomidine - Yohimbine - Pentazocine

answer

Yohimbine

question

Diazepam is used to produce - Analgesia - Hypnosis - Muscle relaxation - Vomiting

answer

Muscle relaxation

question

Epinephrine - Increases the heart rate - Decreases the heart rate - Decreases the blood pressure - Should be used to reverse the effects of acepromazine

answer

Increases the heart rate

question

Use of nitrous oxide in anesthesia - Increases the amount of inhalation anesthetic required - Decreases the amount of inhalation anesthetic required - Slows the induction process - Has no effect on the time or amount of anesthetic required

answer

Decreases the amount of inhalation anesthetic required

question

A disadvantage of breathing 50% nitrous oxide is that it - Decreases the arterial PaO - Increases the arterial PaO - Slows the induction time - Prolongs the recovery time

answer

Decreases the arterial PaO

question

How many milligrams per milliliter (mg/ml) does a 2% lidocaine solution contain? - 5 - 10 - 20 - 30

answer

20

question

What volume of thiopental sodium should be administered intravenously to a 500-kg horse for induction of anesthesia? The dosage is 8 mg/kg, and you are using a 10% solution. - 24 ml - 40 ml - 60 ml - 65 ml

answer

40 ml

question

Apneustic breathing patterns are frequently seen in cats with use of - Pentobarbital - Thiamylal - Ketamine - Guaifenesin

answer

Ketamine

question

Which of the following is not a good reason to use a preanesthetic? - Calms the patient - Minimizes the dose of induction agent needed - Smoothes induction and recovery - Increases vagal activity

answer

Increases vagal activity

question

If 180 ml of a 5% solution of guaifenesin is administered to a 150-kg foal, how many mg/kg would be administered? - 30 - 60 - 90 - 15

answer

60

question

Caudal epidural administration of lidocaine in the dog is - Useful to prevent movement - Not to be used for cesarean section - An excellent caudal analgesic - An old procedure with little value in veterinary anesthesia today

answer

An excellent caudal analgesic

question

Mask inductions are - Best used in dogs and cats with airway obstruction - Best used in aggressive dogs and cats - Absolutely the best way to induce anesthesia in all dogs and cats - More appropriately used in calm dogs and cats

answer

More appropriately used in calm dogs and cats

question

Which of the following is not an effect associated with atropine administration? - Tachycardia - Excessive salivation - Mydriasis - Decreased gastrointestinal motility

answer

Excessive salivation

question

The dosage of acepromazine is 0.1 mg/kg, and the maximum dose is 4 mg. How many milligrams would you administer to a 60-kg dog? - 2 - 4 - 6 - 8

answer

4

question

Halothane concentrations of 1% to 2% may produce any of the following except - Hypotension - Hypoventilation - Hypothermia - Increased cardiac output

answer

Increased cardiac output

question

The adverse effects of anesthetic compounds are - Nothing to worry about - Never present with smaller doses - Dose dependent - Not dose dependent

answer

Dose dependent

question

The most reliable sign of inadequate anesthetic depth is - Increased heart rate - Increased respiratory rate - Active palpebral reflex - Responsive movement

answer

Responsive movement

question

Propofol is a/an - Xylazine antagonist - Ultrashort-acting barbiturate - Ketamine-like dissociative - Nonbarbiturate, intravenous anesthetic with hypotensive potential

answer

Nonbarbiturate, intravenous anesthetic with hypotensive potential

question

Acepromazine should be avoided in - Patients with a history of seizures - Aggressive patients - All old dogs - All Dobermans

answer

Patients with a history of seizures

question

In dogs, normal doses of opioids generally produce all of the following except - Respiratory depression - Decreased heart rate - Analgesia - Excitement

answer

Excitement

question

When comparing inhalation anesthetics, you should use the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) as a guide in assessing - Respiratory depression - Potency of the agent - Cardiovascular effects - Solubility coefficients

answer

Potency of the agent

question

Which drug is a dissociative anesthetic? - Thiopental sodium - Ketamine - Xylazine - Acepromazine

answer

Ketamine

question

Which inhalant anesthetic is associated with the longest induction and recovery times? - Nitrous oxide - Isoflurane - Halothane - Sevoflurane

answer

Halothane

question

In rabbits, intravenous anesthetics should be injected into which of the following veins? - Femoral - Jugular - Auricular - Cephalic

answer

Auricular

question

The oxygen flow rate necessary to prevent rebreathing of exhaled gases with an Ayre's T piece is - 0.5 L/min - 1 L/min - 2 L/min - Greater than 1.5 times the minute ventilation

answer

Greater than 1.5 times the minute ventilation

question

A half-full tank of nitrous oxide gas has a pressure of - 375 psi - 2200 psi - 750 psi - 50 psi

answer

750 psi

question

When inflating lungs with the thoracic cavity open to the atmosphere, be sure that the pressure reached on the manometer is - 10 cm HO - 20 cm HO - 60 cm HO - 70 cm HO

answer

20 cm HO

question

Precision vaporizers, such as those used for isoflurane, work correctly when placed - In the circle - Out of the circle - Either in or out of the circle - In the high-pressure portion of the anesthetic system

answer

Out of the circle

question

If the unidirectional valves are missing from an anesthetic machine, it is - Okay to use the machine until you find them - Okay to use the machine if soda lime is new - Okay to use the machine with the pop-off valve closed - Definitely not okay to use the machine, except with a nonrebreathing circuit

answer

Definitely not okay to use the machine, except with a nonrebreathing circuit

question

The oxygen flush valve - Allows oxygen to flow into the breathing system without going through the vaporizer - Increases the anesthetic concentration within the circuit - Causes the patient to breathe deeper - Is used primarily to keep the reservoir bag deflated

answer

Allows oxygen to flow into the breathing system without going through the vaporizer

question

The advantages of a nonrebreathing system, as compared with a circle breathing system, include all of the following, except - Reduced resistance to breathing - Greater potential for hypothermia caused by high flows needed - Reduced mechanical dead space - No soda lime required

answer

Greater potential for hypothermia caused by high flows needed

question

The minimum fresh gas flow in a semiclosed system is correctly determined by the - Patient's metabolic rate - Patient's respiratory rate - Drugs used for premedication - Size of the soda lime canister

answer

Patient's metabolic rate

question

All inhalant anesthetic machines should have - A nitrous oxide flowmeter - Blood pressure monitors - Respiratory monitors - An anesthetic waste gas scavenging system

answer

An anesthetic waste gas scavenging system

question

Vaporizers may be classified according to all of the following, except the - Method of regulating output - Method of vaporization - Location in the anesthetic circuit - Type of breathing circuit with which they can be used

answer

Type of breathing circuit with which they can be used

question

An intravenous catheter should be - Large enough to allow adequate fluid delivery, if cardiac arrest occurs - As small as possible to avoid pain - Placed in critically ill patients only - Left in place for at least 3 days after surgery

answer

Large enough to allow adequate fluid delivery, if cardiac arrest occurs

question

The volume of the rebreathing bag on an anesthetic machine should be at least - The same as the patient's tidal volume - Three times the patient's tidal volume - Six times the patient's tidal volume - Nine times the patient's tidal volume

answer

Three times the patient's tidal volume

question

Pulse oximetry monitoring devices give an estimate of - Respiratory rate - Cardiac output - Percentage of hemoglobin saturation with oxygen in arterial blood - Oxygen content of arterial blood

answer

Percentage of hemoglobin saturation with oxygen in arterial blood

question

Which statement concerning soda lime is least accurate? - It removes carbon dioxide from the breathing circuit. - Its capacity should be at least one to two times the patient's tidal volume. - It can be nonfunctional and still maintain its original color. - It should be changed once a month.

answer

It should be changed once a month.

question

If the rebreathing bag is empty during anesthesia, all of the following may be the cause, except - The oxygen flow may be too high. - The oxygen flow may be too low. - There may be a leak in the system. - The waste gas scavenging system is not working properly.

answer

The oxygen flow may be too high.

question

Nitrous oxide cylinders are painted what color? - Green - Gray - Blue - Brown

answer

Blue

question

The approximate volume of oxygen in an E cylinder is - 70 L - 700 L - 7000 L - 2200 L

answer

700 L

question

The approximate volume of oxygen in an H cylinder is - 70 L - 700 L - 7000 L - 2200 L

answer

7000 L

question

The pressure of gas that enters the flowmeter of an inhalant anesthetic machine is - 20 to 30 psi - 50 to 60 psi - 100 to 120 psi - 2200 psi

answer

50 to 60 psi

question

Which statement concerning the pressure manometer in an inhalant anesthetic circuit is least accurate? - It is calibrated in centimeters of water or millimeters of mercury. - It is helpful when ventilating patients. - It is related to the pressure in the patient's airway. - It measures oxygen partial pressure.

