APUSH CH. 37 – Flashcards

A Republican Wisconsin senator who went "red-hunting" for communists in what came to be known as McCarthyism in the 1950s. He was able to use his governmental position in order to accuse other government officials and citizens of communism.

A 14 year old black boy who was lynched in Mississipi by an angry mob for allegedly leering at a white lady in 1955.

A Supreme Court case that ruled that separate professional schools for blacks were not equal to those of whites in 1950.

A college-educated black seamstress who refused to give up her seat in the white section of a bus in Montgomery, Alabama in December of 1955 and was subsequently arrested for violating the Jim Crow laws. This led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

A boycott of Montgomery buses started by Rosa Parks that continued from December 1, 1955 to December 26, 1956.

A pastor at Montgomery's Dexter Avenue Baptist Church who then became a civil rights movement leader.He advocated for non-violent rebellion of unfair policies in speeches such as his famed "I Have a Dream Speech" until his assassination.

The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and former governor of California who called the court's attention to social issues that were considered unmentionable and was thus often mocked by Eisenhower. The major case under his leadership was Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas.

A Supreme Court case in 1954 that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson by banning segregation in the school system. The Court rejected Southern Jim Crow laws, stating that the idea of "separate" was naturally "unequal."

The Governor of Arkansas who called upon the National Guard to prevent nine black students from enrolling in Little Rock's Central High School in September 1957. Eisenhower sent troops to escort the children to their classes in response to his efforts.

An act passed in 1964 that prohibited racial discrimination in public accommodations and increased federal power to fight segregation in schools. It also fought discrimination based on race in hiring of employees, which was regulated through the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

A group formed by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1957, that aimed to mobilize the vast power of black churches on behalf of black civil rights.

An organization that was established in 1960 by southern black students in an attempt to promote civil rights. It organized demonstrations, sit-ins, and voter registration drives

An act that was passed in 1956 which was aimed at the construction of thousands of miles of modern highways in order to promote national defense. This act assisted in the white flight of the time period.

The Secretary of State who introduced a policy of boldness in 1954. It advocated a "roll back" policy towards communism and a build-up of the American nuclear arsenal to threaten communist countries.

The new Soviet Leader who rejected Eisenhower's call for an "open skies" mutual inspection program in 1955. He instead allowed the tensions between the US and the USSR during the Cold War time period to continue.

A pro-Communist Vietnamese leader who rebelled against the French in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu. He seized control of the Northern portion of Vietnam, north of the 17th parallel.

A military pact signed in 1955 between the USSR and the communist Eastern European countries to counter the newly formed NATO force in the West.

Two Soviet satellites, launched first on October 4, 1957 and then a month later, marked the first man-made object sent into outer space orbit. This accomplishment allowed the USSR to beat America in the Space Race and led the US to increase its efforts in the field.

A televised informal debate between USSR Premier Nikita Khrushchev and American Vice President Richard Nixon in 1959. It occurred at the American National Exhibition in Moscow and included discussion of capitalist consumer culture versus Soviet state planning. Nixon's performance in the debate helped him earn the Republican presidential nomination in 1960.

A feminist who published a book, The Feminine Mystique, in 1963. It advocated for women to reach beyond homemaking and search for occupations and subsequently helped launch a feminist movement in post-WWII United States.