11.2 Dermatology Boards Buzz Words – Flashcards
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Premalignant oral leukoplakia
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Dyskeratosis congenita
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Benign oral leukoplakia
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Pachyonychia congenita type 1
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Cobblestoning of oral mucosa
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Cowden syndrome, Chron's disease
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Anodonntia
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Hypomelanosis of Ito, incontinentia pigmenti, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
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Pegged teeth
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Ectodermal dysplasias (i.e., hypohidrotic ED), incontinentia pigenti
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Natal teeth
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Pachyonychia congenita type 2
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Retention of primary teeth
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Hyper-IgE syndrome
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Supernumerary teeth (polydontia)
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Gardner syndrome
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Red-colored teeth (erythrodontia)
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Congenital erythropoietic porphyria
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Staining of teeth
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TCN (gingival 1/3), MCN (middle 1/3)
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Enamel hypoplasia (including enamel pits)
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Sjögren-Larsson syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, junctional epidermolysis bullosa
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Centrally notched upper incisors
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Congenital syphilis
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Periodontitis with early tooth loss
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Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, Haim-Munk syndrome
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Floating teeth
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Letterer-Siwe disease (LCH)
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Mucocutaneous papillomas and pits
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Focal dermal hypoplasia
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Mucosal neuromas (± rubbery lips)
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MEN 2b (also known as MEN 3)
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Oral fibromas
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Tuberous sclerosis, Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome
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Odontogenic Cysts
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Gardner syndrome, nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin syndrome)
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Macroglossia
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Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
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Comma-shaped corneal opacities
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X-linked ichthyosis
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Whorl-like corneal opacities
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Fabry disease
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Keratoconus (gradual bulging from normal round shape to cone shape)
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Down syndrome, atopic dermatitis
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Painful keratitis , dendritic corneal ulcers (pseudoherpetic)
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Richner-Hanhart syndrome
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Photophobia, keratitis, neovascularization, eventual blindness
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KID syndrome
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Anterior subcapsular cataracts
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Atopic dermatitis
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Lester iris (hyperpigmentation around pupillary margin of iris)
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Nail-patella syndrome
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Heterochromia iridis (two different eye colors in the same individual)
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Waardenburg syndrome
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Lisch nodules (pigmented hamartomatous nevi in iris)
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Neurofibromatosis
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Coloboma (defect in iris)
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Goltz syndrome
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Ectopia lentis (lens dislocation), downward
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Homocystinuria
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Ectopia lentis, upward
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Marfan syndrome
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Anterior uveitis, lacrimal gland enlargement with ↑ lacrimation
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Sarcoidosis
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Uveitis (anterior or posterior), glaucoma
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Behcet's disease
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Angioid streaks
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Pseudoxanthoma elasticum, lead poisoning
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Congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE)
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Gardner syndrome
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Retinitis pigmentosa (salt/pepper)
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Cockayne syndrome, Refsum disease
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Perifoveal glistening white dots in ocular fundus
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Sjögren-Larsson syndrome
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Retinal phakomas (hamartomas)
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Tuberous sclerosis
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Broad nasal bridge
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Hyper-IgE syndrome
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Bullous pear-shaped nose
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Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome
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Beaked nose
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Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, progeria
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Circular depression (posterior rim of helices)
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Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
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Ear lobe crease
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Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
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Crumpled ears
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Congenital contractural arachnodactyly
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Calcification of falx cerebri
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Gorlin syndrome
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Calcification of basal ganglia
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Tuberous sclerosis, Gorlin syndrome, Cockayne syndrome
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Calcification of dura (at tentorium and choroid attachments)
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Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome
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Calcification of hippocampus and amygdala
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Lipoid proteinosis
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Tram-track calcification (due to vascular malformations in cortex)
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Sturge-Weber syndrome
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Occipital exostosis (horns)
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Occipital horn syndrome, Menkes disease
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Thickening of calvarium
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Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (Clouston), tuberous sclerosis
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Radiolucent "punched out" osteolytic lesions often on skull
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Multiple myeloma
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Solitary or multiple "punched out" lesions often on skull
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Eosinophilic granuloma (form of Langerhans cells histiocytosis)
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Wormian bones (additional intrasutural bones within skull)
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Osteogenesis imperfecta, Menkes disease
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Dysplasia of sphenoid wing (skull bone)
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Neurofibromatosis I
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Cranial and external auditory canal hyperostosis
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Proteus syndrome
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Beaded ribs
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Osteogenesis imperfecta
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Bifid (bifurcated) ribs
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Gorlin syndrome
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Supernumeerary vertebrae
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Incontinentia pigmenti
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Osteopoikilosis (numerous sclerotic foci in long bones)
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Buschke-Ollendorf syndrome
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Osteopathia striata (prominent vertical striations near epiphyses/metaphyses in long bones)
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Goltz syndrome
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Melorheostosis (thickening of bony cortex like 'dripping candle wax')
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Linear scleroderma
