psych final part 7 – Flashcards

According to the text, learning involves A. the ability to think abstractly. B. a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience. C. the development of prosocial behavior. D. a reduction in spontaneous recovery.

Pets who learn that the sound of an electric can opener signals the arrival of their food illustrate A. shaping. B. prosocial behavior. C. classical conditioning. D. observational learning.

Which of the following is an unconditioned response? A. playing jump rope B. running through a maze to get a food reward C. sweating in hot weather D. clapping after a thrilling concert performance

Makayla developed an intense fear of flying five years ago when she was in a plane crash. The fact that today she can again fly without distress indicates that her fear has undergone A. spontaneous recovery. B. extinction. C. generalization. D. discrimination.

After getting a slight burn from the spark of a flickering campfire, Julie became afraid of getting close to lighted gas stoves. This best illustrates the adaptive value of A. latent learning. B. spontaneous recovery. C. generalization. D. shaping.

After he was spanked on several occasions for spilling his milk at a restaurant, Colin became afraid to go to the restaurant. In this case, spanking was a(n) ________ for Colin's fear. A. negative reinforcer B. conditioned stimulus C. secondary reinforcer D. unconditioned stimulus

You would be most likely to use operant conditioning to teach a dog to A. fear cars in the street. B. dislike the taste of dead birds. C. wag its tail whenever it is emotionally excited. D. retrieve sticks and balls.

Mason, a stockbroker, runs two miles every day after work because it reduces his level of stress. Mason's running habit is maintained by a ________ reinforcer. A. positive B. negative C. conditioned D. partial

The taste of food and relief from a headache are both ________ reinforcers. A. positive B. negative C. primary D. conditioned

To quickly teach a dog to roll over on command, you would be best advised to use A. classical conditioning rather than operant conditioning. B. partial reinforcement rather than continuous reinforcement. C. immediate reinforcers rather than delayed reinforcers. D. negative reinforcers rather than positive reinforcers.

The use of physical punishment may A. lead to the suppression but not the forgetting of undesirable behavior. B. model aggression as a way of coping with problems. C. lead people to fear and avoid the punishing agent. D. have all of these results.

Alex learned how to make 3-point basketball shots by successfully making very short shots before shooting from increasingly longer distances from the hoop. This learning strategy best illustrates the process of A. observational learning. B. delayed reinforcement. C. classical conditioning. D. shaping.

We find it harder to frown when viewing a smile than when viewing a frown. This can most clearly be attributed to A. partial reinforcement. B. spontaneous recovery. C. mirror neurons. D. cognitive maps.

We are most likely to imitate the behavior of models if we observe that their actions are A. conditioned responses. B. respondent behaviors. C. followed by reinforcement. D. violent or antisocial.

Mr. Schneider frequently tells his children that it is important to wash their hands before meals, but he rarely does so himself. Experiments suggest that his children will learn to A. wash their hands, and say that hand-washing is important. B. wash their hands, but not say that hand-washing is important. C. not wash their hands, and not say that hand-washing is important. D. say that hand-washing is important, but not wash their hands.

The process of encoding refers to A. the persistence of learning over time. B. the recall of information previously learned. C. getting information into memory. D. a clear memory of an emotionally significant event.

Jamille performs better on foreign language vocabulary tests if she studies the material 15 minutes every day for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the test. This illustrates what is known as A. the spacing effect. B. the serial position effect. C. chunking. D. automatic processing.

To remember the information presented in her psychology textbook, Susan often relates it to her own life experiences. Susan's strategy is an effective memory aid because it facilitates A. iconic memory. B. semantic encoding. C. proactive interference. D. the serial position effect.

By shrinking the hippocampus, prolonged stress is most likely to inhibit the process of A. source misattribution. B. proactive interference. C. long-term memory formation. D. repression.

Memory of facts is to ________ as memory of skills is to ________. A. brainstem; hippocampus B. explicit memory; implicit memory C. automatic processing; effortful processing D. short-term memory; long-term memory

Whenever he feels sexually jealous, David is flooded with painful memories of instances when he thought his girlfriend was flirting with other men. David's experience best illustrates A. source misattribution. B. retroactive interference. C. mood-congruent memory. D. the misinformation effect.

Judy is embarrassed because she momentarily fails to remember a good friend's name. Judy's poor memory most likely results from a failure in A. storage. B. encoding. C. rehearsal. D. retrieval.

Research on memory construction indicates that A. recent events are more vulnerable to memory distortion than events from our more distant past. B. false memories often feel as real as true memories. C. hypnotic suggestion is a particularly effective technique for accurate memory retrieval. D. it is very difficult to lead people to construct memories of events that never happened.

When children are interviewed about their recollections of possible sexual abuse, their reports are especially credible if A. they are asked specific, detailed questions about the issue rather than more general, open-ended questions. B. after responding to an interviewer, they are repeatedly asked the same question they just answered. C. they use anatomically correct dolls to indicate if and where they had been physically touched. D. involved adults have not discussed the issue with them prior to the interview.

Research reports of repression and recovered memories indicate that A. people rarely recall memories of long-forgotten events. B. most extremely traumatic life experiences are never encoded in long-term memory. C. only those memories recovered with the help of a professional psychotherapist are likely to be reliable. D. extremely stressful life experiences are especially likely to be well remembered.