answer

It measures oxygen partial pressure.

question

Activated charcoal devices absorb all inhalation agents except - Isoflurane - Halothane - Sevoflurane - Nitrous oxide

answer

Nitrous oxide

question

According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the maximum recommended level of exposure of people to volatile anesthetic agents in the environment is - 2 ppm - 4 ppm - 6 ppm - 8 ppm

answer

2 ppm

question

There is evidence of increased health risks among people exposed chronically to trace levels of inhalant anesthetic gases. All of the following conditions have been associated with such exposure except - Abortion and congenital abnormalities - Hepatic and renal disease - CNS dysfunction - Insomnia

answer

Insomnia

question

All of the following are methods that reduce waste gas levels except - Scavenging systems - Elimination of breathing circuit leaks - Careful filling of vaporizers to avoid spillage - Chamber and mask inductions

answer

Chamber and mask inductions

question

When inflating the cuff on an endotracheal tube, you should change to a larger diameter tube if cuff inflation requires injection of more than what volume of air? - 2 ml - 5 ml - 7 ml - 10 ml

answer

5 ml

question

Ideally an endotracheal tube should be inserted so that - Its tip is midway between the thoracic inlet and the larynx. - The adaptor is just caudal to the incisors. - It is deep enough to prevent backing out. - Its tip just reaches the third rib.

answer

Its tip is midway between the thoracic inlet and the larynx.

question

When an endotracheal tube is being inserted in a horse, the animal should be placed in - Sternal recumbency with its head at a 90-degree angle to the neck - Sternal recumbency with its head and neck extended - Lateral recumbency with its head at a 90-degree angle to the neck - Lateral recumbency with its head, neck, and back extended

answer

Lateral recumbency with its head, neck, and back extended

question

Which of the following is not an advantage for endotracheal intubation? - Ensures a patent airway - Increases dead space and allows for more efficient ventilation - Prevents aspiration pneumonitis - Improves oxygenation of arterial blood

answer

Increases dead space and allows for more efficient ventilation

question

Which animal is most likely to experience laryngospasm during endotracheal intubation? - Thoroughbred mare - Hereford cow - Persian cat - Dalmatian dog

answer

Persian cat

question

Which of the following is the most common complication of endotracheal intubation? - Placement of the tube in the esophagus - Physical damage to the teeth and oral mucous membranes - Overinflated cuff injuring the trachea - Underinflated cuff collapsing the trachea

answer

Placement of the tube in the esophagus

question

The best method for determining the proper inflation of an endotracheal tube cuff is - Use 1 ml of air for each millimeter of internal diameter of the tube. - Inject air while applying pressure from the reservoir bag until no air escapes around the tube. - Inject air until the bulb on the cuff tubing is too hard to collapse. - Use a 12-ml syringe and inject 12 ml of air into the cuff.

answer

Inject air while applying pressure from the reservoir bag until no air escapes around the tube.

question

The preferred method for treating a cat with laryngospasm is to - Use a sharp stylet to wedge the endotracheal tube between the vocal cords. - Return the animal to its cage, and wait 20 minutes before trying again. - Place a drop of a topical anesthetic in the laryngeal area, wait a few minutes, and then intubate the animal. - Use a stiffer endotracheal tube that can force the vocal cords open.

answer

Place a drop of a topical anesthetic in the laryngeal area, wait a few minutes, and then intubate the animal.

question

Which of the following is not an advantage of using an endotracheal tube? - Prevents atelectasis of lung alveoli - Encourages proper examination of the animal's mouth, pharynx, and larynx - Provides a means for treating respiratory and cardiac arrest - Increases the chances of airway obstruction

answer

Increases the chances of airway obstruction

question

In a Siamese cat, the endotracheal tube should be removed - As soon as the surgery or diagnostic technique is completed - Only after the animal is fully conscious and able to maintain a free airway - When the animal is taken off of the anesthesia machine - As soon as the animal begins to swallow and cough

answer

As soon as the animal begins to swallow and cough

question

In a pug, the endotracheal tube should be removed - As soon as the surgery or diagnostic technique is completed - Only after the animal is fully conscious and able to maintain a free airway - When the animal is taken off of the anesthesia machine - As soon as the animal begins to swallow and cough

answer

Only after the animal is fully conscious and able to maintain a free airway

question

What is the best technique to secure an endotracheal tube to an animal? - It is best not to secure the tube to the animal, so that it can move freely if the animal starts to wake up. - It should be secured by gauze strips around the head in cats and brachycephalic dogs and caudal to the upper canines in other breeds of dogs. - It can be secured by several wraps of cloth and tape around the animal's nose and the tube. - A rubber band can be looped tightly around the tube and the animal's nose.

answer

It should be secured by gauze strips around the head in cats and brachycephalic dogs and caudal to the upper canines in other breeds of dogs.

question

Which statement concerning use of intravenous anesthesia in large animals is least accurate? - It is routinely used for cast applications, castrations, and umbilical hernias. - It works well on procedures that require complete immobilization of the patient. - It should not be used on procedures that require more than 45 to 50 minutes to complete. - It requires use of a preanesthetic for sedation and a barbiturate.

answer

It works well on procedures that require complete immobilization of the patient.

question

When monitoring the vital signs of an anesthetized patient, you must observe and record all of the following, except - Mucous membrane color and capillary refill time - Heart rate and respiratory rate and depth - Reflexes - Pulse quality and strength

answer

Reflexes

question

The responsibilities of the anesthetist during a surgical procedure include continuous monitoring of the patient's vital signs and recording observations at approximately - 10-minute intervals - 5-minute intervals - 2-minute intervals - 15-second intervals

answer

5-minute intervals

question

Adequate oxygen may be evaluated subjectively during anesthesia by the - Heart rate - Respiratory rate - Mucous membrane color and capillary refill time - Pulse pressure

answer

Mucous membrane color and capillary refill time

question

Hypoventilation that occurs in the anesthetized patient is characterized by - Decreased oxygen levels and increased carbon dioxide levels - Decreased carbon dioxide levels and decreased oxygen levels - Increased oxygen levels and decreased carbon dioxide levels - Increased oxygen levels and increased carbon dioxide levels

answer

Decreased oxygen levels and increased carbon dioxide levels

question

In nonbrachycephalic breeds of dogs recovering from anesthesia, the endotracheal tube should be removed when the - Palpebral reflex returns - Swallowing reflex returns - Pupils resume a central position - Animal shows voluntary movement of the limbs

answer

Swallowing reflex returns

question

Concerning physical stimulation of the recovering anesthetized patient, which statement is least accurate? - Stimulation should not include rubbing the chest, because it may interfere with respiration. - Stimulation can include talking to the patient, moving the limbs, or pinching the toes. - Stimulation increases the flow of information to the reticular activation center of the brain. - A lack of stimulation may cause drowsiness in the conscious animal.

answer

Stimulation should not include rubbing the chest, because it may interfere with respiration.

question

It is advisable to turn the anesthetized patient from side to side during the recovery period of anesthesia. Concerning this, which statement is least accurate? - Turn the patient every 10 to 15 minutes until it regains consciousness. - Turning the patient prevents pooling of blood in the dependent parts of the body. - It is advisable to turn all animals dorsally, rather than sternally, to prevent gastric torsion. - Turning the patient helps stimulate respiration and consciousness.

answer

It is advisable to turn all animals dorsally, rather than sternally, to prevent gastric torsion.

