Principles And Control Of Diseases And Health Conditions – Flashcards
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What are the two categories community health diseases can be classified as??
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1.) Acute or Chronic 2.) Communicable or Noncommunicable
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those diseases for which living agents or their products are the cause and that are TRANSMISSIBLE from one individual to another
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Communicable
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those illnesses that CAN NOT be transmitted from one person to another
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Noncommunicable
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diseases in which peak of severity occurs and subsides WITHIN three months, patients can have full recovery (can be communicable or non communicable)
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Acute
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diseases or conditions in which symptoms continue LONGER than 3 months
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Chronic
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ability of a biological agent to enter AND GROW in the host
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Infectivity
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disease causing or health problem
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Agent
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susceptible PERSON or ORGANISM invaded by an infectious agent
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Host
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factors that INHIBIT or PROMOTE disease transmission
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Environment
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capability of communicable agent TO CAUSE DISESASE in a susceptible host- mostly genetic capability ( is it disease causing??)
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Pathogenicity
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the QUANTITATIVE TRAIT representing the extent of the pathology caused by a microorganism
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Virulence
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trait expressing the interaction between a pathogen and its host, correalated to the pathogens CAPACITY TO MULTIPLY IN THE HOST ( how fast can it multiply and spread around?)
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Virulence
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what are the three factors that are the minimal occurence and spread of the communicable disease in the population??
Host --> Environment" alt="Agent -> Host --> Environment">
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Agent -> Host --> Environment
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is a step by step model to conceptualize the transmission of a communicable disease from its source to the host
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Chain of Infection
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What is the chain of infection composed of?
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Pathogen Reservoir Portal of Exit Transmission Portal of Entry New Host
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disease causing agent
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pathogen
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FAVORABLE environment where infectious agents can LIVE AND GROW ( can be animals or humans)
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Reservoir
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THE PATH by which a agent leaves the host
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Portal of Exit
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HOW pathogens are PASSED from reservoir to next host
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Transmission (direct or indirect)
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how pathogens enter the susceptible host
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Portal of Entry
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when NEW SUSCEPTIBLE HOST is ESTABLISHED
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New host
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what are the sources of infection?
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Zoonoses Anthroponoses
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diseases which reservoir resides in ANIMAL population
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Zoononses
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diseases which HUMANS are the ONLY KNOWN reservoir
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Anthroponoses
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What are the type of transmission?
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Direct Indirect
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is the immediate transfer of the disease agent between INFECTED AND SUSCEPTIBLE INDIVIDUALS
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Direct
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modes of transfer involving an INTERMEDIATE step eg. airborne, vector, vectorbornes Vehicles
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Indirect transmission
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NONLIVING objects by which agents are transferred to the suceptible host
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vehicles
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true or false. If one line is missing, chain is broken.
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TRUE
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what are the nation's leading cause of death?
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Stroke Caner Heart Disease
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causes of many communicable disease
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Etiologies
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A visual representation of the host together with various INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL factors that promote and protects against the disease
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Multicausation Model
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Multicausation model
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...has a unique genetic endownmend
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What are some factors that can impact the host according to the multicausation model?
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Personality Beliefs Behavioral choices
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True or false The host has an inalterable. UNIQUE GENETIC ENDOWMENT
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TRUE
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What are the three criteria used to judge the IMPORTANCE of a disease to a community?? (LNE)
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1.) Leading causes of death 2.) Number of years of potential life lost ( number of years lost when death occurs before the age of 65 or 75) 3.) Economic Impact
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planning for taking action to PREVENT or FORESTALL onset of disease or health problem
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Prevention
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effort to control disease in PROGRESS, TAKING ACTION during the event
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Intervention
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TOTAL elimination of disease from the human population
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Eradication
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What are the levels of prevention?
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Primary Secondary Tertiary
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level of prevention to forestall onset or illness or injury during pathogenesis
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Primary Prevention
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level of prevention that early diagnosis or prompt before disease becomes advanced and disbability severe
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Secondary Prevention
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level of prevention aimed at REHABILITITATION following a significant pathogenesis
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Tertiary Prevention
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Hand washing, using condoms, properly cooking food are examples of Health Education, chlorinating water, immunization programs
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Primary prevention (individual) for communicable disease community primary prevention
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what are some examples of secondary prevention of communicable disease?
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Individuals- self diagnosis, self- treatment, antibiotics Communities- controlling or limiting extent of an epidemic eg. Isolation, quarantine
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examples of tertiary prevention of communicable disease?
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reapplication of secondary and primary measures recovery of full health
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GIVE EXAMPLES OF EACH LEVEL OF PREVENTION FOR non communicable disease
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Primary: Education, knowledge, exercising properly, proper food, adequate food supplies for communities, opportunities for employment Secondary: dental check-up, pap test --> provision of mass screening for chronic diseases tertiary- behavorial liefstyle changes, adequate emergency medical personnel and services, hosptial surgeons, nurses and amublance services