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Erlenmeyer flask deformity of femoral mid-shaft
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Gaucher disease
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Cone shaped epiphysis
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Trichorhinphalangeal syndrome
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Stippled epiphyses or chondrodysplasia punctata (punctate calcifications within epiphyseal cartilage)
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CHILD syndrome, Conradi-Hünermann syndrome
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Absent radii
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Fanconi anemia
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Hypoplastic radii, ulnae, and/or thumbs
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Rothmund-Thomson syndrome
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Radial head subluxation
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Nail-patella syndrome
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Broad thumbs
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Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
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Hypoplastic thumbs
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Rothmund-Thomson syndrome
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Short 4th metacarpal
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Albight's hereditary osteodystrophy
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Clinodactyly
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Cornelia de Lange syndrome, Russell-Silver syndrome
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Thickened scapulae
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Nail-patella syndrome
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Absent patella
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Nail-patella syndrome
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Sclerotic focal bone lesions
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POEMS syndrome
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Iliac exostoses (posterior iliac horns)
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Nail-patella syndrome
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Dysostosis multiplex (characteristic skeletal abnormalities)
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Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) disorders
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Resorption of distal phalanges
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Sclerooderma, Haim-Munk syndrome
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Tufting of terminal phalanges
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Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (clouston)
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↑ Lymphoreticular malignancy +ataxia, recurrent infections
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Ataxia-telangiectasia
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↑Medulloblastoma and fibrosarcomas +ovarian fibromas
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Gorlin syndrome
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↑ Leukemia or GI CA + photodistributed rash
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Bloom syndrome
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↑ Renal, thyroid (medullary), colon CA +fibrofolliculomas
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Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome
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↑ Esophageal CA + focal pressure PPK
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Howel-Evans syndrome
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↑ Thyroid (follicular), breast, colon CA + trichilemmomas
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Cowden syndrome
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↑ Chondrosarcoma + endochrondromas, venous malformations
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Maffucci syndrome
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↑ Colon CA + odontogenic cysts
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Gardner syndrome
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↑ Testicular CA + cryptorchidism
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X-linked ichtyosis
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↑ Renal cell CA+ uterine and cutaneous leiomyomas
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Leiomyomatosis
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↑ Ovarian, lung, colorectal, pancreatic CA + poikiloderma
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Dermatomyositis
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↑ Acute myelogenous leukemia +neutrophilic dermatosis
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Sweet's syndrome, pyoderma gangrenosum (atypical bullous form)
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↑ GI lymphoma + pruritic vesicles (extensor surfaces)
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Dermatitis herpetiformis
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↑ Juvanile myelomonocytic leukemia + JXG (juvenile xanthogranuloma)
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NF1
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↑ Various CA (30% of cases) + destructive arthritis
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Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis
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↑ Renal cell CA (rare) + shagreen patches
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Tuberous sclerosis
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↑ SCC + lekoplakia, nail dystrophy, bone marrow failure
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Dyskeratosis congenita
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↑ Osteosarcoma + hypoplastic thumbs, photosensitivity
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Rothmund-Thomson syndrome
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Glucagonoma (pancreatic tumor) + erythematous plaques (thighs/groin/perineum)
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Necrolytic migratory erythema
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Luzoyia verrucarum (sandfly)
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Oroya fever (Bartonella bacilliformis)
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Lutzomyia spp., Phlebotomus spp. (sandfly)
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Leishmaniasis (Leishmania spp.)
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Reduviid bug
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Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
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Xenopsylla cheopis (rat flea)
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Plague (Yersinia pestis) Endemic typhus (Rickettsia typhi)
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Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea)
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Cat-scratch disease (Bartonella henselae)
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Chrysops discalis (deer fly)
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Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
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Chrysops, family Tabanidae (deer or mango fly)
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Loaisis (Loa loa)
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Glossina morsitans (tsetse fly)
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African trypanosomiasis (T. gambiense and rhodesiense)
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Simulium spp. (black fly)
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Onchocerciasis (Onchocerca volvulus)
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Culex, Aedes, Anopheles (mosquitoes)
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Filariasis (Wuchereria bancrofti)
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Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick)
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Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
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Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick)
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Mediterranean spotted fever (Rickettsia conorii)
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Ixodes dammini (scapularis), Ixodes pacificus
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Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi
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Trombiculid red mites (larval stage: chigger)
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Scrub typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi)
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Liponyssoides sanguineus (Mouse mite)
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Rickettsialpox (Rickettsia akari)
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Pediculus humanus (human body louse)
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Epidemic fever (Rickettsia prowazekii) Relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis) Trench fever (Bartonella quintana)
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Red grains (actinomycetoma
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Actinomadura pelletieri
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Yellow to brown grains (actinomycetoma
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Streptomyces somaliensis
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Pink or cream grains (actinomycetoma)
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Actinomadura madurae
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White grains (actinomycetoma
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Nocardia brasiliensis and asteroides
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Pectinate hyphae
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Microsporum audouinii
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Bamboo-like hyphae
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Microsporum ferrugineum
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"Pig snout" conidia
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Microsporum nanum
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Bullous tinea pedis
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Trichophyton mentagrophytes
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Spiral hyphae
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Trichophyton mentagrophytes
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Teardrop-shaped microconidia ('birds on a wire')
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Trichophyton rubrum
