Drugs for Upper Respiratory Disorders – Flashcards

Upper Respiratory Infections: Common Cold Acute Rhinits - Runny Nose Sinusitis - Sinus Infection Acute Pharyngitis - Sore Throat

Most prevelant in winter. Get 2-4/yr and a child gets 4-12/yr No antibiotic Treat symptoms Vit C and Zinc trace mineral Contagious period of cold 1-4 days b/f onset and first 3 days of cold. Take care of symptoms: remedies (soups), Vit C, nasal decongestents. Define problem: if nasal congestion use decongestant, if nasal discharge use anticholergenic, if cough use cough suppresent, increased mucosal secreations. (dry the mouth). Do get plenty of rest, washing of hands don't touch things and then touch mouth. Be sure to define whether something is a cold/allergie. Symptoms same difference is how long symptoms last.

H2 blockers (antagonists)-competes with histamine sites and helps prevent histamine allergeric response. Decrease nasal secretions. discongestants/antitussents MOST COMMON BENEDRYL. Side effects drowsiness, dry mouth, etc. Over the counter products. Chlorpheniramine maleate, diphenhydramine/Benadryl has similar se as first generation.

Most recommended antihistamine. Non sedative; little anticholinergic effect. In an allergic reaction you can use Zyrtec and claritin for hives. Drugs cetirizine (Zyrtec), fexofenadine (allegra), loratadine (Claritin), azelastine (Astelin)

Action: Decrease nasopharyngeal secretions, nasal itching, and tickling that cause sneezing. Not for emergency situation, ie., anaphylaxis. Be careful not for allergic Rhinitis: remember sneezing is a natural way for excreting.

Most common antihistamine; is also a sleep aid. Frequently is an ingredient in cold preparations and "sleep aid" products. SE: Drowsiness, dry mouth, and others that are similar to anticholinergics as a drying effect. Given: PO and IV 1/2 life 2-7 hrs onset is 15 minutes. Becareful if have narrow eye glaucoma than do not take.

Reducing inflammation, dilation of nasal blood vessels d/t infection, inflammation, or allergy. It produces vasoconstriction. If on diuretics than you shouldn't take this. can have systemic effect. Action: Stimulates the alpha-adrenergic receptors, causing vascular constriction or capillaries all the way to capillary bed. Aids in shrinking nasal mucous membranes and decreases nasal fluid secretions by drying up passages. IF HYPERTENSION DO NOT TAKE. Forms: Nasal spray drops capsule liquid FREQUENT USE can result in tolerance and cause rebound effect which is rebound vasodilation d/t irritation of nasal mucosa. This happens if used for longer than 5 days.(nasal sprays and drops) No to children on cold medicine.

ephedrine, phenylephrine, and pseudoephedrine Can get headaches/shaky jittery, nervous, restlessness, tachycardia, palpitations. Clients should decrease intake of caffine products. Decongestents may increase possiblity of hypertension/cardiac dysrhythmias bcare with clients who have H promblems and diabetes and hyperthyroidism.

Used to treat allergic rhinitis; do to anti-inflammatory action of allergies; Be careful they are steroids and decrease the symptoms. Examples are: flonase and nasacort. Most allergic rhinits is seasonal.

Suppress and act on cough reflex of center of Medulla. Cough suppresent. and help to sleep. Becareful how much you use d/t coughing can be good to expel mucous. Too much mucous collecting can cause pneumonia. Usually used in combination with other cold symptom drugs. If sore throat, cough is an irritant and you should use. ACUTE pharyngitis - Sore Throat. Examples dextromethorphan (romilar); narcotic products such as codeine.Forms: syrup, liquid form, chewable capsules, lozenges. Drug is rapidly absorbed/exerts its effects 15-30 minutes after oral administration. protein-binding.

Lossen bronchial secretions. Client should be well hydrated. Found in many OTC drugs. Popular one is Guaifenesin products (Robitussin), Mucilex. Keep mucous thin, moveable through bronchial areas don't want it to become stasis so that bacterial growth leads to pneumonia.

Inflammation of mucous membrane of one ormore ofthe maxillary, frontal, ethmoid or sphenoid sinuses. Systemic/Nasal decongestant may be indicated. Sinusitis can be painful. Bacterial treat with antibiotics. Nonbacterial treatment is nasal decongestant, fluids and rest.

Inflammation of the throat/sore throat. Treatment: saline garles, antiobiotics with bacterial infection lozenges and increased fluid intake.. Can be caused by a virus: beta-hemolytic streptococci or other bacteria. Symptoms inclue elevated temp and cough. A throat culture should be obtained to rule out betahemolytic steptococcal infection; if positive a 10 day course of antibiotics is prescribed.

Viral watch it cannot do anything just monitor. Handwashing - no transmission #1 effect to not get cold Sputum color: yellow/green: infection signs white/cloudy: just mucous and soften by dydrating. Listen to lungs: Wheezing, Rhonchi, Crackle (liquid in lungs) Can you cough and get expel it.

Inflammatory disorder of the airway walls associated with a varying amnt. of airway obstuction. Triggered by stress, allergens and pollutants.

COPD characterized by periods of bronchospasm resulting in wheezing and difficulty breathing.

Abnormal dilation of bronchi and bronchioles secondary to frequent infection and inflammation

Drugs to treat COPD particularly asthma.

Results when the lung tissue is exposed to extrinsic or intrinsic fctors that stimulate a bronchoconstrictive response.

Progressive lung disease caused by smoking or chronic lung infections.

lower respiratory tract disorder. Caused by airway obstruction with increased airway resistance of airflow to lung tissues.

Progressive lung disease caused by cigarette smoking, atmospheric contaminants, or lack or the alpha antitrypsisn protein that inhibits proteolytic enzymes that destroy alveoli.

Members of the corticosteroid family. Used to treat repiratory disorders, particularly asthma.