question

Once extubated, all animals should be placed in - Right lateral recumbency with the neck extended - Left lateral recumbency with the neck in a normal, flexed position - Sternal recumbency with the neck extended - Whatever position is most comfortable for the patient

answer

Sternal recumbency with the neck extended

question

Following discontinuation of the anesthetic gas, periodic bagging of the patient with pure oxygen is advisable, because it - Helps reinflate collapsed alveoli - Allows for a faster recovery - Helps flush anesthetic gas out of the hoses - Allows expired waste gas to be evacuated by the scavenger system

answer

Helps reinflate collapsed alveoli

question

In the anesthetized surgical patient, pale mucous membranes can indicate all of the following, except - Inadequate oxygen levels - Cyanosis - Excessive blood loss - Decreased tissue perfusion

answer

Cyanosis

question

In patients with which of the following characteristics is it recommended to wait a longer period before extubation because of the likelihood of vomiting or airway obstruction? - Dolichocephalic - Undershot mandible - Brachycephalic - Cleft palate

answer

Brachycephalic

question

Providing good nursing care for the recovering anesthetized patient is the duty of the attending anesthetist. Which of the following is not advisable for a patient immediately following surgery? - Providing ample bedding to prevent heat loss and increase comfort - Providing fresh food and water once the animal is conscious - Providing a source of heat in hypothermia cases - Administering postoperative analgesics as directed by the veterinarian

answer

Providing fresh food and water once the animal is conscious

question

98. The minimum acceptable heart rate (beats per minute) for an anesthetized medium-sized dog is - 40 bpm - 60 bpm - 80 bpm - 100 bpm

answer

60 bpm

question

It is cause for concern if an anesthetized cat's heart rate falls below - 160 bpm - 120 bpm - 100 bpm - 140 bpm

answer

100 bpm

question

An anesthetist should be aware of the effects of anesthetic agents on the patient. When used as preanesthetics, atropine and acepromazine can cause all of the following, except - Prolapse of the nictitating membrane - Respiratory depression - Reduced salivation and tear production - Pupil dilatation in cats

answer

Respiratory depression

question

A capillary refill time that is over 2 seconds indicates - Congestive heart failure - Decreased peripheral blood perfusion - Decreased ventilation - Hypertension

answer

Decreased peripheral blood perfusion

question

Use of an indwelling catheter in an artery to monitor blood pressure is termed - Direct monitoring - Central venous pressure - Indirect monitoring - Peripheral venous pressure

answer

Direct monitoring

question

When monitoring the mucous membrane color of an anesthetized patient with pigmented gingivae, you could use each of the following alternative sites except - Pinnae - Tongue - Buccal mucous membranes - Membranes lining the prepuce or vulva

answer

Pinnae

question

During the maintenance period of anesthesia in a cat or dog, respiratory rates lower than how many breaths/min may indicate excessive anesthetic depth that should be reported to the veterinarian? - 5 - 8 - 10 - 12

answer

8

question

Some anesthetists routinely bag the patient under inhalation anesthesia once every 5 minutes to help prevent - Apnea - Mydriasis - Hypercapnia - Atelectasis

answer

Atelectasis

question

The causes of true hyperventilation and tachypnea during anesthesia may include all of the following except - Progression from light to moderate anesthesia - Response to metabolic acidosis - Response to a mild surgical stimulus - Presence of pulmonary edema

answer

Progression from light to moderate anesthesia

question

If the rectum of a patient is covered by a surgical drape or is otherwise inaccessible to the anesthetist, a rough estimate of body temperature can be obtained by - Touching the patient's nose or tail - Touching the patient's feet or ears - Touching the patient's tongue or mucous membranes - Feeling the temperature of exhaled air

answer

Touching the patient's feet or ears

question

Throughout anesthesia, the animal's temperature should be maintained as close to normal as possible. Hypothermia can be prevented by all of the following measures except - Warming the stainless-steel V trough before using it - Administering warm intravenous fluids - Use of a circulating warm-water heating pad - Providing a comfortable air temperature in the surgery room

answer

Warming the stainless-steel V trough before using it

question

Malignant hyperthermia is a potentially fatal syndrome to the anesthetized patient. Which of these species is most prone to this condition? - Cattle - Pigs - Dogs - Goats

answer

Pigs

question

Use of succinylcholine in combination with general anesthetics may be advantageous to the surgeon during certain procedures, but it gives the anesthetist one less measure with which to monitor anesthetic depth. What measure would be of no use in monitoring patients given succinylcholine? - Eye position and pupil size - Heart rate - Jaw muscle tone - Respiratory rate

answer

Jaw muscle tone

question

Using ketamine as an anesthetic agent diminishes the value of what measure in assessing anesthetic depth? - Pinna reflex - Pedal reflex - Jaw muscle tone - Eye position

answer

Eye position

question

Which statement concerning eye position, pupil size, and responsiveness to light as indicators of anesthetic depth is least accurate? - In stage III, plane 3 of anesthesia, the eyes are usually central to slightly eccentric, with normal pupils that are responsive to light. - In stage III, plane 2 of anesthesia, the eyes are usually rotated ventrally with slightly dilated pupils. - In stage II of anesthesia, the eyes are usually central, and the pupils may be dilated and responsive to light. - In stage IV of anesthesia, the eyes are central with widely dilated pupils that are unresponsive to light.

answer

In stage III, plane 3 of anesthesia, the eyes are usually central to slightly eccentric, with normal pupils that are responsive to light.

question

The presence or absence of salivary and lacrimal secretions may give clues regarding anesthetic depth. In an animal that has not received an anticholinergic, which statement concerning observance of these secretions is most accurate? - Production of tears and saliva increases with increasing anesthetic depth. - Production of tears and saliva is totally absent in light anesthesia. - Tear and saliva production diminishes as anesthetic depth is increased. - Tear and saliva production increases in all stages of anesthesia in the absence of anticholinergics.

answer

Tear and saliva production diminishes as anesthetic depth is increased.

question

The anesthetized patient may respond to surgical stimulation if the anesthetic depth is inadequate. Response to a painful stimulus may be indicated by all of the following except - A considerable increase in heart rate and an increase in blood pressure - A decrease in lacrimation and salivation - An increase in respiratory rate - Sweating on the foot pads

answer

A decrease in lacrimation and salivation

question

A 10-year-old dog has been anesthetized for removal of a skin tumor and is now maintained on 2% isoflurane. The anesthetist observes that its respirations are 8/min and shallow, its heart rate is 80 beats/min, its pupils are centrally positioned, its jaw tone is slack, and all of its reflexes are absent. This animal is in what stage and plane of anesthesia? - Stage III, plane 2 - Stage III, plane 3 - Stage III, plane 4 - Stage IV, plane 1

answer

Stage III, plane 3

question

A 10-year-old dog has been anesthetized for removal of a skin tumor and is now maintained on 2% isoflurane. The anesthetist observes that its respirations are 8/min and shallow, its heart rate is 80 beats/min, its pupils are centrally positioned, its jaw tone is slack, and all of its reflexes are absent. What should be your response or actions to the condition of this animal? - It is adequately anesthetized; no adjustments are necessary. - You should try to stimulate the animal, to lighten the plane of anesthesia. - You should notify the veterinarian of the dog's condition but not be alarmed. - You should reduce the vaporizer setting to 1.5% isoflurane and continue to monitor for signs of decreased depth.

answer

You should reduce the vaporizer setting to 1.5% isoflurane and continue to monitor for signs of decreased depth.

question

What stage of anesthesia may be characterized by vocalization, struggling, and breath holding? - Stage I - Stage II - Stage III, plane 1 - Stage III, plane 2

answer

Stage II

question

A dog received intramuscularly the correct dose of xylazine. Second-degree heart block and bradycardia developed. Based on the most common cause of this adverse reaction, what would be the best therapy? - No treatment is required. - Yohimbine - Glycopyrrolate - Doxapram

answer

Glycopyrrolate

question

An abnormally elevated central venous pressure that develops during anesthesia and surgery in an animal receiving intravenous fluids may indicate - Intravenous fluid overload - Increased cardiac output - Dehydration - Liver disease

answer

Intravenous fluid overload

question

A 1:10,000 dilution of epinephrine contains how much epinephrine per milliliter? - 1 mg - 0.01 mg - 1 µg - 0.1 mg

answer

0.1 mg

question

Cardiac arrhythmias that occur during anesthesia are commonly associated with all of the following except - Normocapnia - Excessive halothane concentration - Hypoxemia - Myocardial ischemia

answer

Normocapnia

question

Mean arterial blood pressure of the isoflurane-anesthetized horse - Can be used as an indication of anesthetic depth - Is not important - Is not practical to monitor - Is important for long procedures only

answer

Can be used as an indication of anesthetic depth

question

Surgical evaluation of a dog hit by a car revealed a PCV of 18% and plasma protein below 2.5 g/dl. All of the following are true, except the - Patient is predisposed to pulmonary edema. - Fluid administration rates should be watched closely. - Patient should receive plasma or whole blood before surgery. - Patient should not receive fluid before surgery.

answer

Patient should not receive fluid before surgery.

