question

Epidemiology can help solve a variety of today's health related problems, ranging from smoking to youth violence

answer

true

question

Primary prevention involves the prevention of disease after it occurs

answer

false

question

A population is defined as all of the inhabitants of a given country or area considered together

answer

true

question

The history of epidemiology originated as early as 1900

answer

false

question

Tertiary prevention is directed toward the later stages of pathogenesis and involves programs for restoring the patients optimal functioning

answer

true

question

Specializations that contribute to epidemiology include

answer

All of the answers

question

Variation in the occurrence of diseases and other health outcomes in populations relates most closely to

answer

distribution

question

Any factor that brings about change in a health condition or other defined characteristic is known as

answer

determinant

question

A method for providing quantitative measurements of risks to health is known as

answer

risk assessment

question

The English anesthesiologist who linked cholera outbreaks to contaminated water and innovated serval of the key epidemiological methods that remain valid and in use today was

answer

John Snow

question

Operations research illustrates which of the following uses of epidemiology

answer

health services use

question

A stage that takes place during the early phases of pathogenesis and includes activities that limit the progression of disease

answer

secondary prevention

question

the individual whose name is associated with a natural experiment during an outbreak of cholera in London was

answer

john snow

question

Epidemiology searches for associations between exposures and

answer

pg 6

question

Illness due to a specific disease or health condition is known as

answer

Morbidity

question

Which of the following is considered a key characteristic of epidemiology

answer

all of the answers

question

The probability that an event will occur an individual will become ill or die within a stated period of time or by a certain age is known as

answer

risk

question

Which of the following is not considered a use of epidemiology

answer

to provide healthcare services to specific individuals

question

Whether a contaminated food such as tomatoes caused an outbreak of gastrointestinal disease is a simple example of

answer

a causal association

question

Epidemiological methods can be applied to which of the following public health related fields

answer

all of the answers

question

Incidence and prevalence are interrelated concepts

answer

true

question

Lifetime prevalence refers to all cases of a disease diagnosed only at the end of a persons lifetime

answer

false

question

Rates can be expressed in terms of any unit size of population that is convenient

answer

true

question

Adjusted rates pertain only to morality rates

answer

false

question

In a ratio the numerator always have a specific relationship

answer

false

question

Prevalence measures do not aid in

answer

pg 35

question

Which factors can decrease an observed prevalence

answer

pg 36

question

Those members of the population who are capable of developing a disease or condition are known as

answer

the population at risk

question

If A equals the number of deaths in 2009 and B equals the population at the midpoint of 2009 and C equals the number of persons aged 15-24, then the crude death rate per 100000 population would be

answer

(A/B) x 100,000

question

All of the following are considered ratios except

answer

time

question

Use the following example to answer the question according to a national survey of asthma. on may 1 2010, the number of residents of Oklahoma who had been diagnosed with asthma at any time during their life was A, the population on June 30, 2010, was B during the same year the number of new cases of asthma was Cthe incidence rate of asthma )per 100000) would expressed as

answer

(c/b) x 100,000

question

What is one the first steps in presenting data after they have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness

answer

count and tabulate cases

question

When the incidence rate of a disease increases, the prevalence will

answer

increase

question

Epidemiologists can plot data and present it graphically through

answer

all of the answers

question

Epidemiological measures provide the following types of information

answer

all of the answers

question

the general fortuity rate refers to the number of live births reported in an area during a given time interval divided by the number of women aged 15 to 44 years in the area

answer

true

question

Representativeness, or external validity, refers to the generalizability of the findings to the population from which the data have been taken

answer

true

question

Life expectancy refers to the number of years that a person is expected to live at any particular year

answer

true

question

Registries cannot be used to select patients for case control studies

answer

false

question

In the US mortality data do not have a high degree of completeness

answer

false

question

The medical examiner or coroner completes and signs the death certificate only if the cause of death was a homicide

answer

false

question

The maternal mortality rate encompasses maternal deaths that result from causes associated with pregnancy

answer

true

question

The major deficiency of reportable and notifiable data for epidemiological research purposes is the possible incompleteness of population coverage

answer

true

question

Epidemiology is a quantitative discipline that requires data for descriptive and analytical studies

answer

true

question

Three factors that affect the quality of epidemiological data are availbity, completeness, and the haute of the data

