Exam 2: Nursing theory research & evidence based nursing practice – Flashcards
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What is knowledge?
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"...an awareness or perception of reality acquired through learning or investigation" (Tomey & Alligood, 1998, p. 3).
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Ways of Acquiring Knowledge in Nursing
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Tradition. Authority. Borrowing. Trial and Error. Personal Experience. Role-Modeling. Intuition. Reasoning. Nursing Research
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Purpose of Theory/Steps of Research Process
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Describe, explain, predict, control
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Henderson
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philosophy of nursing
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Nightingale
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"clean up the environment" Environmental Philosophy
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Watson
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Caring
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Roy
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adaptation
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King
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Goal attainment
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Leininger
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culture
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Neuman
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system
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Pender
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health promotion
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Benner
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stages of nursing proficiency
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Benner's Stages of Nursing Expertise
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1) Novice. (nursing student) 2) Advanced Novice. 3) Competent (2 or 3 years experience ) 4) Proficient (3 to 5 years experience) 5) Expert
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What is the ultimate goal of nursing theory?
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To support nursing practice.
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Theory guides the professional nurse in what ways?
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-Making sound clinical judgments based on evidence: Determining which data are important Organizing, analyzing, and understanding connections in patients data. -Planning appropriate nursing interventions - i.e., evidence-based nursing practice. -Evaluating outcomes of interventions.
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Two key reasons theory is important in nursing?
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1) nursing as a profession is strengthened when nursing knowledge is built on sound theory. 2)"...theory is a useful tool for reasoning, critical thinking, and decision-making..."
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General system theories was developed by?
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Von Bertalanffy in 1936
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What is the purpose of nursing research?
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Validates & refines existing nursing knowledge and generates new nursing knowledge
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Nursing Research Methods
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Qualitative and Quantative
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What is Qualitative?
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"...a systematic, subjective approach used to describe life experiences and situations and give them meaning" (Munhall, 2007, as cited in Burns & Grove, 2011, p. 20).
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Qualitative Research Approaches?
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Phenomenological. Grounded Theory. Ethnographic. Historical
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What is Quantitative?
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"...a formal, objective, systematic process in which numerical data are used to obtain information about the world" (Burns & Grove, 2011, p. 20).
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Theory generating research?
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Qualitative
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Theory-testing research?
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Quantitative
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Ultimate Goal of theory and research?
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Evidence based nursing practice.
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Philosophies?
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Identify the phenomena; present a set of beliefs, definitions & meanings of the phenomena; provide a broad general view
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Conceptual Models/Frameworks
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identify the phenomena, related concepts, & relationships among concepts
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Theories
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identify the phenomena, related concepts, relationships among concepts, & propose outcomes
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Most abstract to least abstract?
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Philosophies, Conceptual Models/framework, theories.
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What is System theories?
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The concepts of systems theory are INTERGRAL to professional nursing practice
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Sub-concepts to system theories?
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Patient/Client System and Health Care System
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General System theories cycle?
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Input- Throughput -Output-Evaluation-Feedback-Input
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Key concepts of General System theories
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A system is a set of interrelated parts. The parts form a meaningful whole. The whole is different from and greater than the sum of its parts. Systems may be open or closed. All living systems are open systems. Systems strive for homeostasis. Systems are part of suprasystems. Systems have subsystems. A change in one part of a system creates change in other parts.
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General System theories
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Provides a way of examining interrelationships and deriving principles of understanding relationships among nursing's basic concepts.
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Steps of research process
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Research Problem &/or Phenomenon of Interest Research Purpose(s) Research Question(s) &/or Hypothesis(es) Literature Review Research Framework Ethics-Human Study Participant Rights (Informed Consent; IRB Approval) Research Design(s) Sampling (Population & Sample) Measurement &/or Data Collection Data Analysis &/or Statistics Research Outcomes [Findings] Dissemination of Findings Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