question

The estimated blood volume in dogs is - 25 ml/kg - 50 ml/kg - 75 ml/kg - 100 ml/kg

answer

75 ml/kg

question

The volume of blood administered to a patient is determined by all of the following except - PCV of the donor - PCV of the recipient - Desired PCV - Age of the recipient

answer

Age of the recipient

question

While monitoring a horse during inhalation anesthesia, you note that the heart rate suddenly increases to 80 beats/min. Your most appropriate response is to - Increase the delivered anesthetic concentration - Administer intravenously 10 mg of butorphanol - Evaluate the peripheral pulse, mucous membranes, and other vital organ function before responding - Not be concerned, because the horse is not moving

answer

Evaluate the peripheral pulse, mucous membranes, and other vital organ function before responding

question

While monitoring a horse receiving oxygen at the rate of 8 L/min, isoflurane 2.5%, and fluids at the rate of 10 ml/kg/hr, you note that the blood pressure suddenly falls to 60 mm Hg, and the peripheral pulse becomes weak. Your first response should be to - Administer a vasoactive agent - Lower the isoflurane concentration and increase fluid delivery rate - Turn down the oxygen flow - Not be concerned

answer

Lower the isoflurane concentration and increase fluid delivery rate

question

Whole blood should be administered in which of the following presurgical situations? - PCV 30% - PCV 14% - Von Willebrand positive - Chronic anemia, PCV 25%

answer

PCV 14%

question

A 10-kg dog with a ventricular arrhythmia is treated with an IV lidocaine drip at 50 µg/kg/min. How many drops per minute from a minidrip infusion set (60 drops/ml) are necessary if the concentration of lidocaine is 1 mg/ml? - 3 - 5 - 30 - 50

answer

30

question

The most common arrhythmia associated with use of thiobarbiturates in dogs during induction of anesthesia is - Atrial fibrillation - Ventricular tachycardia - Bigeminy - Second-degree atrioventricular block

answer

Bigeminy

question

Tachycardia in an anesthetized patient may be an indication of any of the following except - Hypotension - Pain - Light plane of anesthesia - Xylazine overdose

answer

Xylazine overdose

question

A cardiac rhythm disturbance detected shortly after induction of anesthesia may be the result of any of the following except - The induction agent - Difficulty intubating - Hypoxemia - Breathing oxygen-enriched air

answer

Breathing oxygen-enriched air

question

Hypothermia has become significant in a 4-kg anesthetized cat. The best way to restore body heat is - With a warm-water blanket - To submerge the animal in warm water - With a heat lamp - To warm the air in the breathing circuit by some method

answer

To warm the air in the breathing circuit by some method

question

In a cat that is too deeply anesthetized, all of the following may be present except - Pale mucous membranes - Tachycardia - Bradycardia - Voluntary movement

answer

Voluntary movement

question

An isoflurane-anesthetized cat suddenly begins breathing 30 times a minute during a surgical procedure. Your first response should be to - Turn down the oxygen flow rate - Immediately begin to bag the patient - Turn up the anesthetic concentration - Evaluate vital organ function and endotracheal tube placement and make necessary adjustments

answer

Evaluate vital organ function and endotracheal tube placement and make necessary adjustments

question

If a dog is too deeply anesthetized, all of the following may be seen except - Tachycardia - Bradycardia - Pale mucous membranes - Increased jaw muscle tone

answer

Increased jaw muscle tone

question

A dog anesthetized with halothane in 99% oxygen develops ventricular tachycardia. What is the drug of choice for therapy? - Propranolol - Quinidine - Lidocaine - Atropine

answer

Lidocaine

question

Dobutamine is used in emergency anesthetic and clinical situations to - Increase the respiratory rate - Increase cardiac output - Correct cardiac arrhythmias - Decrease the heart rate

answer

Increase cardiac output

question

During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in a medium-sized dog, you should maintain a ventilation rate of how many breaths per minute? - 5 - 12 - 20 - 30

answer

12

question

During CPR, adequate cardiac massage is present when - The electrocardiogram (ECG) is normal. - The heart rate is 60 beats/min. - A peripheral pulse can be palpated. - The mucous membranes are pink.

answer

A peripheral pulse can be palpated.

question

The only accurate way to evaluate the effectiveness of respiration is by - Observing abdominal and chest movements during respiration - Counting the respiratory rate - Feeling air move through the endotracheal tube or nostrils - Measuring the arterial blood oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures

answer

Measuring the arterial blood oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures

question

Dehydration greater than 10% is - A seriously morbid state - Nothing to worry about - Not something that affects skin turgor - Not associated with depression

answer

A seriously morbid state

question

Patients that have water withheld for long periods before surgery and general anesthesia may be prone to - Vomiting during induction - Dehydration and hypotension - Nothing more than other patients - Respiratory depression

answer

Dehydration and hypotension

question

When xylazine is used to induce vomiting before surgery - There is nothing to worry about. - Do not place an endotracheal tube. - Examine the airway for gastric contents before placing the endotracheal tube. - Do not administer atropine.

answer

Examine the airway for gastric contents before placing the endotracheal tube.

question

Immediately after tracheal intubation in a 3-kg cat you notice extreme respiratory distress. The most likely cause is - Light plane of anesthesia - Hypoxemia - Nothing; this is normal. - Bronchial intubation

answer

Bronchial intubation

question

After placing, lubricating, and inflating the cuff of the endotracheal tube, you note a sudden decrease in heart rate. The most likely cause is - Low oxygen flow - Too deep a plane of anesthesia - Cuff is underinflated - Cuff may be overinflated, producing vagal-induced bradycardia

answer

Cuff may be overinflated, producing vagal-induced bradycardia

question

During CPR, 2% lidocaine is used to treat ventricular arrhythmias. A complication that may occur after intravenous infusion of lidocaine is - Bradycardia - Coughing - Tachycardia - Vomiting

answer

Bradycardia

question

Indications of poor cardiac function include all of the following except - Cyanosis in patients with a PCV of 45% - Poor perfusion - Cardiac arrhythmias - Normal pulse

answer

Normal pulse

question

Intravenous sodium bicarbonate is used to - Treat cardiac arrhythmias - Produce positive inotropic effects - Stimulate respiration - Combat acidosis

answer

Combat acidosis

question

Doxapram may produce all of the following except - CNS excitement - Increased ventilation rate - Respiratory alkalosis - Hypoventilation

answer

Hypoventilation

question

Obesity delays elimination of what drug because of its high lipid solubility? - Propofol - Xylazine - Thiopental - Guaifenesin

answer

Thiopental

question

______ is commonly used along with ketamine or thiopental as an induction agent for adult horses. - Propofol - Phenobarbital - Guaifenesin - Isoflurane

answer

Guaifenesin

question

______ can cause convulsions when administered alone at high doses. - Dissociative anesthetics - Barbiturates - Benzodiazepine tranquilizers - Propofol

answer

Dissociative anesthetics

question

______ is an analgesic and a sedative. - Acepromazine - Atropine - Diazepam - Xylazine

answer

Xylazine

question

All of the following drugs predispose the animal to bloat, except - Atropine - Medetomidine - Glycopyrrolate - Midazolam

answer

Midazolam

question

A drug is considered an ______ if its action at the receptor is to stimulate. - Agonist - Antagonist - Anarchist - Antitussive

answer

Agonist

question

What drugs will not slow the heart rate? - Anticholinergics - Phenothiazine tranquilizers - Alpha-2 agonists - Gas anesthetics

answer

Anticholinergics

question

Phenothiazine tranquilizers - Cause nausea - Increase the seizure threshold - Cause vasoconstriction - Suppress the sympathetic nervous system

answer

Suppress the sympathetic nervous system

question

An overdose of a barbiturate anesthetic can be appropriately treated with all of the following except - Respiratory stimulant - Fluid therapy - Ventilator support - An increase in the concentration of isoflurane

answer

An increase in the concentration of isoflurane

question

The following general anesthetic agents can be delivered to effect except - Isoflurane - Telazole given IM - Ketamine/diazepam IV - Thiopental IV

answer

Telazole given IM

question

No more than ______ nitrous oxide should be delivered to an anesthetized patient. - 40% - 50% - 60% - 70%

answer

70%

question

Never use nitrous oxide - In a closed anesthesia circuit - In cats - With rubber tubes on the anesthesia machine - With isoflurane

answer

In a closed anesthesia circuit

question

______ is a concern when recovering a patient from anesthesia if nitrous oxide has been used. - Solubility - Diffusion hypoxia - Biotransformation - Inflammation

answer

Diffusion hypoxia

question

Recovery from barbiturate anesthesia is prolonged by all of the following except - Increased blood glucose concentration - Sight hounds - Liver disease - Elevated cardiac output

answer

Elevated cardiac output

question

______ may occur because of rapid recovery from isoflurane anesthesia. - Diffusion hypoxia - Second gas effect - Biotransformation - Emergence delirium

answer

Emergence delirium

question

______ should not be used as part of the anesthetic plan if the patient has an intestinal obstruction. - Isoflurane - Acepromazine - Nitrous oxide - Atropine

