ATI Review: Medical Surgical Cardiovascular & Hematology – Flashcards

Body unable to absorb Vitamin B12 from the digestive tract. Monthly injections are needed.

Pancytopenia, fatigue, pale mucus membranes, dyspnea on exertion. All three major blood components (WBC, RBC, and Platelets) are either diminished or absent. Blood transfusions are needed.

Decrease in red blood cells due to low folate (folic acid).

Decrease in red blood cells due to low iron in the blood. Ferrous sulfate supplements needed.

When the pacemaker fires at the set rate but fails to increase the heart rate. This may be caused by poor positioning of the pacer electrodes. This can be determined by assessing an EKG. i.e. Sharp spikes at 72/min; QRS complexes 50bpm

Postop: Position client supine with legs elevated to 15 degree angle. Clients legs should be elevated to promote venous return by gravity.

ECG widespread ST-segment elevations. The elevations represent ischemia changes caused by inflammation around the heart. Chest pain increases during inspiration due to increased pressure on the pericardial sac. Chest pain decreases when sitting up or leaning forward as this decreases the pressure on the pericardial sac. Dyspnea with rapid respiratory rate due to the pain of taking deep inspirations (the client will breath shallower and more quickly)

Back pain is cardinal sign. Other signs include hypotension, tachycardia, decreased perfusion

0.9% sodium chloride and/or lactated ringer

Fluid around the cells has more solutes than the cells causing the osmotic pressure to pull more fluid from within the cells. This dehydrates the cells and causes the cells to shrink and become smaller in size.

Pitting edema of 3+ shows that fluid overload is now in the tissues.

Decreased urine output (client retaining fluid) Weight gain of 1kg in 1 day Elevated blood pressure

Breath sounds caused by the movement of air through airways that are partially or intermittently occluded with fluid.

Peripheral edema: Blood flow to the right atrium through the venous system is weakened causing blood to backup in the venous system resulting in edema.

Dyspnea, Orthopnea: slow blood return from the lungs through the pulmonary vein causing fluid buildup into the lungs.

Transient abnormal PMI - there is a change in the compliance of the left ventricle and the PMI may be abnormal during an acute angina attack. Tachycardia is another symptom.

Rich in clotting factors. Given to treat clotting disorders. Desired outcome is a decrease in Prothrombin time.

Intermittent claudication (leg pain with exercise), cold and/or numb feet at rest, loss of hair on lower legs, and weakened pulse.

Low potassium will show a flattened T-wave or the development of U waves

2-4 weeks for therapeutic effect to take place

O negative

Right Ventricle lays directly behind the sternum and has the greatest amount of area exposed to the trauma

Dilates an obstructed coronary artery. A catheter with an inflatable balloon on the tip is inserted into the blocked coronary artery, then inflated to push the atherosclerotic plaque against the coronary artery wall resulting in dilation of the artery.