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Septate hyphae with reflexive branching
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Trichophyton soudanense
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Teardrop, balloon and matchstick forms of conidia
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Trichophyton tonsurans
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Septate hyphae with favic chandeliers
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Trichophyton tonsurans
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Partial thiamine and inositol requirement
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Trichophyton verrucosum
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Khaki-colored colony with club-shaped macroconidia
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Epidermophyton floccosum
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Round cells attached to one another ("chain of coins," "brass knuckles")
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Lobomycosis (Lacazia loboi)
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Globe-shaped sclerotic cells ("Medlar bodies", "Copper pennies")
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Chromoblastomycosis (dematiaceous fungi)
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Photochromogens (mycobacteria)
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M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. simium
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Broad-based budding with double contoured thick wall
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Blastomycosis (Blastomyces dematitidis)
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Large round organisms with multiple narrow-based buds radiating outward (mariner's wheel)
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Paracoccidioidomycosis (Paracoccidioides brasiliensis)
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Dichotomous branching at 45-60 degree angle
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Aspergillus
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Large ribbon-like hyphae with 90 degree branching
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Mucor
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Giant sporangia
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Rhinosporidiosis (Rhinosporidium seeberi)
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Morula formation resembling soccer ball
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Protothecosis (Prototheca)
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Winterbottom's sign
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Posterior cervical LAD in African trypanosomiasis
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Romana's sign
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Eyelid edema and conjunctivitis in American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease)
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Mazzotti reaction
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Severe reaction in onchocerciasis associated with diethyl-carbamazine, (when microfilariae killed)
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Least inflammatory nonabsorbable suture
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Polypropylene (prolene)
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Most inflammatory nonabsorbable suture
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Silk
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Longest lasting absorbable suture for 180 days
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PDS (polydioxanone)
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Graft with less contraction
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Full-thickness skin graft
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Graft with less necrosis due to ↓ vascular requirement
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Split-thickness skin graft
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Local anesthetic with shortest duration
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Procaine
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Local anesthetic with longest duration
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Bupivacaine (etidocaine next)
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Derivation of muscles of mastication
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First branchial arch
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Derivation of facial expression muscles
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Second branchial arch
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Derivation of facial expression muscles
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Second branchial arch
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Muscle needed to pull corners of mouth downward
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Depressor anguli oris (DAO)
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Muscle needed to dilate nostrils
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Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
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Sensory innervation to root of nose, lateral nasal sidewalls
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Infratrochlear nerve
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Sensory innervation to nasal dorsum and tip
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External nasal branch of anterior ethmoidal nerve
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Sensory innervation to tympanic membrane
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Auriculotemporal nerve
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Internal and external carotid artery (ICA/ECA) anastomosis
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Dorsal nasal artery (ICA) with angular artery (ECA)
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Type of excision best over convex surface
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S-Plasty
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Type of excision for reducing length of scar
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M-plasty
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Process by which synthetic materials (i.e., polyglycolic acid) absorbed
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Hydrolysis
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Process by which natural material (cat gut, silk) absorbed
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Proteolysis
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Antiseptic with flammable property
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Isopropyl alcohol
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Antiseptic inactivated by blood/sputum, +/- contact dermatitis
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Povidone-iodine
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Antiseptic with neurotoxic effects (teratogenic as well)
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Hexachlorophene
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Antiseptic with ototoxicity and ocular irritation
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Chlorhexidine
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Scar strength at 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 6 weeks and 1 year
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5%, 15%, 40%, 80%
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Temperature needed for melanocyte destruction
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-5 C
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Temperature to destroy skin cancer
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-50 C (vs. -25 C for benign lesion)
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Temperature for destruction of keratinocyte
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-25 C
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Maximum safe dose of lidocaine for tumescent anesthesia
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55 mg/kg
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B cell lymphoma, leg type
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More aggressive with poorer prognosis than B cell lymphomas of head/neck
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Nodular amyloidosis
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AL
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Macular and lichen amyloidosis
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Keratin-derived
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Scleromyxedema
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IgGλ
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Psoriasis
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↑ K6/16, ↑ involucrin, ↑ ornithine decarboxylase
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Differentiate acquired angioedema vs. hereditary angioedema
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Check C4 level
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Wolff-Chaikoff effect
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Side effect from potassium iodide
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Hereditary angioedema
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Type I: ↓ C2/C4, ↓ functional C1 inh Type II: normal C2/C4, ↓ functional C inh
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Proteins to maintain HPV replication in basal layer
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E1 and E2 proteins
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Treatment for erythema nodosum Ieprosum
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Thalidomide
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Most common location for superficial spreading melanoma
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Back (men), leg (women)
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Autoantibody with CCB-induced LE
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Anti-SSA (anti-Ro)
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Autoantibody with procainamide-induced LE
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Anti-histone
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Most common cyst on lateral neck
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Branchial cleft cyst
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Most common cyst on midline of anterior neck
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Thyroglossal duct cyst
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Treatment for confluent and reticulated papillomatosis
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Minocycline x 6-8 weeks
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Drug-induced elastosis perforans serpiginosa (EPS)
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Penicillamine