answer

Nitrous oxide

question

Pediatric patients younger than 3 months that undergo general anesthesia are at higher risk than adult patients for all of the following except - Having a fluid overdose - Developing hypothermia - Developing hypoglycemia - Biting the endotracheal tube in half

answer

Biting the endotracheal tube in half

question

Which of the following would not cause pale mucous membranes? - Stress causing catecholamine release leading to vasoconstriction - Anemia - Hyperthermia - Hypotension

answer

Hyperthermia

question

The effect of intravenous administration of any anesthetic drug is usually detected in - 30 to 60 seconds - 3 to 5 minutes - 15 to 20 minutes - 1 hour

answer

30 to 60 seconds

question

Kidney function can be assessed by the following preanesthetic screening tests except - BUN - ALT - Urinalysis - Creatinine

answer

ALT

question

The oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood can be assessed by measuring all of the following except - PCV - Hematocrit - Total solids - Hemoglobin

answer

Total solids

question

A patient's hydration status can be assessed by all the following except - Respiratory rate - PCV - Total solids - Skin turgor

answer

Respiratory rate

question

Measures that help decrease waste anesthetic gas exposure include all except - Frequent changing of the soda lime canister - Properly fitting endotracheal tube cuffs - Avoiding use of masks or induction chambers - Leak testing the anesthesia machine

answer

Frequent changing of the soda lime canister

question

Charcoal canisters attached to the exhaust of the anesthesia machine - Absorb carbon dioxide - Remove all gas anesthetic agents - Remove all gas anesthetic agents except nitrous oxide - Change color when the canister must be changed

answer

Remove all gas anesthetic agents except nitrous oxide

question

Daily preanesthesia check of the anesthesia machine should include all of these except - Leak testing - Weighing the charcoal canister - Calibrating of the vaporizer - Filling the vaporizer with anesthetic gas agent

answer

Calibrating of the vaporizer

question

When cleaning up a gas anesthetic spill, you should do all of the following except - Open windows - Turn on any venting fans - Soak up the agent in absorbent material - Dispose of in a paper bag in the trash in the surgical area

answer

Dispose of in a paper bag in the trash in the surgical area

question

Which of the following statements about neuromuscular blocking agents is false? - Neuromuscular blocking agents cause profound muscle relaxation. - Neuromuscular blocking agents interfere with acetylcholine activity. - Neuromuscular blocking agents work at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). - Neuromuscular blocking agents must be injected around the nerve.

answer

Neuromuscular blocking agents must be injected around the nerve.

question

When given a neuromuscular blocking agent, the last muscle(s) to become paralyzed is/are the - Muscles of the tail - Diaphragm - Abdominal muscles - Muscle into which the drug was injected

answer

Diaphragm

question

Neuromuscular blocking agents - Cause increased release of inhibitory neurotransmitters - Interfere with transmission of the electrical impulse along the nerve fiber - Disrupt nerve impulse transmission at the NMJ - Block catecholamine release

answer

Disrupt nerve impulse transmission at the NMJ

question

Local anesthetics - Cause increased release of inhibitory neurotransmitters - Interfere with transmission of the impulse along the nerve fiber - Disrupt nerve impulse transmission at the NMJ - Block catecholamine release

answer

Interfere with transmission of the impulse along the nerve fiber

question

The MAC of an anesthetic agent will change for all of the following reasons except - Preanesthetic drug administration - Patient's age - Patient's breed - Anemia

answer

Patient's breed

question

Inhalant anesthetics with low ______ have short induction and recovery periods. - Toxicity - Solubility coefficient - Vapor pressure - Biotransformation

answer

Solubility coefficient

question

Highly volatile anesthetics are best suited for - IV administration - Precision vaporizers - Draw-over vaporizers - Open-drop or cone systems

answer

Precision vaporizers

question

Recovery from a volatile anesthetic will be prolonged because of all of the following except when - The animal is under for several hours. - A high percent of the anesthetic is biotransformed. - The solubility coefficient is high. - The MAC is high.

answer

The MAC is high.

question

Which volatile anesthetic agent is the most potent? - One with a 1 MAC value of 0.59 - One with a 1 MAC value of 1.2 - One with a 1 MAC value of 5.3 - One with a 1 MAC value of 0.09

answer

One with a 1 MAC value of 0.09

question

Which agent in the table above has the shortest induction and recovery time? - A - B - C - D

answer

B

question

Which agent in the table above can maintain the patient under anesthesia at the lowest alveolar concentration? - A - B - C - D

answer

C

question

Which agent in the table above has the longest induction and recovery time? - A - B - C - D

answer

C

question

Weaning off of a ventilator should include all of the following except - Reversal of the neuromuscular blocking drug - Increase rate of ventilating breaths - Decrease anesthetic gas concentration delivered - Respiratory stimulant drugs

answer

Increase rate of ventilating breaths

question

A/an ______ in the blood stimulates the animal to take a breath. - Decrease in oxygen saturation - Decrease in carbon dioxide - Increase in carbon dioxide - Increase in pH

answer

Increase in carbon dioxide

question

The active phase of normal breathing is - Shorter in duration than the passive phase - The same duration as the passive phase - Longer in duration than the passive phase - Variable in duration, sometimes shorter, sometimes longer

answer

Shorter in duration than the passive phase

question

Overinflation of the lungs during artificial ventilation - Is of little concern, except during open-chest surgery - May cause emphysema - May cause oxygen toxicity - May cause the endotracheal tube to disconnect from the anesthesia machine

answer

May cause emphysema

question

Neuromuscular blocking agents - Provide analgesia - Provide sedation - Paralyze all skeletal muscles except the diaphragm - Do not cross the blood-brain barrier

answer

Do not cross the blood-brain barrier

question

Neuromuscular blocking agents - Paralyze skeletal muscles, but all reflexes are maintained - Are also known as - Slow gut motility and predispose the patient to bloat - First paralyze the diaphragm

answer

Are also known as

question

Neuromuscular blocking agents are used for all of the following except - Analgesia - Facilitation of fracture reduction - Facilitation of ocular surgery to immobilize the eye - Prevention of spontaneous inspiratory efforts by the patient

answer

Analgesia

question

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors - Are reversal agents for depolarizing neuromuscular blockers - Are reversal agents for nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers - Decrease the concentration of acetylcholine in the NMJ - Increase the breakdown of acetylcholine in the NMJ

answer

Are reversal agents for nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers

question

Local anesthetics - Are readily absorbed through intact skin - Prevent nerve cell depolarization - Are combined with vasodilators to prolong their activity - Are injected directly into the nerve

answer

Prevent nerve cell depolarization

question

______ pain originates from internal organs. - Somatic - Preemptive - Visceral - Referred

answer

Visceral

question

______ analgesia is the administration of an analgesic before the pain develops. - Somatic - Preemptive - Visceral - Referred

answer

Preemptive

question

To quickly lighten the depth of anesthesia in a patient under inhalant anesthesia, the anesthetist should - Suck all of the anesthetic gas from the lungs - Increase the flow of oxygen - Turn the vaporizer setting off or down - Prevent the patient from taking a breath

answer

Turn the vaporizer setting off or down

question

The patient is in an excessively deep plane of anesthesia. Which answer would not be an explanation? - The vaporizer is set at a high concentration. - The IV induction agent was given too quickly. - The pet has a low body temperature. - The endotracheal tube is kinked.

answer

The endotracheal tube is kinked.

question

The patient is under anesthesia and in shock. Which of the following symptoms would you observe? - Bradycardia - Hypertension - Cyanotic mucous membranes - Excessively long capillary refill time

answer

Excessively long capillary refill time

question

If the soda lime canister is exhausted, the patient may become - Cyanotic - Too light under anesthesia - Hypercapnic - Hyperthermic

answer

Hypercapnic

question

You have just completed filling the cuff on the endotracheal tube. The pressure relief valve is stuck in the closed position. Your best option is to - Turn up the oxygen flow rate - Start bagging the pet - Disconnect the patient from the anesthesia machine - Continue prepping the pet for surgery, and fix the valve release knob after the surgery is finished

answer

Disconnect the patient from the anesthesia machine

question

A small animal patient's systolic blood pressure was measured at 50 mm Hg. What is your best course of action? - Turn up the oxygen flow rate. - Turn up the concentration of gas anesthetic. - Close the pop-off valve. - Increase the drip rate of the IV fluids.

answer

Increase the drip rate of the IV fluids.

