Nursing Research and Evidence Based Practice – Flashcards
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Whats the goal of nursing research at the BSN level?
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Critique research for applicability to nursing practice
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Essential III definition from the AACN (American Association of Colleges of Nursing) is what?
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Professional nursing practice is grounded in the translation of current evidence into ones practice
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Institute of Medicine wants to focus priority on what form of practice?
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Practice of Evidence-Based Medicine
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Evidence Based Practice definition?
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Integrate best research with clinical expertise and patient values for optimum care, and participate in learning and research activities to the extent feasible
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What are the 3 "levels" of nursing practice?
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Dependent (Physician), Inter-Dependent (Social Work, PT), Independent (Only Nursing)
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Nursing as a profession is...
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The mastery of a complex body of knowledge and skills
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What are the 3 areas of focus that the AACN believes that Nurses should be focused on?
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Clinical Research, Outcomes Research, Educational Research
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What are the two criteria that need to be met to be considered a magnet hospital?
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1) Care Delivery Model that incorporates evidence based pratice and contemporary management concepts and theory 2) There is integration of research and evidence-based practice into clinical and operational processes
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What organization has the most credibility in the field of nursing research?
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NIH/NINR
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Who organization funds the most in the field of nursing research?
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NIH/NINR
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What are the 3 components of Nursing Professional Knowledge Base?
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Nursing Theory, Nursing Research, Nursing Practice
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Where does nursing knowledge come from?
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Tradition, Authority, Borrowing, Trial and error, Personal Experience, Role Model, Intuition, Logical Reasoning, Disciplined Research
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Inductive reasoning is what?
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Specific to General
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Deductive reasoning is what?
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General to specific
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What is the build up for inductive reasoning?
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Observation, Pattern, Tentative Hypothesis, Theory
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What is the build up for Deductive Reasoning?
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Theory, Hypothesis, Observation, Confirmation
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What are the 6 traits of Positivist Research?
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1. Fixed Design, 2. Deductive, 3. Control over context 4. Verification of Hunches, 5. Seeks Generalization 6. Quantitative Information
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What are the 6 traits of Naturalist Research?
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1. Flexible Design, 2. Inductive, 3. Context Bound, 4. Emerging Interpretations 5. Seeks Patterns, 6. Qualitative Information
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3 Quantitative types?
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Experimental, Quasi-Experimental, Non-Experimental
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3 Qualitative types?
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Grounded Theory, Phenomenology, Ethnography, Historical
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What are the terms special to Quantitative?
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Subject, Participant, Respondent, Variables, Numeric Data, Relationships
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What are terms special to Qualitative?
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Study Participant, Informant, Phenomena, Data Expressed as Words, Patterns of Association
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Datum means...
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One Piece of information
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What is the theoretical focus of quantitative theory?
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Testing Theory
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What is the theoretical focus of Qualitative theory?
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Generation of Theory
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When is qualitative used?
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When we are checking out things that we do not know a lot about
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When is the quantitatve method used?
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When you have more information and can typically form a hypothesis
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What is the emphasis of Phenomenology Research?
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Lived Experience
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What is the emphasis of Grounded Theory Research?
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Process
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What is the emphasis of Ethnography Research?
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Culture
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What is the emphasis of Historical Research?
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Past effect on current and future
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What is the definition of Phenomenology?
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Study of how individuals describe a concept or phenomenon through their own senses
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What is the advantage of Phenomenology?
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It can be used where things really aren't broken down into numbers: ie emotional
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Grounded Theory does what?
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Develops a theory that is grounded in the data
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What does grounded theory focus on?
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The process rather than the person
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What are the two things you think about when thinking about grounded theory?
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Thinking AND process
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Variables are what?
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A characteristic that can change
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Variables is used almost exclusively in what form of research?
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Quantitative
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How would qualitative researchers refer to variables?
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As "phenomena"
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What does the Independent Variable do?