answer

true

question

A centralized database for collection of information about diseases such as cancer is known as

answer

registry

question

The BRFSS

answer

all of the answers

question

Which of the following sources could be used for determining life expectancy

answer

pg 58 and 59

question

The number of late fetal deaths after 28 weeks or more gestation plus infant death within 7 days of birth divided by the number of live births plus late fetal deaths during a year is the

answer

perinatal mortality rate

question

Examples of reportable and notifiable diseases include

answer

all of the answers

question

Using health related data that precede diagnosis and signal a sufficient probability of a case or an outbreak to warrant further public health response is known as

answer

syndromic surveillance

question

the systematic and continuous gathering of information about the occurrence of diseases and other health phenomena is known as

answer

public health surveillance

question

At the top of the asthma surveillance pyramid is

answer

mortality

question

All of the following are considered vital events except

answer

graduation

question

Studies of the effects of exposure to teratogens have used data from

answer

pg 48

question

The number of live births during a specified period such as a year per the resident population during the midpoint of the year is the

answer

crude birth rate

question

Monitoring cancer trends in the US population over time is a major application of

answer

registries

question

The death of a fetus when it is the uterus and before it has been delivered is known as

answer

fetal mortality

question

The purpose of state cancer registries are

answer

all of the answers

question

Examples of information collected by fetal death certificates include

answer

all of the answers

question

Cross sectional studies measure relationships between diseases and other variables at a particular time

answer

true

question

One objective of descriptive epidemiology is to monitor known diseases as well as identify emerging problems

answer

true

question

Assignment of some individuals to a particular racial classification on the basis of observed characteristics is unproblematic

answer

false

question

The behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS) is not an ongoing cross sectional study

answer

false

question

The cause of morbidity and mortality do nit differ according to the stage of life a person is in

answer

false

question

Increases and decreases in the frequency of a disease within a year or over a period of serval years is known as

answer

pg 81

question

In epidemiology place variables include

answer

localized occurrence of disease

question

Health events that are related in time reflect

answer

temporal clustering

question

Urban diseases and causes of mortality are more likely to be those spread by

answer

1 &2

question

Differences in the occurrence of diseases and adverse health conditions in the population are known as

answer

health disparities

question

Gradual changes in the frequency of diseases over long periods refer to

answer

secular trends

question

For both males and females what type of cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality

answer

lung and bronchus cancer

question

The term that indicates cases of disease that occur in a specific geographic region is

answer

spatial clustering

question

Descriptive epidemiology provides information for

answer

all of the answers

question

in epidemiology person variables include

answer

1 &2

question

A variable is any quality that varies ,or any attribute, phenomenon, or event that can have different values

answer

true

question

A single value chosen to represent the population parameter is not called a point estimate

answer

false

question

The overriding question that epidemiologists ask is whether a particular exposure is causally associated with a given outcome

answer

true

question

One to one causation is not unusual because many diseases have only one causal factor

answer

false

question

A multimodal curve is one that has several peaks in the frequency of a condition

answer

true

question

The time period between initial exposure and a measurable response is known as

answer

latency

question

The web of causation model specifies a type of causal relationship that is

answer

multifactorial

question

The cycle of epidemiological research includes which of the following categories

answer

all of the answers

question

A graphic plotting of the distribution of cases by time of onset is an

answer

epidemic curve

question

A range of values that with a certain degree of probability contain the population parameter is known as

answer

confidence interval estimate

question

With respect to derivation of hypotheses a type of association in which the frequency of an outcome increases with the frequency of exposure to a factor is known as

answer

method of concomitant variation

question

A type of variable that can have an infinite number of values within a specified range is

answer

continuous

question

Hills criteria of causality include which of the following

answer

all of the answers

question

The category in a frequency distribution that has the highest frequency of cases is known as the

answer

mode

question

The lowest dose at which a particular response occurs is known as the

answer

threshold

question

A type of correlative association between an exposure and effect is a

answer

dose response relationship

question

The process of passing from observations and axioms to generalizations is known as

answer

inference

question

When the value of one variable increases and the value of a second variable increases the association is

answer

positive

question

The ability of a study to demonstrate an association if one exists is known as

answer

power

question

When the value of one variable increases and the value of another variable decreases the association is

answer

negative

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