question

The patient is dyspneic. You should do all of the following except - Turn down the vaporizer - Check the oxygen flow - Check the endotracheal tube - Disconnect the pet from the anesthesia machine

answer

Disconnect the pet from the anesthesia machine

question

A dog under anesthesia has a heart rate of 230 beats/min. Which of the following is the best explanation? - This is normal. - The patient is in too deep a plane of anesthesia. - The patient is in too light a plane of anesthesia. - The patient is hypothermic.

answer

The patient is in too light a plane of anesthesia.

question

The patient is in shock. Which of these symptoms would not be expected? - Tachycardia - Hypertension - Prolonged capillary refill time - Pale mucous membranes

answer

Hypertension

question

The patient is in respiratory arrest. Which of the following is the correct action and reason? - Check the heart, because if the pet is not breathing, then the heart is not beating. - Start ventilating breaths, because arrest is obviously due to an obstructed endotracheal tube. - Tell the surgeon because he or she will be angry. - Turn off the vaporizer, because chances are the pet is too deep, and you need to begin ventilating breaths with oxygen alone.

answer

Turn off the vaporizer, because chances are the pet is too deep, and you need to begin ventilating breaths with oxygen alone.

question

A patient in ASA class I physical status is - A normal patient with no organic disease - A moribund patient - An adult animal with no signs of evident disease on physical examination - In absolutely no danger while under anesthesia

answer

A normal patient with no organic disease

question

Ways to minimize exposure to waste anesthetic gas include - Use of loose-fitting masks - Properly inflate the endotracheal tube cuff - Immediately disconnect of the patient from the anesthesia machine once the procedure is completed - Connect the patient to the breathing circuit after both the oxygen and isoflurane are turned on

answer

Properly inflate the endotracheal tube cuff

question

Treatment for hypotension during anesthesia includes - Turning up the anesthetic gas - Increasing the drip rate of the IV fluids - Increasing the flow of oxygen - Giving ventilating breaths

answer

Increasing the drip rate of the IV fluids

question

Hypothermia - Prolongs anesthetic induction - Prolongs anesthetic recovery - Is common in obese patients - Is of no concern in neonatal patients

answer

Prolongs anesthetic recovery

question

Isoflurane is mainly eliminated from the body by the - Renal system - GI system - Respiratory system - Hepatic system

answer

Respiratory system

question

It is generally safe to extubate the patient when the patient - Vocalizes - Swallows - Stands - Can rest in a sternal position

answer

Swallows

question

Which of the following is not a valid reason for administering a preanesthetic medication? - It reduces the amount of general anesthetic for induction. - It may calm an excited animal. - It may reduce possible noxious side effects from the general anesthesia. - It increases patient safety by allowing the animal to stay under the general anesthetic for a longer time.

answer

It increases patient safety by allowing the animal to stay under the general anesthetic for a longer time.

question

An epidural agent would be administered where in a dog? - Between L7 and the sacrum - Just cranial to C1 - Immediately caudal to T13 - Directly into the spinal cord at T1

answer

Between L7 and the sacrum

question

The epidural space is located - Just below the supraspinous ligament - In the subarachnoid area - Between the dura mater and the vertebrae - Immediately above the spinal cord

answer

Between the dura mater and the vertebrae

question

Epidural anesthesia could be appropriately used for all procedures except - Tail amputation - Cesarean section - Eye enucleation - Perianal surgery

answer

Eye enucleation

question

The drug used for epidural anesthesia is - Thiopental - Ketamine - Propofol - Lidocaine

answer

Lidocaine

question

Perivascular injection of a barbiturate solution, such as thiopental, can cause - Local anesthesia - Tissue slough - Increased blood pressure - Respiratory acidosis

answer

Tissue slough

question

The barbiturate anesthetic drug that can be used in sight hounds for its ability to produce faster anesthetic recovery is - Ketamine - Thiopental - Pentobarbital - Methohexital

answer

Methohexital

question

Sevoflurane is primarily eliminated from the body by - Respiration - Liver metabolism - Feces - Kidney excretion

answer

Respiration

question

The usual induction vaporizer setting for sevoflurane is - 2% to 6% - 1% to 4% - 5% to 7% - Up to 3%

answer

5% to 7%

question

The usual vaporizer maintenance setting for sevoflurane is - 0.25% to 1% - 3.3% to 4% - 0.5% to 2% - 1% to 3%

answer

3.3% to 4%

question

Which of these is a cyclohexamine agent? - Ketamine - Acetylpromazine - Xylazine - Propofol

answer

Ketamine

question

Acepromazine is classified as a(an) - Anticholinergic - Phenothiazine - Benzodiazepine - Thiazine derivative

answer

Phenothiazine

question

The preanesthetic mix abbreviated contains - Buprenorphine, atropine, acepromazine - Butorphanol, atipamezole, atropine - Buprenorphine, atropine, atipamezole - Butorphanol, acepromazine, atropine

answer

Butorphanol, acepromazine, atropine

question

What drug is an antagonist of medetomidine (Domitor)? - Yohimbine - Dopram - Atipamezole - Naloxone

answer

Atipamezole

question

Naloxone is classified as a(an) opioid - Agonist - Mixed agonist/antagonist - Mu and kappa blocker - Antagonist

answer

Antagonist

question

Which of the following is a neuromuscular blocking agent? - Succinylcholine - Lidocaine - Morphine - Yohimbine

answer

Succinylcholine

question

Which of the following is the anesthetic with the lowest blood/gas coefficient? - Halothane - Isoflurane - Nitrous oxide - Sevoflurane

answer

Sevoflurane

question

All are traits of sevoflurane except - Low lipid solubility - Smooth recovery - Nonpungent odor - Severe heart depression

answer

Severe heart depression

question

All are controlled substances except - Acepromazine - Ketamine - Fentanyl - Diazepam

answer

Acepromazine

question

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs used to control mild postoperative pain include - Aspirin and xylazine - Diazepam and acetaminophen - Carprofen and ketoprofen - Acetylpromazine and ibuprofen

answer

Carprofen and ketoprofen

question

All are true statements regarding transdermal use of fentanyl except - Analgesic effect is immediate on placement of the patch. - Patch should be applied to clipped skin. - Patch is normally left in place for 3 to 5 days. - Excessive amounts of drug can be released if the patch is heated.

answer

Analgesic effect is immediate on placement of the patch.

question

The false statement regarding postsurgical pain is - The pain serves a useful purpose by preventing activity that could cause further tissue injury. - An animal that experiences postoperative pain is more likely to have a poor anesthetic recovery. - Inhalation anesthetics currently used in small-animal practice do not provide significant, postoperative pain control. - If a procedure is known to be painful in humans, it should be regarded as such in animal patients.

answer

The pain serves a useful purpose by preventing activity that could cause further tissue injury.

question

The fundamental principle of administering analgesics before the animal has an awareness of pain is - Windup - Preemptive analgesia - Referred pain - Balanced analgesia

answer

Preemptive analgesia

question

The drug that has the longest duration of effect after one injection is - Butorphanol - Morphine - Buprenorphine - Oxymorphone

answer

Buprenorphine

question

Which of the following anesthetic agents may provide some analgesia in the postoperative period? - Propofol - Sevoflurane - Ketamine - Isoflurane

answer

Ketamine

question

The local anesthetic agent that has the longest duration of action is - Lidocaine - Mepivacaine - Tetracaine - Bupivacaine

answer

Bupivacaine

question

An alpha-2 agonist that provides sedation, muscle relaxation, and analgesia is - Acepromazine - Xylazine - Diazepam - Ketamine

answer

Xylazine

question

A capnograph measures - Central venous pressure - Expired CO - Arterial oxygen - Blood pressure

answer

Expired CO

question

Gas cylinders that are a part of the anesthetic machine are attached to it by a - Y piece - Vaporizer - Yoke - Reducing valve

answer

Yoke

question

The type of nonrebreathing system that consists of inner tubing surrounded by larger corrugated tubing is - Mapleson A - Ayres T - Norman mask elbow - Baines

answer

Baines

question

Nonrebreathing systems are generally recommended for patients that weigh - More than 15 lb - Less than 7 kg - Greater than 7 kg - Less than 25 lb

answer

Less than 7 kg

question

The false statement regarding nonrebreathing systems is - They must have a CO absorber. - They allow quick changes of depth of anesthesia. - High amounts of waste gas are produced. - They use high oxygen flow rates.

answer

They must have a CO absorber.

