question

As a cause of death in the United States, cancer ranks:

answer

second

question

Cancer mortality in the United States is highest among:

answer

African Americans

question

The etiology of cancer can be associated with specific agents or factors such as:

answer

-dietary and genetic factors -hormonal and chemical agents -viruses

question

David, age 67 years, is admitted for diagnostic studies to rule out cancer. He is white, has been employed as a landscaper for 40 years, and has a 36-year history of smoking one pack of cigarettes a day. David has three risk factors associated with the development of cancer. Choose the least significant risk factor among the following:

answer

race Other SIGNIFICANT FACTORS are: age, sex, occupation

question

Cancer cells can affect the immune system by:

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-stimulating the release of T lymphocytes into the circulation -suppressing the patient's natural defenses -mobilizing macrophages

question

To reduce nitrate intake because of possible carcinogenic action, the nurse suggests that a patient decrease his or her intake of :

answer

ham and bacon

question

An endoscopic procedure can be used to remove an entire piece of suspicious tissue growth. The diagnostic biopsy method used for this procedure is known as:

answer

excisional biopsy

question

A patient is admitted for an excisional biopsy of a breast lesion. The nurse should do all of the following:

answer

-clarify information provided by the physician -provide aseptic care to the incision postoperatively -provide time fro the patient to discuss her concerns SHOULD NOT councel the patient about the possiblilty of losing her breast

question

A patient is scheduled for an outpatient procedure whereby liquid nitrogen is used to freeze a cervical cancer. The procedure is known as:

answer

cryosurgery

question

Surgery done to remove lesions that are likely to develop into cancer is known as:

answer

prophylactic

question

An example of palliative surgery is a:

answer

cordotomy

question

The incorrect rationale for the effectiveness of radiation therapy is its ability to:

answer

disrupt mitosis by slowing dividing cells

question

Radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer is administered over several weeks to:

answer

allow time for the repair of health tissue

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A patient with uterine cancer is being treated with internal radiation therapy. A primary nursing responsibility is to:

answer

explain to the patient that she will continue to emit radiation for approximately 1 week after the implant is removed.

question

A major disadvantage of chemotherapy is that it:

answer

targets normal body cells as well as cancer cells

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When a patient takes vincristine, a plant alkaloid, the nurse should assess for symptoms of toxicity affecting the:

answer

nervous system

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Initial nursing action for extravasation of a chemotherapeutic agent includes all of the following exept:

answer

applying warm compresses to the phlebitic area

question

Realizing that chemotherapy can result in renal damages, the nurse should:

answer

encourage fluid intake to dilute the urine

question

Allopurinol may be prescribed for a patient who is receiving chemotherapy to:

answer

lower serum and urine uric acid levels

question

The use of hyperthermia as a treatment modality for cancer may cause:

answer

-fatigue, nausea, and vomiting -hypotension, skin burn, and tissue damage -thrombophlebitis, diarrhea, and peripheral neuropathies

question

Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is a nonspecific biologic response modifier that is a standard form of treatment for cancer of the:

answer

bladder

question

The nurse shoud assess a cancer patient's nutritional status by:

answer

weighing the patient daily

question

The most frequently occurring gram-positive cause of infection in cancer patients is:

answer

Staphylococcus

question

The most common cause of bleeding in cancer patients is:

answer

thrombocyotpenia

question

List, in order of frequency, the three leading causes of cancer deaths in the U.S.:

answer

men- lung, prostate, colorectal area women-breast, lung, colorectal area

question

Define, in very simple language, the cause of cancer

answer

cancer begins when an abnormal cell, after being transformed by the genetic mutation of DNA, forms a clone and begins to proliferate abnormally ignoring growth-regulating signals

question

The two key ways by which cancer is spread are:

answer

lymph and blood

question

About ___% of all cancers are thought to be related to the environment

answer

75%

question

The single most lethal chemical carcinogen that accounts for 30% of all cancer deaths is:

answer

tabacco smoke

question

Two examples of an inherited cancer susceptibility syndrome are:

answer

breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (BRCA 1 and BRCA2), and multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome (MEN1 and MEN2)

question

List 4 of 7 cancers that are associated with an increased intake of alcohol:

answer

mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, liver, colorectum, and breast

question

Three dietary substances (cruciferous vegetables) appear to reduce cancer risk:

answer

cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower; fats, alcohol, salt-cured and smoked meats (ham), and nitrite/nitrate-containing foods (bacon and red and processed meats) tend to increase the risk of cancer

question

Identify 5 substances produced by the immune system in response to cancer cells:

answer

antibodies produced by B-lymphocytes, lymphokines, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and T-lymphocytes

question

List 5 of 9 signs that indicate that an extravasation of an infusion of a cancer chemotherapeutic agent has occurred:

answer

redness, pain, swelling, a mottled appearance, phlebitis, loss of blood return, resistance to flow, tissue necrosis, or damage to underlying tendons, nerves, and blood vessels

question

The two most common side effects of chemotherapy are:

answer

nausea and vomiting

question

Myelosuppression, caused by chemotherapeutic agents, results in:

answer

leucopenia, neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia.; and an icreased risk of infection and bleeding

question

Three chemotherapeutic agents that are particularly toxic to the renal system are:

answer

cisplatin, methotrexate, and mitramycin

question

Angiogenesis

answer

growth of new capillaries from the host tissue

question

Apoptosis

answer

Innate process of programmed cell death

question

Cytokines

answer

Substances produced by the immune system cells to enhance the function of the immune system

question

Monoclonal antibodies

answer

Target antibodies to destroy specific malignant cells

question

Nadir

answer

Point at which blood counts are their lowest

question

Radiofrequency ablation

answer

The use of thermal energy to destroy cancer cells

question

Vesicant

answer

A substance that can cause tissue necrosis

question

Xerostomia

answer

A dry oral cavity caused by salivary gland dysfunction

Ch. 16: Oncology: Nursing Management in Cancer Care – Flashcards

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