Mastering A & P Chapter 13 – Flashcards

Which of the following is NOT true regarding cardiovascular system function? A. The heart pumps blood to various organs via blood vessels. B. Cardiovascular system regulation does not depend upon interactions with any other organ or systems. C. Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removes wastes. D. Blood vessels are also sensory and effector organs.

Which of the following components of blood contains hemoglobin?

The mitral valve is another name for which of the valves of the heart?

Action potentials generated by the autorhythmic cells spread to the contractile cells through what structures in the membrane?

One of the changes that occurs in the pacemaker potential (unstable resting membrane potential) in the SA node (an autorhythmic cell) is a decreased efflux of what ion?

When threshold is reached at the SA node (an autorhythmic cell), what channels open causing further depolarization of the membrane?

Repolarization of an autorhythmic cell is due to the opening of which channels?

In order to cause cardiac muscle contraction, the contractile cells must also depolarize. What causes the depolarization of the contractile cells? A. the flow of negative ions from adjacent cells B. the flow of positive ions from adjacent cells C. an unstable resting membrane potential in the contractile cells

Which part of the conduction system initiates the depolarizing impulse, which spreads throughout the heart?

What does the ECG wave tracing represent?

What does the QRS complex represent in the ECG wave tracing?

Contraction of the atria results from which wave of depolarization on the ECG tracing?

Which part of the intrinsic conduction system delays the impulse briefly before it moves on to the ventricles?

Which of the following is NOT an extrinsic control mechanism regulating heart muscle contraction activity? A. sympathetic nervous system B. end-diastolic volume (EDV) C. parasympathetic nervous system D. adrenal medulla

Receptors that respond to changes in pressure are called __________.

The cardiovascular control center is located in the __________.

Which of the following is NOT a possible result of phosphorylation after activation of protein kinase in a cardiac muscle cell? A. increased calcium entry from extracellular fluid B. increased calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum C. increased calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum D. faster cross bridge cycling

In response to a drop in blood pressure, the sympathetic nervous system releases __________ onto cardiac muscle cells, which binds to __________ receptors.

Which of the following would result in an increased stroke volume?

Which of the following would increase cardiac output to the greatest extent? A. increased heart rate and increased stroke volume B. increased heart rate and decreased stroke volume C. decreased heart rate and increased stroke volume D. decreased heart rate and decreased stroke volume

Which of the following would increase heart rate? A, decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system B. acetylcholine C. increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system D. epinephrine and norepinephrine

How would an increase in the sympathetic nervous system increase stroke volume?

By what mechanism would an increase in venous return increase stroke volume?

How would a decrease in blood volume affect both stroke volume and cardiac output?

Which pair of heart chambers supplies blood to the pulmonary circuit?

In the heart, the coronary arteries branch off and direct blood to smaller and smaller vascular branches so that all parts of the heart receive equally oxygenated blood. This is an example of __________.

Which ventricle of the heart has the thickest wall?

Which of the following would remove the QRS complex from an ECG recording? A. damage to the Purkinje fibers innervating the papillary muscles only B. complete removal of the SA node C. complete removal of the bundle of His D. damage to the AV valves

The QRS complex represents a(n) __________ event, which precedes a(n) __________ event of the heart.

How would a change in parasympathetic nerve activity (PSNA) affect stroke volume (SV)?

During exercise, HR increases. This actually shortens diastolic filling time, which might decrease end diastolic volume and therefore preload. Decreased preload would lead to a decreased stroke volume (SV). However, during exercise, SV actually increases. How could this be?

Which of the following summarizes Starling's Law of the heart? A. If sympathetic nerve activity to the heart is increased, contractility and therefore SV will also increase. B. If you increase pressure in the aorta, the filling time for the ventricle will be lengthened, resulting in a greater end diastolic volume and pressure. C. If you contract the heart walls more forcefully, they will relax more quickly, resulting in a longer filling time. D. If you put more blood into the ventricle, the walls of the ventricle are stretched out, causing the ventricle to contract more forcefully.

During isovolumetric relaxation, __________.

EDV = 200 mls ESV = 75 mls HR = 60 bpm Which of the following is true?

Isovolumetric relaxation and ventricular filling (two phases of the cardiac cycle) take place during __________.

Which of the following is correct about the filling of the ventricles? A. The majority of ventricular filling is caused by contraction of the atria. B. Most blood flows passively into the ventricles through open AV valves.

Describe the pressures in the atria and ventricles that would cause the opening of the AV valves.

What causes the aortic semilunar valve to close?

Put the phases of the cardiac cycle in the correct order, starting after ventricular filling.

Increased pressure in the ventricles would close what valve(s)?