question

Medical oxygen cylinders are colored - Blue - Gray - Green - Orange

answer

Green

question

The pressure in a full cylinder of compressed oxygen is ______ psi. - 1000 - 750 - 500 - 2000

answer

2000

question

The recommended carrier gas flow rate for chamber induction of a small animal is ______ L/min. - 2 - 5 - 1 - 3

answer

5

question

The false statement regarding scavenging systems is - Waste gases can be safely vented to the floor. - Active systems use a vacuum pump to draw gas into the scavenger. - Passive systems use positive pressure of the gas to push gas into the system. - Waste gas should be collected from the anesthetic machine and conducted to a disposal point.

answer

Waste gases can be safely vented to the floor.

question

High-pressure system tests of the anesthetic machine check for - Escape of anesthetic gas from the machine - Leaks between flowmeter and patient - Oxygen or nitrous oxide leakage - Leaks within the anesthetic circuit and attachments

answer

Oxygen or nitrous oxide leakage

question

Soda lime granules in the CO absorber canister should be checked for color change - Immediately before a starting a procedure - Three to 6 hours after the procedure - One hour before starting the procedure - During and up on completing the procedure

answer

During and up on completing the procedure

question

For a given inhalation anesthetic agent, a vaporizer setting of ______ times MAC will produce a surgical depth of anesthesia. - 2 - 0.5 - 1 - 1.5

answer

1.5

question

When using a mechanical ventilator, the animal's chest is under - Continuous pressure - Negative pressure - Positive pressure - No pressure

answer

Positive pressure

question

To intubate a 45-lb dog, you should select an endotracheal tube with an internal diameter of ______ mm. - 5 - 8 - 11 - 15

answer

11

question

The piece of equipment that facilitates intubating a patient is the - Esophageal stethoscope - Laryngoscope - Ophthalmoscope - Otoscope

answer

Laryngoscope

question

A noncuffed endotracheal tube would most likely be used in a - Newborn kitten - Calf - Lamb - Newborn foal

answer

Newborn kitten

question

An anesthetized animal should receive sigh breaths every ______ minutes. - 15 to 20 - 3 to 5 - 10 to 15 - 5 to 10

answer

5 to 10

question

A dog in an appropriate plane of anesthesia under isoflurane would be expected to have a pulse oximeter reading of - 97 - 120 - 85 - 90

answer

97

question

The pulse oximeter probe is generally placed on the - Tongue - Chest - Tail - Nose

answer

Tongue

question

An esophageal stethoscope can be used to monitor - Direct blood pressure - Oxygen saturation - Heart and respiratory rates - Carbon dioxide levels

answer

Heart and respiratory rates

question

If IV access is difficult, emergency drugs can be administered safely and effectively by the ______ route. - Intracardiac - Intraperitoneal - Intratracheal - Intramuscular

answer

Intratracheal

question

Puppies or kittens delivered by cesarean section that have reduced respiratory function can be given this drug underneath their tongue to stimulate respiration. - Atropine - Doxapram - Epinephrine - Lidocaine

answer

Doxapram

question

Which of the following is least commonly used in cattle to perform procedures? - Sedation - Restraint - General anesthesia - Local analgesics

answer

General anesthesia

question

Before administering a general anesthetic, which of the following is the least important part of an animal's history? - When the animal last ate - When the animal was last vaccinated - Whether the animal has a concurrent disease - Prior anesthetic history

answer

When the animal was last vaccinated

question

With dogs and cats, food is most commonly withheld before anesthesia for - 1 to 2 hours - 3 to 5 hours - 6 to 8 hours - 10 to 12 hours

answer

10 to 12 hours

question

Which of the following can activate the sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system? - Intubation - Handling viscera - Administration of opioids - Painful stimuli

answer

Painful stimuli

question

All of the following are appropriate uses of anticholinergic drugs except - As an antidote for organophosphate poisoning - As an agent to increase intestinal peristalsis - As an aid in the treatment of corneal ulcers - As treatment for bradycardia

answer

As an agent to increase intestinal peristalsis

question

The values of the PCV/TP may indicate that all of the following are present except - Anemia - Hypoproteinemia - Dehydration - Infection

answer

Infection

question

Which of the following is not an opioid drug? - Diazepam - Fentanyl - Meperidine - Butorphanol

answer

Diazepam

question

Which of the following statements is incorrect? - Phenothiazine tranquilizers may make an animal more aggressive. - Obese animals are often underdosed. - Brachycephalic animals are prone to respiratory complications. - Isoflurane is more respiratory depressive than halothane.

answer

Obese animals are often underdosed.

question

Which of the following statements is incorrect? - Diazepam is a potent sedative. - Xylazine can cause bloat in deep-chested dogs. - Atropine does not have to be administered with butorphanol. - Opioids can be given by the epidural route.

answer

Diazepam is a potent sedative.

question

Which of the following is least likely to cause hypotension after administration? - Propofol - Thiopental - Acepromazine - Ketamine

answer

Ketamine

question

Which of the following is not seen when ketamine is administered IV rather than IM? - Lower dose rate used - Quicker onset of effects - Longer duration of effects - Less pain on injection

answer

Longer duration of effects

question

Why is apnea sometimes prolonged after barbiturates are administered too rapidly? - Apnea is part of the excitement phase. - Apnea is part of the parasympathetic nervous system stimulation. - Barbiturates cause hypotension. - Barbiturates suppress the respiratory center, making it less sensitive to carbon dioxide.

answer

Barbiturates suppress the respiratory center, making it less sensitive to carbon dioxide.

question

For which of the following species is ketamine use approved? - Cats - Birds - Horses - Dogs

answer

Cats

question

Which of the following is (are) not characteristic(s) of propofol? - Rapid induction and recovery - Absence of "hangover effect" with repeated injections - Good postanesthesia analgesia - Smooth recoveries

answer

Good postanesthesia analgesia

question

Which of the following is not characteristic of ketamine anesthesia? - Increased muscle tone - Tachycardia - Tachypnea - Central pupils

answer

Tachypnea

question

Which of the following is least likely to be a result of administering barbiturates perivascularly? - An excitement phase - Pain - Tissue sloughing - Transient apnea

answer

Transient apnea

question

Which of the following statements is incorrect? - Barbiturates are not active when protein-bound. - Barbiturates are less potent in their unbound (free) form. - Methohexital can be safely used in sight hounds. - Barbiturates may cause hypotension when administered too quickly.

answer

Barbiturates are less potent in their unbound (free) form.

question

By which route can short-acting barbiturate drugs be safely administered to induce general anesthesia? - IV - IM - Oral - SQ

answer

IV

question

Advantages of inhalant anesthetics over injectable anesthetics include all of the following except - The ability to quickly change the anesthetic concentration - Less toxic effects on various body systems - Less expensive - Relatively rapid anesthetic induction and recovery

answer

Less expensive

question

When inducing anesthesia with intravenous barbiturates, - Give the full dose over 10 seconds. - Give slowly to effect. - Give the full dose over 5 seconds. - Give 1/2 of the dose quickly, the rest to effect.

answer

Give 1/2 of the dose quickly, the rest to effect.

question

What is the maximum effective length for a scavenger hose used with a passive system? - 5 feet - 10 feet - 15 feet - 20 feet

answer

20 feet

question

Which of the following is least useful for detecting the proper placement of an endotracheal tube? - Observing condensation in the tube with each breath - Detecting one rigid tube, rather than two, in the neck area - Feeling air come out of the tube when pressing on the chest - Seeing the rebreathing bag move with respirations

answer

Feeling air come out of the tube when pressing on the chest

question

What is the standard color of medical nitrous oxide cylinders, and what is the pressure in a full cylinder? - Green; 750 psi - Blue; 750 psi - Green; 2000 psi - Blue; 2000 psi

answer

Blue; 750 psi

question

Mask induction of anesthesia using inhalation agents is - The best way to induce anesthesia in a patient with upper airway obstruction - Best accomplished using a volatile anesthetic that is more soluble in body fluids, such as halothane - Less expensive than routine parenteral induction - Best accomplished using a volatile anesthetic that is relatively insoluble in body fluids, such as isoflurane

answer

Best accomplished using a volatile anesthetic that is relatively insoluble in body fluids, such as isoflurane

question

Postanesthetic myositis is most likely to occur in - Pigs - Horses - Ruminants - Rabbits

answer

Horses

question

Malignant hyperthermia associated with inhalant anesthesia is most likely to be encountered in - Dogs - Rabbits - Pigs - Sheep

answer

Pigs

question

What agent is usually avoided when anesthetizing horses? - Xylazine - Atropine - Guaifenesin - Thiopental

answer

Atropine

question

When using a gas flowmeter with a spherical (floating ball) indicator, the flow should be read - At the top of the indicator - At the bottom of the indicator - At the center of the indicator - Spherical indicators are not in common use.