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It is the presumed cause of the change in the dependent variable
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What does the Dependent Variable do?
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The presumed effect on an the thing you are trying to change
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What is a causal relationship?
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If A then B
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What is a functional relationship?
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A is associated with B (just an association)
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Hypothesis is what...
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A statement of the relationship between variables
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What are the 3 levels of looking at Quantitative Studies?
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Experimental, Quasi-Experimental, Non-Experimental
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A drug trial is what form of quantitative research method?
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Experimental
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Quasi-Experimental doesn't have what component of Experimental Research?
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There is no randomization
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Non-Experimental is what?
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No manipulation, just looking at things, Observational, often after, Descriptive/Correlations
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What are 4 things you have to remember about Experimental Research?
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You have the independent variable that you have to manipulate, You have an Intervention, You have Control Group (controlling for confounding variables), Randomization
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What are confounding variables?
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Variables that can come in and effect the "real" outcome that you're looking for
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What are the big 3 things that differentiate Quasi-Experimental from an experimental group?
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No randomization, Comparison group instead of a "control" group
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What is a Quasi-Experimental form of research often used for?
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Used to look at outcomes, outcomes research
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What are the two different directions of non-experimental research?
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Descriptive, Correlational
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What is the range of Correlation Degree?
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-1 to 0 to +1 (Neg. correlation, No correlation, Positive correlation)
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What are the 5 phases of quantitative research?
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1) Conceptual Phase 2) Design and Planning Phase 3) Empirical Phase 4) Analytic Phase 5) Dissemination Phase
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What are 6 sources of nursing research problems?
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1. Clinical Experience, 2. Patient Feedback, 3. Professional Literature, 4. Social Issues, 5. Theories, 6. External Issues
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What is Seminal Work?
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Work that changed how things are done
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What is peer review?
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When other people look at an article before it is published, readers won't know who wrote it
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What is the Null Hypothesis?
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The general or default position, that there is no relationship between two measured phenomena
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IRB (Institutional Review Board) deals with what
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The ethical concerns of the study, Federally approved and federally required
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What are the parts of informed consent?
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Human Participants, Confidentiality, Risks Explained
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How many people are usually on the IRB?
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5 people ~ 1 scientist, 1 non-scientist and other lay-people
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What does a reliability mean?
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Yields the same values dependable each time to measure the same thing
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Validity means what?
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Must measure what is supposed to be measuring
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Another word for characteristics is what?
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Variable
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What is the discussion potion of an article typically used for?
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"Making their Case" - can be manipulative
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Evidence Based Nursing Practice 5-Step approach?
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Ask, Acquire, Appraise, Apply, Assess
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What are the two types of triggers in Organizational Setting?
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Knowledge-Focused Triggers, Problem-Focused Triggers (innovation or research finding), (Perplexing or troubling clinical sit.)
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What does etiology mean?
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Cause
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Prognosis means what?
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What you're expected to see
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What does PICOT stand for?
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Patient Population, Intervention or issues of interest, Comparison intervention or group, Outcome, Time frame
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What is a Meta-Analyses?
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Integrate findings across QUANTITATIVE studies statistically
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What is Meta-syntheses?
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Integrate and amplify findings across QUALITATIVE studies
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What is level 1 level of evidence?
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a. Systematic Review of RCT's b. Systematic review of non-randomized trials
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What is level 2 level of evidence?
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a. Single RCT b. Single Non-randomizd trial
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What is level 3 level of evidence?
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Systematic review of correlational/observational studies
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What is level 4 level of evidence?
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Single correlational/observational study
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What is level 5 level of evidence?
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Systematic review of descriptive/qualitative/physiologic studies
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What is level 6 level of evidence?
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Single descriptive/qualitative/physiologic study
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What is level 7 level of evidence?
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Opinions of authorities, expert committies
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How does the levels of evidence work? (ex: higher number Better evidence?)
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Higher number, lower quality of evidence
