Concepts Unit 1 – Flashcards
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Clara Barton
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"Angel of the Battlefield" and founder of the American Red Cross *The American Civil War
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Dorothea Dix
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an advocate for the mentally ill was appointed Superintendent of Women Nurses of the Union Army *The American Civil War
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The American Civil War
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This war helped advance the CAUSE of professional nursing as LEADERS and was the impetus for providing the STRUCTURE of what would become professional nursing -"Birthplace" of nursing *Clara Barton emerged during this time
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First 3 American Schools
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Opened in 1873 Bellevue Training School for Nurses in NYC CONNECTICUT Training School for Nurses in New Haven BOSTON Training School for Nurses at Mass General
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Males in Nursing
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Male students not allowed until 1886
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Linda Richards
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The first trained nurse, graduated in 1874
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Mary Mahoney
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-First professionally educated African American nurse (National Association of Collegiate Graduate Nurses) -Advocated for diversity and equality -Concerned with women's equality and Women's Suffrage
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Florence Nightingale
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-Born in 1820, english aristo. -Crimean war establishes sanitation practices -Entered nursing training program at 30 y/o -1860 founded first training school for nurses in London: became model for nursing education in U.S. -Published "NOTES ON NURSING" and other works Recognized that formal, systematic education in both theory and practice was essential for the preparation of high-quality nurses
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Isabel Adams Hampton Robb
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-Among the first educators -Raised the standards for nursing education -Key founder of 1896 Nurses' Associated Alumnae of the U.S. and Canada which then became the ANA in 1911 -American Nursing Association: sets the standards of nursing practice) -Mission: enhance collab. among practicing nurses and educators
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Lilian Wald
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-Founder of the Henry Street Settlement: fight political corruption to improve social conditions for the poor -First formal public health nursing practice, VNA (visiting nursing association -Care provided: well baby checks, tx minor illnesses, disease transmission prevention, health education
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Lavinia Lloyd Dock
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-Nurse, FEMINIST, pioneer in nursing education, author -Superintendent at Johns Hopkins School of Nursing under Isabel Hampton Robb
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Adelaide Nutting
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Founded the National League for Nursing (NLN) -considered world's first Professor of Nursing
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Susan B. Anthony
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Fought for women's right to vote -Key note speaker in 1902 NY state nurses ass.
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Spanish American War
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-Created a need for nursing -Army and Navy Nurse Corps -Growth of nursing -Defined the body of nursing knowledge -First attempt to use only trained nurses in war setting the stage for development of Army Nurse Corps and Navy Nurse Corps
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WWI (1917-1930)
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-Influenza outbreak -Public health nursing flourished (nurses telling the public to take precautions to getting the flu) -Increase use of hospitals and an acceptance of the scientific basis of medicine -The Gold Mark Report (advocated- collegiate is better than diploma) -Rural midwifery established
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The Great Depression (1931-1945)
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-Hospitals were losing money, used nursing students "free help" then nursing schools began to close and they lost their help -Hospital nurses were fired so they went to the private sector -However, hospitals couldn't sustain nursing schools becomes funds became low -Nurses were then losing their jobs in private sectors -Hospital hired nurses back for minimum wage -1935: Social Security Act, enhanced the practice of public health nursing (care for crippled and blind)
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WWII
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-Increased use of LVNS and aids -When nurses were away at sea, they needed people to become nurses quicker (LVNS, and aids) -Cadet Nurse Corp added 124,000 new RNs to the profession. -Resulted in stratification
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1960s
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-Era of specialization -Emergence of NPs in primary care
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21st Century
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-Code of Ethics -Curriculum changes in schools
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Nursing Licensure
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-to keep public safe -ensure competency of nurses -seemed unnecessary until early 21st century -Florence Nightingale opposed licensure -legal act by which state recognizes a person has minimal competency to practice -ANA: established state board of nursing to make sure each state is sticking to the standards
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State Board of Nursing
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-Established nurse practice act, so each state can regulate nurses (what they can and can't do-the scope) -Has the right to give and take away license ANA----State Board of Nursing----Nurse Practice act
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Nurse Practice Act
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State legislation regulating the practice of nurses that protects the public, defines the scope of practice, and makes nurses accountable for their actions. Can establish state boards of nursing (SBNs) and define specific SBN powers regarding the practice of nursing within the state.
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Before Liscensure
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-wide variety of nurses -anybody could claim to be a nurse -poor quality nursing care -public disenchanted in nursing
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Diploma
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-3 year program -No degree -Just diploma -In hospital schools
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ADN (Associate's)
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-2 year program -Community college -Technical orientation to nursing
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Bachelors
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-4 year degree -Professional orientation (leadership and management)
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International Council of Nurses (IN)
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Dedicated to uniting nursing organizations of all nations
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National Student Nurses' Association (NSNA)
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nclex, etc.
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MSN
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Nurse Practitioners (Clinical Nurse Specialists, CRNAs, Certified Nurse Midwives)
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Ph.D
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Designed to prepare individuals to conduct research
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Ed.D
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Focuses on administration in the educational setting
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DNS
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Research oriented
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DNP
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Terminal degree for advanced practice nurses (direct patient care)
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Which belief about nursing's role in healthcare shaped Lillian D. Wald's nursing practice?
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Fight political corruption to improve social conditions for the poor
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Identify a negative effect that World War II had on health care in the United States:
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The increased use of LPNs/LVNs and Aides in place of RNs
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For which contribution to professional nursing is Isabel Adams Hampton Robb most noted?
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Raising the standards for nursing education
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Which contribution of Florence Nightingale had the greatest impact on nursing education?
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Recognizing that formal, systematic education in both theory and practice was essential for the preparation of high-quality nurses
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What is the most important consequence of the ANA Position Paper on Education for Nurses?
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Demand for a clear distinction between technical and professional nursing programs
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What is the key element in relationship-centered nursing care?
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Clients' trust in the role and skills of the nurse in the healing process
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Identify the basic requirement found in a mandatory nurse practice act.
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Nurses must be currently licensed in the state where they wish to practice nursing.
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Permissive Licensure
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Allows anyone to carry out the functions of a registered nurse
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Mandatory Licensure
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Allows the practice of nursing after passing a licensure examination
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Institutional Licensure
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Allows the practice of nursing to be determined by organizations separate from the National Council of State
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Certification
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Allows nurses to obtain additional credentials based on attainment of specialized knowledge
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Which of the following are professional nursing organizations are currently operating in the United States (Select All that Apply)?
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NLN (National League for Nursing) AACN (American Association of Critical Care Nurses) ICN (International Council of Nurses) NSNA (National Student Nurses Association) ANA (American Nurses Association)
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Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)
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Expert clinician is specialized area of practice, often functions as an in-service educator in hospitals
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Clinical Nurse Leader (CNL)
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Coordinates care for clients with an emphasis on unit based quality improvement, risk management, and client
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Nurse Practitioner (NP)
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Provides comprehensive care, usually in a primary care setting, directly managing the medical care of patients
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Nurse-Midwife
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Provides independent care, including pregnancy and gynecological services
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QSEN
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-Client-centered Care -Teamwork and Collaboration -Evidence-based Practice (EBP) -Quality Improvement (QI) -Safety -Informatics