answer

At the center of the indicator

question

A 10% solution of thiopental contains the drug at a concentration of - 0.1 mg/ml - 1 mg/ml - 10 mg/ml - 100 mg/ml

answer

100 mg/ml

question

Which of the following is not a potential toxic effect of commonly used local anesthetics? - Arrhythmias - Neurologic damage if injected into a nerve - Seizures - Acidosis

answer

Acidosis

question

An animal that was hit by a car yesterday is having its diaphragmatic hernia repaired. Which of the following anesthetics would be the least desirable? - Isoflurane - Sevoflurane - Nitrous oxide and halothane - Continuous infusion of propofol

answer

Nitrous oxide and halothane

question

Balanced anesthesia commonly includes all of the following agents except - Nitrous oxide and an inhalant anesthetic - Muscle-paralyzing agents - Thiobarbiturates - Dissociative agents

answer

Dissociative agents

question

The ideal inhalant anesthetic should have all of the following characteristics except - Low vapor pressure - High solubility coefficient - Low MAC - Provide good muscle relaxation

answer

High solubility coefficient

question

Which of the following is associated with diffusion hypoxia? - Isoflurane - Halothane - Sevoflurane - Nitrous oxide

answer

Nitrous oxide

question

Which of the following statements regarding MAC is incorrect? - The MAC expresses the potency of an anesthetic. - A patient at the MAC value is at a surgical plane of anesthesia. - Patient factors such as pregnancy and disease may influence the MAC. - Isoflurane has a lower MAC than sevoflurane.

answer

A patient at the MAC value is at a surgical plane of anesthesia.

question

How much halothane is biotransformed in the body? - About 1% - About 12% - About 20% - About 50%

answer

About 20%

question

The ideal inhalant anesthetic would have - Low vapor pressure, low MAC, high solubility coefficient - Low vapor pressure, high MAC, low solubility coefficient - High vapor pressure, low MAC, high solubility coefficient - Low vapor pressure, low MAC, low solubility coefficient

answer

Low vapor pressure, low MAC, low solubility coefficient

question

What is included as a preservative in halothane? - Thiamylal - Thiopental - Thymol - Theophylline

answer

Thymol

question

Which of the following is not normally present in stage IV of general anesthesia? - Cool extremities - Weak pulse - Constricted pupils - Bradycardia

answer

Constricted pupils

question

Which of the following cannot be used to detect blood pressure? - Oscillometer - Doppler - Sphygmomanometer - Pulse oximeter

answer

Pulse oximeter

question

What reflex may still be present under a light surgical plane of anesthesia? - Patellar - Palpebral - Pinnal - Pharyngeal

answer

Palpebral

question

The optimal plane of anesthesia for most surgery is - Stage 3, plane 1 - Stage 3, plane 2 - Stage 2, plane 2 - Stage 2, plane 3

answer

Stage 3, plane 2

question

Which of the following does not describe a true reflex response? - Blink - Toe pinch - Jaw tone - Ear flick

answer

Jaw tone

question

Which of the following is not likely to result in a patient demonstrating stage II of anesthesia? - Masking an animal with an inhalant anesthetic - Injecting an anesthetic agent IV too rapidly - During recovery, when a premed has not been given - Partial perivascular injection of a barbiturate while inducing anesthesia

answer

Injecting an anesthetic agent IV too rapidly

question

Ideally, in a patient under anesthesia, - The PaO should be high, and the PaCO should be low. - The PaO should be high, and the PaCO should be high. - The PaO should be low, and the PaCO should be low. - The PaO should be low, and the PaCO should be high.

answer

The PaO should be high, and the PaCO should be low.

question

Which of the following monitoring devices is invasive? - Pulse oximeter - Central venous pressure manometer - Doppler blood pressure monitor - Oscillometric blood pressure monitor

answer

Central venous pressure manometer

question

Which of the following drugs is useful in the treatment of prolonged anesthetic recoveries? - Diazepam - Doxapram - Dopamine - Digoxin

answer

Doxapram

question

Which of the following statements regarding brachycephalic breeds is incorrect? - They may have stenotic nares. - Brachycephalics have a hypoplastic trachea. - A long, floppy soft palate may occlude the trachea. - Brachycephalics often suffer from laryngospasm.

answer

Brachycephalics often suffer from laryngospasm.

question

The pressure in a full medical O tank is - 500 psi - 1000 psi - 1500 psi - 2000 psi

answer

2000 psi

question

For which of the following agents can a nonprecision vaporizer be safely used? - Halothane - Isoflurane - Sevoflurane - None of the above

answer

None of the above

question

For which of the following can a vaporizer not be compensated? - Back pressure - Temperature - Solubility coefficient - Flow rate

answer

Solubility coefficient

question

Which of the following is a component of a Bain anesthetic circuit? - Reservoir bag - Unidirectional valves - Oxygen flush valve - Carbon dioxide absorber

answer

Reservoir bag

question

A half-full nitrous oxide cylinder should be - Green, with a pressure of 2000 psi - Blue, with a pressure of 750 psi - Green, with a pressure of 1000 psi - Blue, with a pressure of 375 psi

answer

Blue, with a pressure of 750 psi

question

Pin indexing on inhalant anesthetic machines is used to - Blow air out of connections - Check for leaks - Prevent oxygen and nitrous oxide cylinders from being exchanged - Ensure that the oldest tanks are used first

answer

Prevent oxygen and nitrous oxide cylinders from being exchanged

question

Which of these species is most prone to developing malignant hyperthermia? - Equine - Porcine - Ovine - Feline

answer

Porcine

question

To minimize waste anesthetic exposure in the surgical suite, a realistic goal is to have the level of halothane no higher than - 2 ppm - 50 ppm - 100 ppm - 1000 ppm

answer

2 ppm

question

Which is the incorrect statement regarding bovine anesthesia? - Nitrous oxide is not suitable for bovine anesthesia. - Cattle should be placed in lateral recumbency during recovery. - The palpebral reflex is still present in cattle at a surgical plane of anesthesia. - Atropine may cause bloat and thus should be avoided in cattle.

answer

Cattle should be placed in lateral recumbency during recovery.

question

Which is the preferred order of administering emergency drugs? - IC, IT, IV - IV, IC, IT - IT, IV, IC - IV, IT, IC

answer

IV, IT, IC

question

Which of the following has not been associated with long-term exposure to waste anesthetic gases? - Carcinogenic effects - Hepatotoxicity - Decline in short-term memory - Increased incidence of miscarriages

answer

Carcinogenic effects

question

Which of the following statements regarding avian anesthesia is incorrect? - IM injections should be given in the pectoral muscle only. - A cuffed tube should be used to maintain inhalant anesthesia. - A nonrebreathing circuit should be used in birds. - Ketamine is not effective in birds.

answer

A cuffed tube should be used to maintain inhalant anesthesia.

question

For a large dog receiving CPR, compressions and respirations should be administered at - 60 compressions/minute; respirations every 1 to 3 seconds - 60 compressions/minute; respirations every 3 to 5 seconds - 120 compressions/minute; respirations every 15 seconds - 120 compressions/minute; respirations every 3 to 5 seconds

answer

60 compressions/minute; respirations every 3 to 5 seconds

question

Which of the following statements is incorrect? - Furosemide may be used to treat pulmonary edema. - Dopamine is an analeptic stimulant. - When giving medications by the IT route, the dosage rate should be doubled from the IV dose. - Doxapram is a respiratory stimulant.

answer

Dopamine is an analeptic stimulant.

question

Which of the following statements is incorrect? - Neostigmine reverses the effects of succinylcholine. - Succinylcholine is an example of a depolarizing type of muscle-paralyzing agent. - Muscle cells are polarized at rest. - Muscle-paralyzing agents should not be used if an animal has been given an aminoglycoside antibiotic.

answer

Neostigmine reverses the effects of succinylcholine.

question

What agent should be avoided in geriatric patients? - Atropine - Xylazine - Ketamine - Diazepam

answer

Xylazine

question

What agent is excreted largely intact by the cat kidney? - Atropine - Ketamine - Halothane - Acetylpromazine

answer

Ketamine

question

In cattle, an epidural block is performed by inserting the needle between - T13 and L1 - L7 and the sacrum - The sacrum and C1 - Cy1 and Cy2

answer

Cy1 and Cy2

question

For which patients should mask induction with isoflurane be avoided? - Patients undergoing cesarean sections - Patients with impaired cardiac function - Patients with impaired respiratory function - Patients with impaired gastrointestinal function

answer

Patients with impaired respiratory function

Section 11: Anesthesiology – Flashcards

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