Early Osteopathy, Summerfield Still, and Origins of DMU – Flashcards

**-Co-Founder of SS Still College and Infirmary of Osteopathy & Surgery. (SSSCIO) -Son of James Still, MD, nephew of A.T. Still -Graduate of Baker University (~18), attended Kansas University -Graduate of ASO in 1895 -Taught anatomy at ASO

**-Co-Founder of SS Still College and Infirmary of Osteopathy & Surgery. (SSSCIO) -Graduate of ASO in 1897 -Post-graduate studies in Chicago -Taught obstetrics and gynecology

-Educational standards and curriculum varied. -1902, curriculum was generally two years but three years of 36 weeks each recommended by the AOA. -C.E. Still (A.T.'s son) **opposed lengthened study -Third year added 1905-06 at Still College

-Performed an on-site survey of all medical schools, whether allopathic, homeopathic, or osteopathic. -Funded privately, by Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, in cooperation with AMA. -Surveyed U.S. medical education in **1909 including osteopathic schools because "Whether they use drugs or do not...all physicians summoned to see the sick...must ascertain what is the trouble. There is only one way to do that."

-**Clinical facilities: "The school makes no pretense of having hospital facilities. The catalog states: 'Cases'—pay cases of course—'needing hospital service are placed in the hospitals of the city,'--where the students cannot see them. The catalog says of the infirmary: 'The patient in no way comes in contact with the college clinic.'" -"Everything about the school indicates that it is a business."

-Flexner said of **all of the medical schools in Iowa [Drake, Still College, State University Homeopathic Medicine, State University College of Medicine] "none is at this time satisfactory." -"The osteopathic school in Des Moines is a disgrace to the state and should be summarily suppressed. "

-Early 20th century allopathic **and osteopathic schools were substandard—some were diploma mills. -Flexner criticized virtually all allopathic schools (exceptions were Johns Hopkins, Univ. of Michigan). -Said "none of the eight osteopathic schools is in the position to give such training as osteopathy demands."

-First DO to settle permanently in Iowa (1895) -Opened office in Des Moines.

-Opened in 1910 -Considered by some the first "true" osteopathic hospital.

-1911 - reorganized as a non-profit school (Still College Hospital) -**Renamed to "Des Moines Still College of Osteopathy" (until 1958)

**-President of Des Moines Still College of Osteopathy -Also taught physical diagnosis and surgery

-Osteopathic curriculum comparable to allopathic schools by 1920s. -Materia medica (pharmacology) excluded until ~1920 -More hours of anatomy added -Osteopathic principles and philosophy emphasized -1920-21, four year DO degree began

-Finances during the Great Depression became a problem...student numbers declined -DO's had been actively excluded from medical service during WWI - afterward, exclusion from military medicine and allopathic hospitals and training became permanent . -**Osteopathic hospitals became a necessity.

-Great distress over merger between the California Osteopathic Association and the California Medical Association. -Most California DOs opted to pay $50 and receive an MD diploma (forever relinquishing their DO degree). -Osteopathy looked doomed to follow homeopathy & eclecticism into oblivion.

-President from 1968-1971 -Deeply enmeshed in controversy regarding absorption of COMS (College of Osteopathic Medicine and Surgery- renamed from Still College Hospital) into the allopathic ranks. -COMS Board of Trustees affirmed that the DO would be the only medical degree granted. -Vigorito was in favor of the MD option, but would not have dropped the DO degree.

-Longest-serving COMS President (1971-1996) -Highlights: Moved COMS to 3200 Grand Olsen Clinic established 1973 , Academic Center built 1980. DMU became true university in 1981 with addition of the College of Podiatric Medicine and College of Biological Science (now College of Health Sciences). Clinic Building opened 1987.

**-Des Moines General Hospital reorganized and became main teaching site for DMSCO (into 21st century). -Osteopathic hospitals small & proprietary -Allopathic medicine mandated 12-month internship but again DO graduates excluded